小學(xué)英語五升六暑期講義第6講：句型轉(zhuǎn)換（教師版）

課程主題：句型轉(zhuǎn)換專題授課時(shí)間：學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握解題技巧教學(xué)內(nèi)容【進(jìn)門測(cè)試】詞匯知識(shí)點(diǎn)抽查【多元導(dǎo)學(xué)】思考句型轉(zhuǎn)換的技巧【互動(dòng)精講】【簡(jiǎn)單句的分類】在英語中，句子按使用的目的分為四大類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句【例題精講】根據(jù)表格的分類造句。例句用途陳述句肯定句Ihaveanewdress.描述意見、事情或者說明說話人的看法否定句Hedoesn'tdowellinPE.疑問句一般疑問句AreyouinGrade6?用于提出問題特殊疑問句When’syourbirthday?選擇疑問句Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?祈使句肯定Closethedoor,please.表示命令、建議或者要求等否定Don'tbelateagain.感嘆句Whatanicepresent!表示驚訝、喜悅、贊美、厭惡等感情批注：在導(dǎo)入部分學(xué)生初步對(duì)這幾類句子有了了解，在這部分詳細(xì)解釋各類句子的用途，并讓學(xué)生自己造句子，句子不局限于所給的參考答案，只要符合要求即可?！局R(shí)梳理1】陳述句概念陳述句是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或者說話人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句兩種。陳述句在書寫時(shí)句末用句號(hào)，在朗讀時(shí)用降調(diào)?？隙ň洌簩?duì)事物作出肯定判斷的句子陳述句否定句：含有“不、沒有、完全不是、完全不”等否定意思的詞的句子1.肯定句如：Lucylikesplayingsports.Iamsinging.Shecanrideabike.2.否定句如：Lisaisnotastudent.Wecannotgohikingwithyouthisweekend.Idon’tlikemusic.【例題精講】連詞成句1.are,brothers,those,my,not(.)______________________________________________2.table,backpack,the,my,is,under(.)_______________________________________________3.the,is,dress,red,in,girl,sister,my,the(.)_______________________________________________4.like,

some,

would,

I,

noodles(.)_______________________________________________5.has,she,a,car,blue(.)_________________________________________________答案：1.Thosearenotmybrothers.2.Mybackpackisunderthetable.3.Thegirlinthereddressismysister.4.Iwouldlikesomenoodles.5.Shehasabluecar.【知識(shí)梳理2】感嘆句的構(gòu)成引導(dǎo)詞用法例句WhatWhat+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+(主語+謂語)What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+(主語+謂語)Whatadeliciouscake(itis)!Whatdeliciouscoffee(itis)!Whatdeliciouscakes(theyare)!HowHow+adj./adv.+(主語+謂語)How+adj.+a/an+名詞+(主語+謂語)批注：這一點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充講解，小學(xué)階段出現(xiàn)的較少Howdelicious(thecakeis)!Howdeliciousacake(itis)!感嘆句記憶口訣感嘆句，并不難，what與how應(yīng)在前；形容詞、副詞跟著how，what后面名詞連；名詞若是可數(shù)單，前帶冠詞a或an；主語、謂語放后面，省略它們也常見。【例題精講】例1：______aprettygirlsheis!(What/How)解析:注意冠詞a，修飾名詞用what.答案:What例2：______kindteacherstheyare!(What/How)解析:修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)，用what。答案:What【鞏固練習(xí)】例1：______hotwateritis!(What/How)解析:water為不可數(shù)名詞，修飾名詞用what。答案:What例2：______happyIam!解析:修飾形容詞happy,用how。答案:How例3：________quicklytheboyisrunning!解析:修飾副詞quickly,用how答案:How【知識(shí)梳理3】陳述句變感嘆句在把陳述句變感嘆句時(shí)，可以根據(jù)以下這種方法——一斷二加三換位?！耙粩唷奔丛谥^語后面斷開，使句子分成兩部分；“二加”即在第二部分前加上how（強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞、副詞）或what（強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞）；“三換位”即把第一部分和第二部分互換位置，句號(hào)換感嘆號(hào)。例如：Heworkshard.→Heworks/hard.→Heworks（how）hard.→Howhardheworks!三換位二加一斷三換位二加一斷Heisagoodworker.→Heis/agoodworker.→Heis（what）agoodworker.→Whatagoodworkerheis!三換位二加一斷三換位二加一斷【例題精講】Helistenedtohisteachercarefully.