2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題試卷(第2套)

2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題試卷(第2套)PartIWriting(30minutes)passagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedindsbutnomorethan200words.Nowadaysstarchasingisprevalentamongmanyteenagers.Theytakepopstarsastheiridols,imitatingtheirwayoftalking,followingtheirstyleofdressing,andseekingeverychancetomeettheminpersonatgreatexpenses.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)Directions:Inthissection,vouwillheartwolongconversations.AttheendofeachonyouwillhearfourquestionsBoththeconversationandthequestionswillbeteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABC)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionsto4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.asgivenrisetomuchcontroversyB)Ithasbeenveryfavorablyreceived.C)Itwasprimarilywrittenforvegetarians.D)Itoffendsmanyenvironmentalists.2.A)Sheneglectspeople’seffortsinanimalprotection.B)Shetriestoforcepeopletoacceptherradicalideas.C)Sheignoresthevariousbenefitsofpublictransport.D)Sheinsistsvegetariansareharmingtheenvironment.3.A)Theyaresignificant.B)Theyarerevolutionary.C)Theyarerational.D)Theyaremodest.4.A)Itwouldhelptoprotecttheenvironment.B)Itwouldgeneratemoneyforpublichealth.C)Itwouldneedsupportfromthegeneralpublic.D)Itwouldforcepoorpeopletochangetheirdiet.Questionstoarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard5.A)Wheresuccessfulpeople’sstrengthscomefrom.B)Whymanypeoplefightsohardforsuccess.C)Howsheachievedherlife’sgoal.D)Whatmakespeoplesuccessful.6.A)Havingsomeonewhohasconfidenceinthem.B)Havingsomeonewhoisreadytohelpthem.C)Havingafirmbeliefintheirownability.D)Havingarealisticattitudetowardslife.7.A)Theyadjusttheirgoalsaccordingly.B)Theytryhardtoappearoptimistic.C)Theystaypositive.D)Theyremaincalm.A)Anunderstandingleadership.B)Anurturingenvironment.C)Mutualrespectamongcolleagues.D)Highlycooperativeteammates.Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard,9.A)Theyusetheirsenseofhearingtocapturetheirprey.B)Theirfoodmainlyconsistsofsmallanimalsandfish.C)Theyhavebigeyesanddistinctivevisualcenters.D)Theirancestorisdifferentfromthatofmicrobats.AWiththehelpofmoonlight.B)Bymeansofecholocation.C)Withtheaidofdaylightvision.D)Bymeansofvisionandsmell.ATomakeupfortheirnaturalabsenceofvision.C)Tofacilitatetheirtraveloverlongdistances.B)Toadaptthemselvestoaparticularlifestyle.D)Tosurviveintheever-changingweather.Questionsto15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.ATheyacquireknowledgenotfoundinbooks.B)Theylearnhowtointeractwiththeirpeers.C)Theybecomemoreemotionallyaggressive.D)Theygetmuchbetterpreparedforschool.TheyarefarfromemotionallypreparedB)Theytendtobemoreattractedbyimages.C)Theycan’tfollowtheconflictsintheshow.D)Theylackthecognitiveandmemoryskills.ChooseappropriateprogramsfortheirchildrenB)Helptheirchildrenunderstandtheprogram’splot.C)Outlinetheprogram’splotfortheirchildrenfirst.D)Monitortheirchildren’swatchingofTVprograms.lainitsmessagetotheirchildrenB)Checkiftheirchildrenhaveenjoyedit.C)Encouragetheirchildrentoretellthestory.D)Asktheirchildrentodescribeitscharacters.tionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestionsTherecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.QuestionstoarebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheardyareafraidofinjuringtheirfeetB)Theyhaveneverdevelopedthehabit.C)Theybelievealittledirtharmsnoone.D)Theyfinditrathertroublesometodoso.ADifferenttypesofbacteriaexistedonpublictoiletfloors.B)Thereweremorebacteriaonsidewalksthaninthehome.C)Officecarpetscollectedmorebacteriathanelsewhere.D)Alargenumberofbacteriacollectedonasingleshoe.ThechemicalsonshoescandeteriorateairqualityB)Shoescanupsetfamilymemberswiththeirnoise.C)Themarksleftbyshoesarehardtoerase.D)Shoescanleavescratchesonthefloor.Questions9to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.issinfulandimmoralB)Itisdeemeduncivilized.C)Itisanuncontrollablebehavior.D)Itisaviolationoffaithandtrust.20.A)Assesstheirconsequences.B)Guardagainsttheirharm.C)Acceptthemasnormal.D)Findouttheircauses.21.A)Trytounderstandwhatmessagestheyconvey.B)Payattentiontotheirpossibleconsequences.C)Considerthemfromdifferentperspectives.D)Makesuretheyarebroughtundercontrol.Questions2to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Cultivationofnewvarietiesofcrops.B)Measurestocopewithclimatechange.C)Developmentofmoreeffectivepesticides.D)Applicationofmorenitrogen-richfertilizers.23.A)Theexpansionoffarmlandindevelopingcountries.B)Theresearchoncroprotationindevelopingcountries.C)Thecooperationoftheworld’sagriculturalscientists.Theimprovementofagriculturalinfrastructure24.A)Forencouragingfarmerstoembracenewfarmingtechniques.B)Foraligningtheirresearchwithadvancesinfarmingtechnology.C)Forturningtheirfocustotheneedsoffarmersinpoorercountries.D)Forcooperatingcloselywithpolicymakersindevelopingcountries.25.A)Rapidtransitiontobecomeafoodexporter.B)Substantialfundinginagriculturalresearch.C)Quickrisetobecomealeadinggrainproducer.D)Assumptionofhumanitarianresponsibilities.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerankmorethanonce.AccordingtopsychologistSharonDraperourclothingchoicescanabsolutelyaffectourwellbeingWhenwewearillfittingclothesorfeelover-orunder-dressedforaneventitsnaturaltofeelselfconsciousorevenstressed.Conversely,shesays,optingforclothesthatfitwelland26withyoursenseofstylecanimproveyourconfidence.Butcanyouimproveyourhealththroughyour27clothing,withouthavingtoysaysDraperIfyourgoalistoimproveyourthinkingsherecommendspickingclothesthatfitwellandareunlikelytoencouragerestlessness,so,avoidbows,tiesandunnecessary29.Italsohelpstooptforclothesyou30astyinginwithyourgoals,so,ifyouwanttoperformbetteratwork,selectpiecesyouviewasprofessional.Drapersaysthisfitsinwiththeconceptofbehavioralactivation,whereby31inabehavior(inthiscase,selectingclothes)cansetyouonthepathtothenachievingyourgoals(workingharder).Anotherwaytoimproveyour32ofmindistomixthingsup.Drapersaysweoftenfeelstuckinarut(常規(guī))ifwewearthesameclothes—evenifthey’reourfavoritesthusoptingforanitemyoudontwearoftenoraddingsomethingdifferenttoanoutfit,suchasahat,can33shiftyourmood.Ondayswhenyou’rereally34tobravetheworld,Drapersuggestsselectingsentimentalitemsofclothing,suchasonesyouworeonaspecialday,orgiventoyoubyalovedone,asclotheswith35associationscanhelpyoutapintoconstructiveemotions.cessoriesondfileignL)prosperingrrentlyationsuctantrentveN)showcaseE)engagingJ)positivelyO)wardrobeDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Domusiclessonsreallymakechildrensmarter?A)Arecentanalysisfoundthatmostresearchmischaracterizestherelationshipbetweenmusicandskillsenhancement.B)In2004,apaperappearedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,titled“MusicLessonsEnhanceIQ.”Theauthor,composerandpsychologistGlennSchellenberghadconductedanexperimentwith144childrenrandomlyassignedtofourgroups:onegroupsrosebyanaverageofsevenpointsinthecourseofayearthoseintheothertwogroupsgainedanaverageof4.3points.C)Schellenberghadlongbeenskepticalofthesciencesupportingclaimsthatmusiceducationenhanceschildren’sabstractreasoning,math,orlanguageskills.Ifchildrenwhoplaythepianoaresmarter,hesays,itdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheyaresmarterbecausetheyplaythepiano.Itcouldbethattheyoungsterswhoplaythepianoalsohappentobemoreambitiousorbetteratfocusingonatask.Correlation,afterall,doesnotprovecausation.D)The2004paperwasspecificallydesignedtoaddressthoseconcerns.Andasapassionatemusician,SchellenbergwasdelightedwhenheturnedupcredibleevidencetheEducationEndowmentFoundationfundedabiggerstudywithmorethan900students.ThatstudyfailedtoconfirmSchellenberg’sfindings,producingnoevidencethatmusiclessonsimprovedmathandliteracyskills.E)Schellenbergtookthatnewsinstridewhilecontinuingtocastaskepticaleyeontheresearchinhisfield.Recently,hedecidedtoformallyinvestigatejusthowoftenhisfellowresearchersinpsychologyandneurosciencemakewhathebelievesareerroneous—oratleastpremature—causalconnectionsbetweenmusicandintelligence.Hisresults,publishedinMay,suggestthatmanyofhispeersdojustthat.studiesontheeffectsofmusiceducation.Theyfoundatotalof114paperspublishedsince2000.Toassesswhethertheauthorsclaimedanycausation,researchersthenlookedfortelltaleverbsineachpaper’stitleandabstract,verbslike“enhance,”“promote,”“facilitate,”and“strengthen.”Thepaperswerecategorizedasneuroscienceifthestudyemployedabrainimagingmethodlikemagneticresonance,orifthestudyappearedinajournalthathad“brain,”“neuroscience,”orarelatedterminitstitle.Otherwisethepaperswerecategorizedaspsychology.Schellenberg,didn’ttellhisassistantswhatexactlyhewastryingtoprove.G)Aftercomputingtheirassessments,Schellenbergconcludedthatthemajorityofthearticleserroneouslyclaimedthatmusictraininghadacausaleffect.Theoverselling,healsofound,wasmoreprevalentamongneurosciencestudies,threequartersofwhichmischaracterizedamereassociationbetweenmusictrainingandskillsenhancementasistshavebeenbattlingchargesthattheydon’tdo“real”scienceforsometime—inlargepartbecausemanyfindingsfromclassicexperimentshaveprovedunreproducible.beensubjecttothesamedegreeofcritique.whyandhowaconnectioncouldoccur.Whenitcomestotransfereffectsofmusic,scientistsdingtohowweuseit.Whenachildlearnstoplaytheviolin,forexample,severalstudieshaveshownthatthebrainregionresponsibleforthefinemotorskillsofthelefthand’sfingersislikelytogrow.AndmanyexperimentshaveshownthatmusicaltrainingimprovesantsbandgI)ButSchellenbergremainshighlycriticalofhowtheconceptofplasticityhasbeenappliedinhisfield."Plasticityhasbecomeanindustryofitsown,"hewroteinhisMaythatthesechangesaffectotherbrainregions,suchasthoseresponsibleforspatialreasoningormathproblems.J)NeuropsychologistLutzJ?nckeagrees.“Mostofthesestudiesdon’tallowforcausalinferences,”hesaid.Forovertwodecades,Janckehasresearchedtheeffectsofmusiclessons,andlikeSchellenberg,hebelievesthattheonlywaytotrulyunderstandtheireffectsistorunlongitudinalstudies.Insuchstudies,researcherswouldneedtofollowgroupsofchildrenwithandwithoutmusiclessonsoveralongperiodoftime—evenifreachgroup.K)Someresearchersarestartingtodojustthat.TheneuroscientistPeterSchneiderfrombeenfollowingagroupofchildrenfortenyearsnow.Someofthemwerehandedmusicalinstrumentsandgivenlessonsthroughaschool-basedprogramintheRuhrregionofGermanycalledJedemKindeinInstrument,or“aninstrumentforeverychild,”whichwascarriedoutwithgovernmentfunding.Amongthesechildren,Schneiderhasfoundthatthosewhowereenthusiasticaboutmusicandwhopracticedvoluntarilyshowedimprovementsinhearingability,aswellasinmoregeneralcompetencies,suchastheabilitytoconcentrate.L)Toestablishwhethereffectssuchasimprovedconcentrationarecausedbymusicparticipationitself,andnotbyinvestingtimeinanextracurricularactivityofanykind,AssalHabibi,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,isconductingafive-yearlongitudinalstudywithchildrenfromlow-incomecommunitiesthosewhodoafter-schoolsports,andthosewithnostructuredafterschoolprogramatallAftertwoyearsHabibiandhercolleaguesreportedseeingstructuralchangesinthebrainsofthemusicallytrainedchildren,bothlocallyandinthepathwaysconnectingdifferentpartsofthebrain.seemcompellingbutHabibischildrenwerenotselectedrandomlyDidthechildrenwhoweredrawntomusicperhapshavesomethinginthemfromthestartthatmadethemdifferentbuteludedthebrainscanners?“Assomebodywhostartedtakingpianolessonsattheageoffiveandgotupeverymorningatseventopractice,thatexperiencechangedmeandmademepartofwhoIamtoday,”Schellenbergsaid.“Thequestioniswhetherthosekindsofexperiencesdososystematicallyacrossindividualsandcreateexactlythesamechanges.AndIthinkthatisthathugeleapoffaith.”ehaveahiddentalentthatothersdidnthaveOrmoreendurancethanhispeersMusicresearcherstend,likeSchellenberg,tobemusiciansthemselves,andashenotedinhisrecentpaper,“theideaofpositivecognitiveandneuralsideeffectsfrommusicactivitiesisinherentlyappealingHealsoadmitsthatifhehadchildrenofhisown,hewouldencouragethemtotakemusiclessonsandgotouniversity.“Iwouldthinkthatitmakesthembetterpeople,morecritical,justwiseringeneral,”hesaid.kbecomesreligionorfaithYouhavetoletgoofyourfaithifyouwanttobeascientist.”36.GlennSchellenberg’slatestresearchsuggestsmanypsychologistsandneuroscientistswronglybelieveinthecausalrelationshipbetweenmusicandIQmusiciansthemselves.38.GlennSchellenbergwasdoubtfulabouttheclaimthatmusiceducationhelpsenhancechildren’sintelligence.39.GlennSchellenbergcametotheconclusionthatmostofthepapersassessedmadethewrongclaimregardingmusic’seffectonintelligence40.Youmustabandonyourunverifiedbeliefsbeforevoubecomeascientist.41.Lotsofexperimentshavedemonstratedthatpeoplewithmusictrainingcanbetterdifferentiatecertainsounds.enturywerenotsupportedbyalargerstudycarriedoutsometenyearslater.43.OneresearchersharesGlennSchellenberg’sviewthatitisnecessarytoconductlong-termdevelopmentalstudiestounderstandtheeffectsofmusictraining.newstudy.thatthechangecanaffectotherareas.tionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementsForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.OneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThetrendtowardrationalityandenlightenmentwasendangeredlongbeforetheadventoftheWorldWideWeb.AsNeilPostmannotedinhis1985bookAmusingOurselvestoDeath,theriseoftelevisionntroducednotjustanewmediumbutanewdiscourse:agradualshiftfromatypographic(印刷的)culturetoaphotographicone,tionsexpositiontoentertainmentInanimage-centeredandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisnoplaceforrationallies,confusionsandovergeneralizations,andtodetectabusesoflogicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontrastassertions,toconnectonegeneralizationtoanother.”Thedominanceoftelevisionwasnotconfinedtoourlivingrooms.Itoverturnedallerienceoftheworldaffectingtheconductofpoliticsreligionbusinessandculture.Itreducedmanyaspectsofmodernlifetoentertainment,sensationalism,andcommerce.