安徽省淮北市樹人高級中學高二下學期期末考試英語試題

20202021學年度第二學期期末考試試題英語本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分，考生作答時，將答案答在答題卡上（答題注意事項見答題卡），在本試題卷上做答無效。考試結束后，將本試題卷和答題卡一并交回。注意事項：1.本考試設試題卷和答題卡兩部分，所有答題必須用2B鉛筆涂（選擇題）或用黑色簽字筆寫（非選擇題）在答題卡上，做在試卷上一律不得分。2.答卷前，務必用黑色中性筆在答題卡正面清楚地填寫姓名、準考證號。3.考試時間120分鐘。試卷滿分150分。第Ⅰ卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.1.Howcanpeopletraveltoday?A.Byair.B.Byship.C.Bytrain.2.Whatwillthemandoonhisbirthday?A.Haveaparty.B.Seeamovie.C.Gooutforameal.3.Whyisthewomansurprised?A.Theshirtisveryexpensive.B.Herhusbandwantsfourshirts.C.Themandoesn'tagreewithher.4.Whowillpayforthemeal?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Thewoman'ssister.5.Whichsportdoesthemanprefernow?A.Tennis.B.Basketball.C.Football.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Friends.7.Whatdothespeakershaveinmon?A.Theyarebothdesigners.B.TheyarebothintheITindustry.C.Theyworkforthesamepany.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whichpartofherjobdoesthewomanfindthemostdifficult?A.Usingtheputersystem.B.Speakinginpublic.C.Takingsomuchtraining.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Tellherbossaboutherproblem.B.Leashmorefromothers.C.Changeherjob聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthewomancalltheman？A.Toborrowhiscar.B.ToborrowsomemoneyC.Toaskfordirection11.Whatwasthemandoingbeforethecall?A.Playinggames.B.WatchingTV.C.Readingabook.12.WhathappenedtoBob?A.Hehadacaraccident.B.Helosthisway.C.Hehurtsomebody.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatwillthemandrink?A.Tea.B.Milk.C.Coffee.14.Whendidthemanlastseethewoman?A.Aboutamonthago.B.Abouttwomonthsago.C.Aboutthreemonthsago.15.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atabarber's.B.Atacafe.C.Atthewoman'shouse16.Whatwillthewomandoforthemannext?A.Washhishair.B.Fetchhisdrink.C.Cleanhiscollar.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.HowmanyscreenplaysdidPinterwriteforthecinema?A.29.B.28.C.27.18.WhenwastheplayTheBirthdayPartyfirstperformedinLondon?A.OnApril28th,1958.B.OnMay19th,1958.C.OnDecember24th,1958.19.Whosebirthdaypartywasruined?A.StanleyWebber's.B.Goldberg's.C.McCann's.20.HowlongdidHaroldPinterlive?A.50years.B.62years.C.78years.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATOWNOFMIDDLEBOROUGHRUBBISH/RECYCLEINFORMATIONRUBBISHCOLLECTIONCURBSIDE（路邊回收）Yourhouseholdrubbishiscollectedweeklyonyourregularcollectionday.Allresidentsusingrubbishbarrelsmusthavecoversonthemtopreventrain/snowwaterbuildupinside.PleasenotethefollowinglistofitemsthatwillNOTbepickedupbytheSanitationDivision：●MedicalWasteorMercuryCallHealthDepartmentat5089462408●Containerswithsharpedgesorbottoms.●Metals,furnitureorbuildingmaterials.●Recyclablematerial.RECYCLECOLLECTIONCURBSIDEYourrecyclableswillbecollectedeveryotherweekonyourregularcollectionday.Failuretoputyourrecyclablesoutontheassigneddaycauses"doublepickup".Pleasehelpustokeepcostsdown.Itemsforcurbsidecollection：●Newspapersandmagazines●CardboardCerealBoxes,PastaBoxes,ShoeBoxes,Etc.