(改為感嘆句)_______________helistenedtohisteacher!解析:根據(jù)做題步驟，先劃分主語和謂語，所剩部分為副詞carefully，選用how,后加副詞carefully。答案:Howcarefully【鞏固練習(xí)】例1：Itisanicecake.(改為感嘆句)_______________________cakeitis!解析:根據(jù)做題步驟，先劃分主語和謂語，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，因而用what引導(dǎo)。答案:Whatanice例2：TheChristmastreeisbeautiful.(改為感嘆句)______________theChristmastreeis!解析:注意判斷主語和謂語，去除主謂部分后，所剩部分為形容詞beautiful，選用how。答案:Howbeautiful【知識(shí)梳理4】祈使句的含義祈使句:表請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、警告、禁止等，句子以動(dòng)詞原形開頭。例如：Bequiet,please.（Pleasebequiet.）（請(qǐng)安靜?！?qǐng)求）Goandwashyourhands.（去洗你的手?！睿〣ekindtooursister.（對(duì)姊妹要和善?！?jiǎng)窀妫￤atchyoursteps.（走路小心?！妫㎜ookout！Danger?。ㄐ⌒模∥ｋU(xiǎn)！——強(qiáng)烈警告，已如感嘆句）Keepoffthegrass.（勿踐草坪?！梗㎞oparking.（禁止停車?！梗局R(shí)梳理5】祈使句的肯定和否定結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：1）Do型(即：動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語)+其它成分)。如：Pleasehaveaseathere.請(qǐng)這邊坐。有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下，動(dòng)詞可省略。如：Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.請(qǐng)這邊走。2）Be型(即：Be+表語(名詞或形容詞)+其它成分)。如：Beagoodboy!要做一個(gè)好孩子!3）Let型(即：Let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分)。如：Letmehelpyou.讓我來幫你?！纠}精講】例1：(taste)thecake,please.解析:該句為祈使句，動(dòng)詞原形開頭，注意首字母大寫。答案：Taste例2：(be)agoodteacher.解析:該句為祈使句，意為“成為一名好的老師”。答案：Be例3：Letme_______alook.A.have B.tohave C.having解析：從題中可判斷是由Let引導(dǎo)的祈使句，結(jié)構(gòu)為：Let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分。答案：A【鞏固練習(xí)】例1：Let’s(go)forawalk,shallwe?解析:注意let后接動(dòng)詞原形。答案：go例2：Lethim(be)hereby10o’clock.解析:注意let后接動(dòng)詞原形。答案：be2.否定結(jié)構(gòu)：1）Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't構(gòu)成。如：Don'tforgetme!不要忘記我!Don'tbelateforschool!上學(xué)不要遲到!2）Let型的否定式有兩種：“Don't+let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分”和“Let+賓語+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分”。如：Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.別讓他走。3）有些可用no開頭，用來表示禁止性的祈使句。如：Nosmoking!禁止吸煙!Nofishing!禁止釣魚!【例題精講】例1：______speakloudly.Keepquiet,please.A.Don’t B.Shouldn’t C.Doesn’t D.Wouldn’t解析：從題目中看沒有主語，可以判斷為祈使句，根據(jù)題中“請(qǐng)保持安靜”判斷出前句應(yīng)為“不要大聲講話”，是一個(gè)祈使句，而且是否定的祈使句，應(yīng)為Donot+動(dòng)詞原形。答案：A例2：(notrun)intheclassroom.It’sdangerous(危險(xiǎn)的).解析:祈使句否定形式，在動(dòng)詞前加Don’t。答案：Don’trun【鞏固練習(xí)】例1：(notbe)absentfromthemeeting!解析:be動(dòng)詞的否定在其前加Don’t。答案：Don’tbe例2：Let’snot(say)anythingaboutit!解析:注意let后接動(dòng)詞原形，其否定形式在動(dòng)詞前加not。答案：say例3：Lookatthesign.Itreads“____________smoking!”A.Not B.No C.Don’t解析：從題目中看沒有主語，可以判斷為祈使句，根據(jù)動(dòng)名詞smoking可以判斷是表示禁止性的祈使句，題中意思是“看這個(gè)標(biāo)志牌，上面寫著‘禁止抽煙’”，結(jié)構(gòu)是：No+doing。答案：B【知識(shí)梳理6】句型轉(zhuǎn)換陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹纠}精講】把下列句子變成一般疑問句。1)Sheisapolicewoman.→Issheapolicewoman?2)Youcangohomenow.→CanIgohomenow?方法總結(jié)：句子中含有be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，把它們提到句首。3)MikegetsupearlierthanDavid.→DoesMikegetupearlierthanDavid?4)IgetupearlierthanDavid.→DoyougetupearlierthanDavid?5)IgotupearlierthanDavid.→DidyougetupearlierthanDavid?【陳述句變一般疑問句方法總結(jié)】（1）“三步走”第一步：看一下原句有沒有be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are,was,were），有則將be動(dòng)詞提到主語之前，即是：be動(dòng)詞+主語+…?第二步：看一下原句有沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can,should,may,must,will,would,could……），有則將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前，即是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+…?第三步：在沒有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情況下，就要請(qǐng)助動(dòng)詞（do,does,did）來幫忙。即：助動(dòng)詞（do,does,did）+主語+…?（2）“一致原則”即“用什么提問則用什么回答”；（3）人稱要注意第一人稱要變成第二人稱；（4）特別注意：如果肯定句中有some，在改為一般疑問句時(shí)，要把它變?yōu)閍ny。【疑問句變句口訣】疑問句很容易，句子之中找can/be(am/is/are/were/was)?？彀阉鼈兲峋涫祝状竽﹩杽e忘記。如果句中無can/be,句子前面加DDD（Do/Does/Did）。第一人稱you代替。注意：此處的can代表的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有should,will,could,may,shall,must等?！局R(shí)梳理7】陳述句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧潢愂鼍渥優(yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧鋾r(shí)，要根據(jù)不同的問答選用不同的疑問詞，后再跟一般疑問句式，不同的提問用不同的特殊疑問詞。When什么時(shí)間（問時(shí)間）Whatdate什么日期（問具體日期）Who誰（問人）Whatday星期幾Whose誰的（問主人）How…怎么樣（問情況）Where在哪里（問地點(diǎn)）Howold多大（問年齡）Which哪一個(gè)（問選擇）Howmany多少（問數(shù)量，后跟可數(shù)名詞）Why為什么（問原因）Howmuch多少（問價(jià)錢或數(shù)量，問數(shù)量時(shí)后跟不可數(shù)名詞）What什么（問東西、事情或職業(yè)）Howabout……怎么樣（問意見）Whattime什么時(shí)間（問具體的時(shí)刻）Howfar多遠(yuǎn)（問路程）Whatcolour什么顏色（問顏色）Howlong多長(zhǎng)問時(shí)間(for+一段時(shí)間)Whatabout…怎么樣（問意見）【鞏固練習(xí)】對(duì)畫線部分提問。I’dliketohavehamburgersforlunch.___________you___________________forlunch?解析：先審題，對(duì)劃線部分提問就是根據(jù)所給的一個(gè)陳述句寫一個(gè)特殊疑問句，特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？根據(jù)畫線部分內(nèi)容選擇特殊疑問詞，畫線部分為hamburgers漢堡包，對(duì)東西提問用what,然后把原句變成一般疑問句，I’d=Iwould,把would提前得出一般疑問句：Wouldyouliketohavehamburgersforlunch?最后把特殊疑問詞和一般疑問句合在一起，去掉劃線部分。題目中已經(jīng)給出了一部分單詞，所以答案為：Whatwould;liketohave.【劃線提問口訣】劃線提問不存疑，下面口訣要牢記。原句先變疑問句，劃線部分再劃去。疑詞選擇要注意，首大末問別忘記。如果疑詞是What，劃去部分do/doing代替?！局R(shí)梳理8】選擇疑問句和一般疑問句的答語【例題精講】按照要求寫句子。1)--Isyourdresswhiteorblue?(寫出答語)--It’swhite/blue.2)--Isyourdresswhite?(寫出答語)--Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.批注：按照要求讓學(xué)生完成句子改寫，然后總結(jié)規(guī)律和方法，選擇疑問句根據(jù)所給的內(nèi)容選擇一個(gè)回答，一般疑問句用Yes或No回答。句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法總結(jié)(例句時(shí)態(tài)以一般過去時(shí)為主)一、肯定句一般疑問句1.有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（am,is,are,was,were,can,could,would,should等）=1\*GB3①be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞搬句首=2\*GB3②第一、第二人稱互換=3\*GB3③some改成any,and改成or=4\*GB3④句末改成問號(hào)例：=1\*GB3①Iwasathomeyesterday.Wereyouathomeyesterday?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.=2\*GB3②Icoulddancedwelltenyearsago.Couldyoudancewelltenyearsago?Yes,Icould./No,Icouldn’t.2.沒有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞=1\*GB3①句首添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did（根據(jù)原句時(shí)態(tài)和人稱決定）=2\*GB3②第一、第二人稱互換=3\*GB3③some改成any,and改成or=4\*GB3④動(dòng)詞變回原形=5\*GB3⑤句末改成問號(hào)例：WewenttoafarmlastSunday.DidyougotoafarmlastSunday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.