“Americansdon’ttalktoeachother,wetertaineachotherPostmanwroteTheydontexchangeideastheyexchangeimagesTheydonotarguewithpropositions,theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials.”Atfirst,thewebseemedtopushagainstthistrend.Whenitemergedtowardstheendsseenasatooltopursueknowledgenotnewmedium,whichhosteddiscussiongroups,informativepersonalorgroupblogs,notaboutcommerceorcontrol,createdinascientificresearchcenterinSwitzerland.Andformorethanadecade,thewebcreatedanalternativespacethatthreatenedtelevision’sgriponsociety.Socialnetworks,though,havesincecolonizedthewebfortelevision’svalues.FromFacebooktoInstagram,themediumrefocusesourattentiononvideosandimages,rewardingemotionalappeals—‘like’buttons—overrationalones.Insteadofaquestforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesszest(熱情)forinstantapprovalfromanaudience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.(It’stellingthat,whileGooglehDthesisFacebookstartedasatooltojudgeclassmatesappearancesItwingusexactlywhatwealreadywantandthinkbasedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment’smotto(座右銘)of‘Daretoknow’hasenottocaretoknowWhatdidNeilPostmansayabouttheriseoftelevision?A)Itinitiatedachangefromdominanceofreasontosupremacyofpleasure.B)Itbroughtaboutagradualshiftfromcinemagoingtohomeentertainment.CItstartedarevolutioninphotographictechnology.D)Itmarkedanewageintheentertainmentindustry.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheadvantageoftextreading?A)Itgivesoneaccesstohugeamountsofinformation.B)Itallowsmoreinformationtobeprocessedquickly.C)Itiscapableofenrichingone’slife.D)Itisconducivetocriticalthinking.HowhastelevisionimpactedAmericans?A)Ithasgiventhemalotmoretoargueabout.B)Ithasbroughtcelebritiesclosertotheirlives.C)Ithasmadethemcaremoreaboutwhattheysay.DIthasrenderedtheirinteractionsmoresuperficialWhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheWorldWideWeb?A)Itwasdevelopedprimarilyforuniversitiesworldwide.B)Itwascreatedtoconnectpeopleindifferentcountries.C)Itwasviewedasameanstoquestforknowledge.DItwasdesignedasadiscussionforumforuniversitystudentshatdowelearnaboutusersofsocialmediaA)Theyarebentonlookingforanalternativespaceforescape.B)Theyareconstantlyseekingapprovalfromtheiraudience.C)Theyareforeverengagedinhuntingfornewinformation.D)Theyareunabletofocustheirattentionontasksforlong.TwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Accordingtoarecentstudy,asmallbutgrowingproportionoftheworkforceisaffectedtosomedegreebyasenseofentitlement.Workislessaboutwhattheycancontributebutmoreaboutwhattheycantake.Itcanleadtoworkplacedysfunctionanddiminishtheirownjobsatisfaction.I’mnotreferringtoemployeeswhoarelegitimatelynditionsduetosaybeingdeniedfairpayorflexibleworkpractices.I’mtalkingaboutthosewhoconsistentlybelievetheydeservespecialorlevelsofperformance.steadentswhooverindulgetheirkids.Thistherebyleadsthemtoexpectthesamekindofspoilttreatmentthroughouttheiradultlives.Andyetdespitehowtheseemployeesfeel,it’sAnd,byvirtueofthatheightenedmotivation,toperformwell.TheresearchteamfromseveralAmericanuniversitiessurveyedmorethan240individualsTheysampledmanagersaswellasteammembers.EmployeeentitlementwastementssuchasIhonestlyfeelImjustmoredeservingthanothersTherespondentshadtoratetheextentoftheiragreement.Employeeengagement,meanwhile,wasassessedwithstatementslike“Ireallythrowmyselfintomywork.”Thefindingsrevealedethicalleadershipispreciselywhatalleviatesthenegativeeffectsofemployeeentitlement.That’sbecauseratherthanindulgingemployeesorneglectingthem,ethicalleaderscommunicateverydirect