小學(xué)英語五升六暑期講義第5講：詞匯專項（學(xué)生版）

課程主題：第5講：詞匯專項教學(xué)目標(biāo)：掌握常考詞匯題的解題方法和變形方式教學(xué)內(nèi)容【進(jìn)門測試】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Afairy___________(help)thegirl.Don’t__________(take)offyourcoat.Let________(we)goandhavealook.Theshoesdon’t__________(fit)me.Doyoulike__________(read)newspaper?Doyou_____________(understand)thatstory?Who_________(have)togobacknow?She_________(come)and___________(visit)everyhouse.Idon’thave__________(some)newclothes.【多元導(dǎo)學(xué)】放暑假了，有沒有一種魔法能幫我記單詞呢？【互動精講】【知識梳理1】詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的概念詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：指同一詞根派生出來的名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、動詞、過去式、動名詞（動詞的ing形式）以及反義詞等詞性的相互轉(zhuǎn)換?！纠}精講】例：根據(jù)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.LiPingisgoodat_________.(draw)2.Alicewantstodosome__________.(shop)3.Excuseme,whatisthe__________ofthisword?(mean)【知識梳理2】詞性的主要分類詞性分類例詞名詞sky,cloud,wind...動詞play,kick...形容詞nice,cute...副詞quickly,fast...數(shù)詞one,two,three...代詞it,they,me...介詞in,at,on,after,before【知識梳理3】可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)1.一般情況加s。如：boy—boys,chair—chairs2.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的加es。如：box—boxes,watch—watches3.以輔音y結(jié)尾的去y變i加es。如：strawberry—strawberries4.以fe,f結(jié)尾的,把fe,f變成ve,加s。如：knife—knives,wife—wives5.特殊詞。如：man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,mouse—mice【例題精講】例：寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)。sheepgoosefoottoothphototomatopotatobusboxleafknifebutterflyboyhorsezoomouse【知識梳理4】動詞變名詞直接加“er”,以字母“e”結(jié)尾的加“r”如：teach—teacher2.work—worker3.swim—swimmer4.drive—driver5.play—player6.speak—speaker7.write—writer8.run-runner【例題精講】例：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Doyouwanttobea_________(write)?2.My___________isakindman(teach).3.__________areveryimportantinourcountry(work).【知識梳理5】動詞變?nèi)龁我?guī)律1.大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加s，如plays,wants,swims等。2.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，要先將y變?yōu)閕，然后在加es讀[iz]。如：fly－flies[iz];carry－carries[iz];study－studies[iz];worry－worries[iz]。3.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加es，發(fā)音為[iz]。如：teach－teaches[iz]。4.以o結(jié)尾的動詞，加es，讀[z]。如：go－goes[z];do－does[z]。5.還有一個特殊變化需要我們特別記住:have的三單形式為has。【例題精講】例：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.MrsLi_________usEnglish,sheisour____________(teach).2.Doyou______(have)Mathstoday?【知識梳理6】動詞的過去式1.一般在詞尾加-ed,help-helped；2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的詞加-d,如live-lived；3.以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾時，加-ed，如：play-played；以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾時，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied；4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個輔音字母，然后再加ed。如：stop-stopped；5.不規(guī)則動詞過去式變化表：原形過去式am,iswasarewerebeginbeganbreakbrokebringbroughtbuildbuiltbuyboughtcancouldcatchcaughtcomecamedodiddrawdrewdrinkdrankdrivedroveeatatefallfellfeedfedfeelfeltfindfoundflyflewforgetforgotgetgotgowenthave,hashadhearheardholdheldkeepkeptknowknewlearnlearntleaveleftletletmakemademaymightmeanmeantmeetmetmustmustputputreadreadrunranrideroderingrangsaysaidseesawsellsoldsingsangsitsatsleepsleptspeakspokestandstoodswimswamtaketookteachtaughttelltoldthinkthoughtthrowthrewunderstandunderstoodwinwon【例題精講】例：寫出下列動詞的過去式。singeatseehavedogobuy__________getreadflyam/isaresayleavetelldrawcomeloseswimtakefinddrinkhurtfeel【知識梳理7】動名詞（動詞的ing形式）主要是用在be動詞后面與其構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，另外還有一些固定搭配，如likedoingsth,begoodatdoingsth等。【例題精講】例：寫出下列動詞的動名詞形式。swimdancecookridewaitwalkhaveswingruneatflywritesit_________【知識梳理8】基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞規(guī)律1.one→first，two→second，three→third這三個詞變化特殊，要單獨(dú)記；eight→eighth，nine→ninth，八去t，九去e后再加-th;five→fifth，twelve→twelfth，五、十二把ve換成f再加-th；twenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth...整十先把詞尾y改為ie再加-th。兩位數(shù)時則十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，如：twenty-first。2.口訣：一、二、三，特殊記，t，d，d；八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，整十y要改成i和e，還有th莫忘記；要是幾十幾，只變各位就可以?！局R梳理9】單詞的反義詞big（大的）small（小的）bad（壞的）good（好的）black（黑的）white（白的）cold（冷的）hot（熱的）cool（涼爽的）warm（溫暖的）come（來）go（去）cry（哭）laugh（笑）different（不同的）same（相同的）dirty（臟的）clean（干凈的）day（白天）night（夜晚）early（早的）late（遲的）fast（快的）slow（慢的）happy（高興的）sad（悲傷的）inside（里面的）outside（外面的）in（里面）out（外面）left（左）right（右）new（新的）old（舊的）open（開）close（關(guān)）quick（快的）slow（慢的）stand（站）sit（坐）short（矮的）tall(高的）short（短的）long（長的）thick（厚的）thin（薄的）thin（瘦的）fat（肥的）up（向上）down（向下）wrong（錯的）right（對的）weak（弱的）strong（強(qiáng)壯的）young（年輕的）old（年老的）【例題精講】例：寫出下列單詞的反義詞。biglongstrongtallyoungleftcoldclosebadhappy__________strictfarsmallercomeblackonbehindexpensive【知識梳理10】單詞的完整形式及縮略形式it’sI’mhe’sshe’syou’rethey’rewhat’swhere’sthere’rethere’swho’sthat’swe’redon’tdoesn’tdidn’tcan’thaven’tlet’s【知識梳理11】同音詞和近義詞英語常見同音詞:no—knowsee—seahi—highI—eyefor—fourson—sunour—hourhere—heartwo—toothere—theirright—write英語常見近義詞：listen—hearclass—lessonglad—happylike—lovelook—seelittle—smallstart—beginlearn—studyusually—often【例題精講】例：寫出下列單詞的對應(yīng)詞。boythosedayMrmanmotherauntbrotherknifevillagehehealthy【知識梳理12】比較級，最高級變化規(guī)律比較級直接在原級后加er,最高級加est，例如：tall-taller-tallesthigh-higher-highest形容詞后面以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，變比較級，直接加r,最高級直接加st，例如：fine-finer-finest,nice-nicer-nicest3.形容詞后面是以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，把y改成i,再加er變比較級，變最高級是把y改成i,再加est，例如：heavy-heavier-heaviest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的形容詞，（最后是一個元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的形容詞），變比較級，雙寫最后輔音字母，再加er,變最高級雙寫最后輔音字母，再加est，例如：big-bigger-biggest【例題精講】例1：Maryisthe__________ofthreesisters.(old)例2：Tomcanthrow___________thanI.(far)例3：Mydaughterlooksmuch________________thanherdeskmate.(health)【知識梳理13】形容詞變副詞一般在形容詞的詞尾加-ly可以變成副詞。例如：quick—quickly,slow—slowly,loud—loudly,sudden—suddenly等。但是，以下幾點(diǎn)值得注意：1.一些以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞，要把y改為i再加-ly。例如：happy—happily,angry—angrily,lucky—luckily,heavy—heavily,noisy—noisily等。2.有些以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉e加-y。例如：possible—possibly,terrible—terribly等。3.少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true—truly等。但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite—politely,wide—widely等。4.以-l結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時仍然要在詞尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll結(jié)尾的才在詞尾只加-y。例如：usual—usually,careful—carefully,useful—usefully,full—fully等?！纠}精講】例：將形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~。1.easy容易的—____________2.hard努力的—____________3.true真的—____________4.heavy重的—____________5.careful小心的—____________6.happy高興的—____________7.fast快的—____________8.lucky幸運(yùn)的—____________9.gentle溫和的—____________10.possible可能的—____________11.angry生氣的—____________12.sad悲傷的—____________13.good好的—____________14.bad壞的—____________15.near附近的—____________16.high高的—____________17.terrible糟糕的—____________18.quick迅速的—____________【課堂檢測】一、試用some和any填空。

1.Lilyputs________flowersinthevase.

2.Arethere________shopsnearthelibrary?

3.Wouldyoulike________milkinyourcoffee?

4.Youcantake________presentyoulike.5.Wecan’tseesignsonthewall.二、閱讀理解。(一)Doyoulikeasunnyday?Ofcourse!Thesunisshiningandeverythinglooksbright.Thesunlookssmallbecauseitissofarfromus.Infact,thesunisverylarge.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.Ittakestwelvemonthsfortheearthtodothis.Canyoufeeltheheatwhenyouareinthesun?Yes!Thesungivesusalotofheatandkeepsuswarm.Thesungivesuslighttoo.Sowecanseeeverything.Itmakeseverylifealive.Plants,animalsandpeopleallneedit.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesun.SunisgoodformakingVitaminDbyourbodies.根據(jù)短文判斷，相符用“T”，不符用“F”表示。5分()1.Thesunshinesandeverythingisbright.()2.Thesungivesusheatandlight.()3.Thesunissmall.()4.Peopleneedthesuntolive.()5.SunisgoodformakingVitaminAbyourbodies.（二）Oneday,awomansawthreeoldmensittinginfrontofherhouse.Shedidnotknowthem.Shesaid,‘Idon’tknowyou,butyoumustbehungry.Pleasecomeinandhavesomethingtoeat.’Oneoftheoldmensaid,‘Wedon’tgointothehousetogether.Hisname’sWealth,heisSuccessandI’mLove.Nowwhichoneofusyouwantinyourhouse?’‘Oh,ifIletWealthin,ourhouseisfullofmoney’,thewomanthought,‘IfIinviteLove,ourhousewillbefulloflove!’Shesaid,‘Whoislove?Pleasecomein!’Lovegotupandcamein.Theothertwomencameinafterhim.Thewomenwashappyandasked,‘IonlyinviteLove.Whyareyoucomingintogether?’Themenanswered,‘IfyouinviteWealthorSuccess.Theothertwoofuswillstayoutside.ButyouinvitedLove,whereverhe