●Cansandplastics（NOCHILDREN'STOYS）●Clearandcoloredglass（onlybrown&green）Howtoprepareitemsforcurbsidecollection：●PaperProducts—pleasewraptheminplasticgrocerybagstoprotectfromrainandwind.●Cans,plasticsandclearandcoloredglass—CLEAN.*Allrubbish/recyclablesmustbeoutatcurbsideby7：00a.m.onyourregularscheduledcollectionday.1.Howoftenishouseholdrubbishcollectedinthetown？A.Everyday. B.Everyotherday.C.Everyweek. D.Everyotherweek.2.Whichofthefollowingrecyclableswillbecollected？A.Anoverduejournal. B.Anoldsmartphone.C.Aplastictoytruck. D.Ayellowdrinkingglass.3.Whatshouldtheresidentsdowhentheydumptheirrecyclables？A.Theyshouldtrytokeepthepickupcostsdown.B.Theyshouldhavethemallcleanedbeforedumping.C.Theyshoulddumpthemby7：00a.m.besidetheirhouses.D.Theyshouldhavepaperproductscoveredinplasticbags.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文。主要講述了米德爾堡鎮(zhèn)垃圾回收處理的相關信息?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個小標題下的“Yourhouseholdrubbishiscollectedweeklyonyourregularcollectionday.（你的家庭垃圾每周在你的定期收集日收集一次。）”可知，家庭垃圾是每周都會收集。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章Itemsforcurbsidecollection中介紹的內(nèi)容“CardboardCerealBoxes,PastaBoxes,ShoeBoxes,Etc.(硬紙板箱，意大利面盒，鞋盒等。)”可知回收的東西都是紙質(zhì)類的，故一本過期的雜志將是回收的對象。故選A。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三行內(nèi)容“PaperProducts—pleasewraptheminplasticgrocerybagstoprotectfromrainandwind.(紙制品——請用塑料購物袋包裝，以防止風雨。)”可知，當居民處理可回收物時他們應該把紙制品用塑料袋包起來。故選D。BMostpeoplewhogoondietssoongainbackanylostweight,aUCLAstudysuggests.TraciMann,PhD,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUCLA,wasteachingaseminaronthepsychologyofeatingwhenshenoticedsomethingodd(奇怪的)aboutdietstudies.Fewofthestudiesfollowedupondietersformorethansixmonths.Evenfewerfolloweddietersforayearormore.Mannwonderedwhat,inthelongterm,reallyhappenswhenpeoplegoondiets.Sosheandherstudentstrackeddown31studiesthat,onewayoranother,hadatleastoneyearoffollowupdata.Theywereinterestedinjustonenumber:thepercentageofdieterswho,overtime,gainbackmoreweightthantheylose.“Wefoundthattheaveragepercentageofpeoplewhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylostondietswas41%,”ManntellsWebMD.“Ineachofthestudies,athirdtotwothirdsofthesubjectsgainedbackmoreweightthantheylost.”Doesthismeanthatmostofthepeopleinthestudiesactuallylostweightandkeptitoff?No,Mannsays.“Thisisactuallybleaker(更不樂觀的)thanitseems—eventhoughmostpeoplewouldfindthat41%numbertobeprettydepressing(令人沮喪的),”shesays.“Wehavestrongreasonstofeelthatthisnumberunderrepresentsthetruenumberofparticipantswhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylost.”MannandhercolleaguesreporttheirfindingsintheAprilissueofAmericanPsychologist.4.Wherecanwefindtheproblemswithdietstudies?A.InParagraph2. B.InParagraph3.CInParagraph2and3 D.InParagraph4and55.Whatdidtheyfindaftertrackingdown31studies?A.Fewstudiesfolloweddietersforayearorso.B.Moststudieshadoneyearoffollowupdata.C.Moreandmorepeoplewereontheirwaytodiet.D.Almostahalfofdietersgainedbackmoreweight.