二、肯定句特殊疑問句1.將劃線部分換成對(duì)應(yīng)的疑問詞人——who/whom事，物——what地點(diǎn)——where時(shí)間——when/whattime原因——why數(shù)量——howmany頻率——howoften價(jià)錢——howmuch顏色——whatcolour年齡——howold長(zhǎng)度——howlong距離——howfar還有how,which,whose等。2.將剩余部分改成一般疑問句。（具體步驟同第一大點(diǎn)）例：Iwenttotheparkyesterday.=1\*GB3①Iwenttotheparkyesterday.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?=2\*GB3②Iwenttotheparkyesterday.Wheredidyougoyesterday?=3\*GB3③Iwenttotheparkyesterday.Whowenttotheparkyesterday?=4\*GB3④Iwenttotheparkyesterday.Whendidyougotothepark?三、肯定句否定句1.有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞=1\*GB3①直接在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，可縮寫。=2\*GB3②some改成any,and改成or=3\*GB3③動(dòng)詞變回原形例：=1\*GB3①M(fèi)ikewasintheclassroomjustnow.Mikewasn’tintheclassroomjustnow.=2\*GB3②Hecouldflykiteshigh.Hecouldn’tflykiteshigh.2.沒有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞=1\*GB3①在行為動(dòng)詞前添加助動(dòng)詞don’t,doesn’t或didn’t.=2\*GB3②動(dòng)詞變回原形=3\*GB3③some改成any,and改成or例：ThestudentshadaPElessonthismorning.Thestudentsdidn’thaveaPElessonthismorning.鞏固練習(xí)一、將下列句子改成一般疑問句1.Iusuallydomyhomeworkateight.__________________________________________Wewatchedafootballmatchyesterday.__________________________________________I’dliketogoswimming.____________________________________________Theyareplayingfootballintheplayground.______________________________________Youshouldkeepquietinthelibrary.________________________________Shehadsomebreadyesterdaymorning.__________________________________________Hissisterhassometoys.________________________________________I’mgoingtojoinapartythisevening.____________________________Mymothercansinganddance.____________________________________Iwasathomejustnow.______________________________二、將下列句子改成否定句1.Theyareinthebedroom.________________________________TomwatchedTVlastevening.________________________________Idomyhomeworkeveryday._____________________________________Shelikesmilk.________________________________________Johnhadsometoysmanyyearsago.____________________________________________ShemustreturnthestorybooktoTomintwodays.___________________________________Sheisgoodatdrawing.________________________________Weshouldruninthemorningeveryday.___________________________________Wecangotherebytrain.______________________________________Iamtenyearsold.____________________________________將下列句子改成特殊疑問句（劃線提問）Theybroughtsomenicefoodyesterday.__________________________________Sheisanurse._________________________________Sheismyteacher.__________________________________Iamlookingformysister.________________________________Itismycoat._________________________________Igetupatsix.__________________________________Theyarefiveyuan.__________________________________IamfromHubei.