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"subjects"inParagraph4referto?A.Dietstudies. B.Dieters.C.Dietresearchers. D.Dietfindings.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DietsDon'tWorkLongterm B.LifestyleChangeIsReallyHardC.DietIsEasierSaidThanDone D.DietStudiesHaveTheirProblems【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了TraciMann和她的團隊的調(diào)查結果表明：節(jié)食減肥是不會長久有效的，甚至會出現(xiàn)體重的反彈?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關鍵句“TraciMann,PhD,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUCLA,wasteachingaseminaronthepsychologyofeatingwhenshenoticedsomethingodd(奇怪的)aboutdietstudies.”可知，TraciMann在教一個關于飲食心理學的研討課時，她注意到飲食研究中的一些奇怪的事情。再根據(jù)第二段關鍵句“Fewofthestudiesfollowedupondietersformorethansixmonths.Evenfewerfolloweddietersforayearormore.”可知，TraciMann發(fā)現(xiàn)很少有研究對節(jié)食者進行了超過六個月的跟蹤調(diào)查。跟蹤節(jié)食者一年或更長時間的人就更少了。由此可推斷出，在第二段中我們可以找到關于飲食研究上出現(xiàn)的問題，問題是沒有對節(jié)食者進行長時間的跟蹤調(diào)查。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段關鍵句“Wefoundthattheaveragepercentageofpeoplewhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylostondietswas41%”可知，通過對31項研究的追蹤調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時間的推移，有41%的人體重增加了，甚至比他們節(jié)食時減少的體重要多。由此可推斷出，通過對31項研究的追蹤調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾乎一半的節(jié)食者體重增加的數(shù)量比節(jié)食時減少的數(shù)量還要多。故選D項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。劃線詞所在句上一句告訴我們“通過追蹤調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，有41%的人體重增加了，甚至比他們節(jié)食時減少的體重要多”。劃線詞所在句意為：在每一項研究中，三分之一到三分之二的_____體重增加的幅度比他們減掉的要多。通過上句可知，是41%的參加節(jié)食減肥的人體重增加了，由此可推斷出，劃線詞所代表的應該是“節(jié)食減肥的人”。Dieters意為“節(jié)食者，減肥者”，符合句意。故選B項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容及第四段關鍵句“Wefoundthattheaveragepercentageofpeoplewhogainedbackmoreweightthantheylostondietswas41%”可知，文章主要講述了TraciMann和她的團隊通過對31項研究至少一年的追蹤調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時間的推移，有41%的節(jié)食減肥者體重增加的幅度比他們減掉的要多，這個百分比有可能會更多。由此可推斷出，文章主要是告我們一個研究結果：節(jié)食減肥不會有長久的效果，甚至會反彈。DietsDon'tWorkLongterm意為“節(jié)食減肥不能長久有效”，能夠概括文章主旨。故選A項。CAustralia,Franceor…Mars?Whenconsideringaplacetoemigrateto,Marsmightnotbethebestchoiceinyourlist,butaccordingtoanonlinesurvey,morethanoneintenofBritishwouldacceptaonewayticketthere.Yes,youreadthatcorrectly—becausetheMarsOnemissionislookingtoemigratetoMars,thefirstvoyagerswillnotbeabletoreturnbacktoEarth.Theorganizerssuggestapplicantsthinkovertheirapplications,becausetheagreementdidn’tewithareturnticket.Butstillthousandsofpeopleagreedtoit.TheMarsOneaimstoconstructahumansettlementonMars.Thankfully,applicationsfortheprogramareentirelyvoluntaryandpotentialastronautscanbackoutatanytimeduringthestrictselectionprocess.Inordertoapply,thecandidatemustbeover18,haveanA2Englishlevelandbeadaptableandcurious.Thefollowingselectionprocessconsistsoffourrounds.ThefirstroundisanonlineapplicationincludinggeneralinformationandaoneminutevideoinwhichtheapplicantanswerssomegivenquestionsandexplainswhyheorsheshouldbeamongthefirsthumanstosetfootonMars.Attheendofthefirstround,ateamofMarsOneexpertswilldecidewhichapplicantswillpasstothenextround.Theremainingapplicantsmustthenprovideamedicalstatementfromtheirdoctorstatingthattheyhavemetalltherequirements.SuccessfulcandidateswillthenbebrieflyinterviewedbyMarsOne’schiefmedicalofficerNorbertKraft.Onehundredhealthy,smartcandidatesaretheninthethirdroundwhichwilltesttheirteamworkabilityandmunicationskillsthroughaseriesofgroupchallenges.Thefinalpartofthetestingprocessistheabilitytostayalone.Eventhebestastronautsinhistorycanhardlyenjoythesilentspace.Followingthischallenge,thefortyremainingcandidateswillbereducedtothirtywhowillthenundergotheMarsSettlerSuitabilityInterview.Followingonfromthefirstselectionseries,internationalcrewsofuptosixgroupsoffourwillbeefulltimeemployeesofMarsOne.8.Whatistheorganizers’attitudetowardstheonlinesurveyresult?A.Understandable. B.Satisfied. C.Unexpected. D.Doubtful.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“backout”inparagraph2mean?A.Stopcarryingouttheagreement. B.Moveoutofspacebackwards.C.Driveaircraftsbackwardsandleave. D.Failtopayattentiontotheadvertisement.10.WhatdotheMarsOneexpertsmainlydointhefirstround?A.Testthecandidates’Englishlevel. B.Checkthebasicinformationofparticipants.C.Interviewthecandidatesandcollecttheforms. D.Determinewhethercandidatesareeagertolearn.11.Whatisthemostchallengingfortheparticipants?A.Theirskillstomunicatewithothers. B.Theirexcellentphysicalhealthatpresent.C.Theirabilitiestocooperatewiththeteam. D.Theirlongtimeadaptabilitytobeingalone.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。根據(jù)一項在線調(diào)查，超過十分之一的英國人愿意購買去火星的單程票，“火星一號”計劃的目標是移居火星，首批旅行者將無法返回地球。文章主要介紹這項申請的開展過程以及對參與者的要求和參與者會面臨的一些挑戰(zhàn)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theorganizerssuggestapplicantsthinkovertheirapplications,becausetheagreementdidn’tewithareturnticket.Butstillthousandsofpeopleagreedtoit.(組織者建議申請者考慮一下自己的申請，因為協(xié)議沒有附帶回程票。但還是有成千上萬的人同意了)”but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，可推知，組織者對在線調(diào)查結果感到意外。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Thankfully,applicationsfortheprogramareentirelyvoluntaryandpotentialastronautscan”以及后文“atanytimeduringthestrictselectionprocess”可知，該計劃的申請完全是自愿的，由此推知在嚴格的選拔過程中，未來的宇航員們可以隨時停止執(zhí)行協(xié)議。故畫線詞意思是“停止執(zhí)行協(xié)議”。故選A?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ThefirstroundisanonlineapplicationincludinggeneralinformationandaoneminutevideoinwhichtheapplicantanswerssomegivenquestionsandexplainswhyheorsheshouldbeamongthefirsthumanstosetfootonMars.Attheendofthefirstround,ateamofMarsOneexpertswilldecidewhichapplicantswillpasstothenextround.(第一輪是一份在線申請，包括基本信息和一分鐘的視頻。申請者在視頻中回答一些問題，并解釋為什么自己應該成為第一批踏上火星的人。第一輪投票結束后，“火星一號”的專家團隊將決定哪些申請人進入下一輪)”可知，火星一號專家在第一輪主要查看參與者的基本信息。故選B。11題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thefinalpartofthetestingprocessistheabilitytostayalone.Eventhebestastronautsinhistorycanhardlyenjoythesilentspace.(測試過程的最后一部分是獨處的能力。即使是歷史上最優(yōu)秀的宇航員也很難享受這個安靜的空間)”可知，對參與者來說，最具挑戰(zhàn)性的是他們對獨處的長期適應能力。故選D。DGettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusitbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslonglived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirsttimeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenoftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.12.ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause_______.A.theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironment.B.theythoughtbathhousesweretodirtytostayinC.theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbathsD.theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindisease13.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHenryIV'sattitudetobathing?A.Afraid B.CuriousC.Approving D.Uninterested14.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A.Byprovidingexamples. B.Bymakingparisons.C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime. D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tostresstheroleofdirt.B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt.D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt.【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了在大多數(shù)人看來，擺脫污垢是一件好事。然而，對于骯臟的態(tài)度并不是一成不變的。本文主要按照時間順序說明了人們對于污垢的看法是在不停地發(fā)生著變化。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasawaytoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillnessesin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.(16世紀早期，人們認為皮膚上的污垢是一種阻擋疾病的方法，醫(yī)學觀點認為，用熱水洗去污垢會打開皮膚，讓疾病進入。公共澡堂被認為是一個特別危險的地方。到1538年，法國國王關閉了國內(nèi)的澡堂。1546年英國國王也是如此。)”可知，這兩位國王關閉公共澡堂是因為澡堂洗澡會導致疾病的傳播。故選C項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.（法國國王亨利四世是出了名的骯臟。聽說一個貴族在洗澡，國王命令貴族不要外出，以免染上疾病。）”可推測出國王很害怕疾病的傳播，所以才把這位貴族驅(qū)逐出去。故選A項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.(在16世紀早期，人們認為皮膚上的污垢是一種阻擋疾病的手段，因為醫(yī)學觀點認為，用熱水洗掉污垢會打開皮膚，讓疾病進入)”；第三段第一句“Thoughthebeliefintheadvantageofdirtwaslonglived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.(盡管對污垢優(yōu)勢的信念由來已久，但從18世紀開始，污垢就不再被視為好鄰居了)”；以及最后一段中“Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.(如今，人們對污垢的態(tài)度仍然差別很大)”可知，文章從16世紀、18世紀到如今來說明人們對于污垢的看法，由此可推知，本文是按照時間的順序來組織全文的。故選C項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.（在大多數(shù)人看來，清除污垢是一件好事。然而，對于污垢的態(tài)度并不是一成不變的。）”可知在大多數(shù)人看來，擺脫污垢是一件好事。然而，對于骯臟的態(tài)度并不是一成不變的。結合本文主要按照時間順序說明了人們對于污垢的看法是在不停地發(fā)生著變化。由此可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是展示人們對污垢看法的變化。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Languageexpressesouridentityandreflectswhoweare,andwhowewanttobe.Everytimewespeak,wegivelistenersinformationaboutourselvesandwherewe'refrom.WhenwetravelaroundtheUnitedStatesweoftenhearpeopleask:Oh,areyoufromNewYork/Chicago/Texas?___16___Theirguessesmightbebasedonourphonology(alsocalledaccent)oronourchoiceofparticularvocabulary.Interestingly,manyofusconsiderourwayofspeakingtobeneutral(無傾向性的).It'shardforustohearfeaturesofourownspeechthatmightbeobvioustopeoplewhospeakotherdialects(方言).Languageexpertsusethetermdialecttomean"avarietysharedbyagroupofspeakers".