____________________________IwenttoschoollatebecauseIgotuplate._______________________________________Itiswindytoday._____________________________________Mybagisred._______________________________________I’mgoingtowatchafilmtomorrow.__________________________________Weshouldsavetreesandwater._____________________________________【課堂檢測(cè)】Ihavesometoycars.(改為否定句)Itoycars.2.Thewhitecapisonthetable.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)thewhitecap?3.Wehavethreelessonsthisafternoon?(對(duì)畫線部分提問)doyouhave?Therearesomeartroomsinyourschool.(改為一般疑問句并作否定回答)artsroomsinyourschool?,.Therearetwenty-fourcomputersinthecomputerroom?(對(duì)畫線部分提問)inthecomputerroom?Thelibraryisonthegroundfloor.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)thelibrary?Thereisonedressonthebed.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)arethereonthebed?Thetabletennisroomisonthefirstfloor.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)thetabletennisroom?Therearesomeflowersinthepark.(改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答)---flowersinthepark?---,.Thereissomewaterinthebowl.(改為否定句)Therewaterinthebowl.Doyouhaveananimalfriend?(用she改寫，并作肯定回答)sheananimalfriend?Yes,she.Itlikesyourfingers!(改為否定句)Ityourfingers!Ihavesomeanimalfriends.(改為否定句)Ianimalfriends.14.Ithasahardbody.(改為一般疑問句)itahardbody?Therabbithastwolongears.（對(duì)畫線部分提問）Whattherabbit?Dogscanswimwell.(改為一般疑問句)dogswell?Giveitacake.(改為同義句)acakeit.17.It’stimefordinner.(改為同義句)It’stime.Thereisalibraryintheschool.(改為復(fù)數(shù))Thereintheschool.Whatabeautifulhouseitis!(寫出同義句)thehouseis!【要點(diǎn)回顧】回顧本次課內(nèi)容【溫故知新】課后鞏固一．句型轉(zhuǎn)換MyfatherlikesfishingonSundays.(改為否定句)______________________________________________________MyfatherlikesfishingonSundays.(改為一般疑問句)___________________________________________Mysistercanmakeacakeforme.(改為一般疑問句)___________________________________________Mike’sfatherhasacat.(改為一般疑問句)___________________________________________YangLingandLiuTaoaregoodfriends.(改為一般疑問句)___________________________________________Igetupatseven.(改為一般疑問句)___________________________________________二、句型變化1.Myparentsarecookingdinnerinthekitchen.（對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問）parentscookingdinner?HeismyEnglishteacher.（對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問）ishe?3.Igetupatseven.（對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問）getup?4.ThisisMike’sbag.（對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問）isthis?Thatismyfather’sphone.（對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問）isthat?Wheredoyour2.Whois3.Whendoyou4.Whosebag5.What三．對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問1.Myfatherworksinafactory.(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)work?Thesebooksare50yuan.(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)arethesebooks?MymothertakesmetoBeijing.(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)toBeijing?IcomefromCanada.(加拿大)(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)youcomefrom?I