___17___Busdrivers,teachers,yourneighbors,CEOsofFortune500paniesandyou(whetheryouknowitornot)speakadialect,too.___18___Andwhy?Theanswerdependsonwhoyouareandwhereyoulive.Weallrecognizethatsomelanguagesoundspleasantorcorrectorcooltousandsomesounds"uneducated"orjustplainbad.___19___Learningwhatwefeelaboutlanguageisimportanttosocietyforanumberofreasons.Often,childrenwhospeaknonstandarddialectsmaybeinaccuratelyclassifiedas"notknowingmuchEnglish"oreven"havingaspeechdefect(缺陷)＂,withterribleconsequencesforthem.Orpeoplewhoregularlymixwordsorphrasesfrommorethanonelanguagewithinsentencesarethoughttobeunabletospeakthelanguagesverywell.(Butusuallytheoppositeistrue.)Studyinglanguagehelpsuslearnabouttheremarkableresourcesofthehumanbrain.___20___Italsohelpsusexamineaformofsocialstereotypingwemaynothavebeenawareexisted.A.Therearealsomanyotherreasons.B.Oratleast,whereareyoufrom?C.Ithelpsuslearnmoreaboutsocialorganization.D.Clearly,theyknoweverythingaboutus.E.Withsomanydialects,whichoneisthebest?F.Bythisdefinition,everyonespeaksadialect.G.Butoneperson'sthumbsdownisanother'sthumbsup.【答案】16B17.F18.E19.G20.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了語言的作用，它能夠表明我們的身份等信息，了解我們對語言的感受對社會很重要并且研究語言能夠帶來很多好處?！?6題詳解】考查段中句。前文提到：語言表達了我們的身份，反映了我們是誰，我們想成為誰。每次我們說話時，我們都會向聽眾提供有關自己以及我們來自何處的信息。當我們在美國旅行時，經(jīng)常聽到人們問：哦，您來自紐約/芝加哥/德克薩斯州嗎？后文提到：他們的猜測可能是基于我們的音韻學，也叫口音，或者我們選擇的特定詞匯。B項（或者至少，你從哪兒來?）與上下文連接通順，該選項與前面的問題是在人們旅行時被問到的問題，人們問的這些問題是基于旅行者所說的話語的。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查段中句。前文提到：有趣的是，我們許多人認為我們的說話方式是中立的。對于說其他方言的人來說，我們很難聽到自己的語音特征。語言學家使用方言一詞來表示“一組說話者共享的一種變體”。后文提到：公共汽車司機，老師，您的鄰居，財富500強公司的首席執(zhí)行官以及您（無論您是否知道）也說方言。F項（按照這個定義，每個人都說一種方言。）與上下文連接通順，該選項中的definition指的是前一句語言學家對方言的定義，下文具體的舉例子說明每個人都講方言。故選F?！?8題詳解】考查段首句。后文提到：為什么呢？答案取決于你是誰，住在哪里。我們都認識到，某些語言聽起來對我們而言是令人愉快的或正確的或時尚的，而某些聲音則是“未受過教育的”或簡直就是不好的。E項（有那么多種方言，哪一種是最好的？）與下文連接通順，該選項中的somanydialects與上文每個人都講方言相對應，下文對之前的兩個問題進行了回答，即人們的身份和住址影響到人們對于方言的評價和判斷。故選E?！?9題詳解】考查段尾句。前文提到：有趣的是，我們許多人認為我們的說話方式是中立的。對于說其他方言的人來說，我們很難聽到自己的語音特征。語言學家使用方言一詞來表示“一組說話者共享的一種變體”。后文提到：公共汽車司機，老師，您的鄰居，財富500強公司的首席執(zhí)行官以及您（無論您是否知道）也說方言。G項（但是一個人認可的方言另一個人可能會不接受。）與上文連接通順，該選項中的thumbsup指的是人們對方言的認可和支持，thumbsdown指的是人們對方言的否定和批判。對一種方言的評價，不同的人有不同的看法。故選G?！?0題詳解】考查段中句。前文提到：學習語言有助于我們了解人腦的重要資源。后文提到：這也有助于我們研究一種我們可能不知道存在的社會定型觀念。C項（它可以幫助我們更多地了解社會組織。）與上下文連接通順，該段落連續(xù)使用三個句子來說明研究語言能夠帶來的好處。故選C。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ThroughoutmyhighschoolcareerI'vemadeapointofdoingwhatmanypeoplefailtodoonadailybasis：reflectandassessmylifeanddecisions.I'ma（n）___21___andIanalyzeandcontemplate（沉思）,sometimestoomuch,butalwayswiththeintentionof___22___somethingnewaboutmyself.Youmightbe___23___tolearnthatIdomybestthinkingnotintheclassroom,notinthebedroom,butinthebathroom.ThebathroomhasalwaysbeenaplacewhereIcansitin___24___.Theclosestthingtoa（n）___25___isapoliteknockonthedoor,andquietis___26___maintained.Bathroomsarealwayskeptclean,and___27___areprovidedforsufficientselfinspection.___28___,thebathroomistheidealplaceforreflection.Mybathroom,whichissituatedabrief___29___downthehallfrommybedroom,isawonderfulplacewhereIcantakefort.____30____alongdayofhardwork,I____31____formybathroomtoreflectonthepastdayandthedaysahead.Ithinkaboutmyfriendsandfamily,andwhatthey____32____tome.Ievenrealizethenumerous____33____thatIhaverecentlymade,and____34____toputthemright.ThethinkingIdointhebathroom—whetheritisa____35____aboutmyfutureasarockstar,ortherealizationthatmymotherwasinfactcorrectisimportanttome.Takingthetimetothinkandreflecthas____36____metomakegooddecisions.AndthenIwill____37____whatisimportanttome.Insteadoflivingmylife____38____,I'vemadeachoicetothinkdeeplyandkeepthingsinperspective.Tome,thebathroomisnotaplaceto____39____thechallengesofreality,butratheraplaceto____40____thosechallengesthroughthepowerofhumanintelligence.21.A.doctor B.thinker C.observer D.reader22.A.learning B.recording C.mentioning D.abandoning23.A.worried B.surprised C.excited D.disappointed24.A.regret B.patience C.pride D.peace25.A.celebration B.invitation C.description D.interruption26.A.poorly B.quickly C.continually D.occasionally27.A.mirrors B.pictures C.cameras D.towels28.A.Atpresent B.Onaverage C.Atlast D.Inshort29.A.ride B.walk C.jump D.roll30.A.After B.Until C.Before D.As31.A.wait B.prepare C.head D.stand32.A.introduce B.refer C.give D.mean33.A.mistakes B.promises C.goals D.challenges34.A.afford B.forget C.attempt D.refuse35.A.duty B.rule C.fantasy D.project36.A.begged B.allowed C.ordered D.forced37.A.callon B.relyon C.focuson D.liveon38.A.blindly B.slowly C.unluckily D.painfully39.A.accept B.remember C.delay D.escape40.A.avoid B.conquer C.meet D.create【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.D26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A31.C32.D33.A34.C35.C36.B37.C38.A39.D40.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過談論自己的浴室反思行動，講述了作者高中生涯中，一直在做許多人每天都沒有做的事情：反思和評估自己的生活和決定?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我是一個思考者，我分析和思考，有時太多，但總是為了了解自己的新東西。A.doctor醫(yī)生；B.thinker思考者；C.observer觀察者；D.reader讀者。根據(jù)后文“Ianalyzeandcontemplate”以及“Idomybestthinking”，結合選項可知，作者是個思考者。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動名詞詞義辨析。句意：我是一個思考者，我分析和思考，有時太多，但總是為了了解有關自己的新東西。A.learning學習，認識到；B.recording記錄；C.mentioning提到；D.abandoning放棄。根據(jù)前文“Ianalyzeandcontemplate”以及后文“somethingnewaboutmyself”可知，作者總是在學習了解有關自己的新東西。故選A項。23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，我最好的思考不是在教室里，不是在臥室里，而是在浴室里。A.worried擔憂的；B.surprised驚訝的；C.excited激動的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)常識及后文“Idomybestthinkingnotintheclassroom,notinthebedroom,butinthebathroom”可知，作者的思考習慣似乎和常人不同，所以作者認為讀者可能會對此感到“驚訝”。故選B項。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：浴室一直是一個我可以安靜坐著的地方。A.regret遺憾；B.patience耐心；C.pride驕傲；D.peace和平，安靜。根據(jù)后文“andquietis___6___maintained”可知，作者在浴室里可以保持安靜。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最接近打斷的事情就是禮貌地敲門，然后就會持續(xù)保持安靜。A.celebration慶祝；B.invitation邀請；C.description描述；D.interruption打斷。根據(jù)常識及后文“apoliteknockonthedoor”可知，禮貌地敲門聲可能會打斷這種安靜。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最接近打斷的事情就是禮貌地敲門，然后就會持續(xù)保持安靜。A.poorly糟糕地；B.quickly迅速地；C.continually不停地，持續(xù)地；D.occasionally偶然地。基于前文的分析，根據(jù)語境及前文“Theclosestthingtoa（n）___5___isapoliteknockonthedoor”可知，除了敲門聲以外，這種安靜會持續(xù)保持下去。故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：浴室經(jīng)常保持清潔，并提供鏡子，以充分自我檢查。A.mirrors鏡子；B.pictures圖畫；C.cameras相機；D.towels毛巾。根據(jù)常識及后文“forsufficientselfinspection”可知，浴室里面要有鏡子才能看到自我，并充分自我檢查。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：簡而言之，浴室是沉思的理想場所。A.Atpresent目前；B.Onaverage平均；C.Atlast最后；D.Inshort簡言之。根據(jù)文章結構發(fā)展以及后文“thebathroomistheidealplaceforreflection”內(nèi)容可知，這是對上文的概括總結。故選D項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的浴室離我的臥室只有幾步之遙，是一個讓我感到舒適的好地方。A.ride乘車，騎；B.walk步行，步行距離；C.jump跳躍；D.roll滾動。根據(jù)常識可知，浴室距離臥室只有幾步之遙，并且一般都是步行去。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過一天的辛苦工作，我走向浴室，反思過去的一天和未來的日子。A.After在……之后；B.Until直到；C.Before在……之前；D.As當……時。根據(jù)常識及句意可知，“I___11___formybathroomtoreflectonthepastdayandthedaysahead”發(fā)生在“alongdayofhardwork”之后，故應用連詞after連接。故選A項?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過一天的辛苦工作，我走向浴室，反思過去的一天和未來的日子。A.wait等待；B.prepare準備；C.head朝……方向走；D.stand站立。根據(jù)前文“___8___,thebathroomistheidealplaceforreflection.”可知，浴室是作者沉思的理想場所，所以作者在一天工作后，走向浴室，反思過去，展望未來。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我想到我的朋友和家人，以及他們對我的意義。A.introduce介紹；B.refer參考，提及；C.give給；D.mean意思是，意味著?；谇拔牡姆治隹芍?，浴室是作者沉思的場所，根據(jù)前文“Ithinkaboutmyfriendsandfamily”可知，此處指作者想到家人朋友對他的意義。故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我甚至意識到我最近犯了許多錯誤，并試圖改正它們。A.mistakes錯誤；B.promises承諾；C.goals目標；D.challenges挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文“and___14___toputthemright”可知，此處指作者所犯錯誤。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我甚至意識到我最近犯了許多錯誤，并試圖改正它們。A.afford買得起；B.forget忘記；C.attempt企圖；D.refuse拒絕?；谇拔牡姆治觯鶕?jù)后文“toputthemright”可知，作者在反思過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，所以指，試圖改正錯誤。故選C項。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在浴室里的想法——無論是幻想我將來成為一個搖滾明星，還是意識到我母親其實是正確的——對我來說很重要。A.duty任務；B.rule規(guī)則；C.fantasy幻想；D.project項目。根據(jù)后文“aboutmyfutureasarockstar”可知，此處指還未必能實現(xiàn)的“幻想”。故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：花時間去思考和反思讓我能夠做出好的決定。A.begged祈求；B.allowed允許，使……有可能；C.ordered命令；D.forced強迫。根據(jù)常識和句意可知，花時間去思考和反思是做出好的決定的條件，它使作者做出正確決定成為可能。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：然后我會專注于對我來說重要的事情。A.callon拜訪；B.relyon依靠；C.focuson專注于；D.liveon依靠……生活。根據(jù)后文“I'vemadeachoicetothinkdeeplyandkeepthingsinperspective”可知，作者會專注于重要的事情。故選C項。【38題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有盲目地生活，而是深入地思考，正確地看待事物。A.blindly盲目地；B.slowly慢慢地；C.unluckily不幸地；D.painfully痛苦地。根據(jù)后文“I'vemadeachoicetothinkdeeplyandkeepthingsinperspective”可知，作者沒有盲目地生活。故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：對我來說，浴室不是一個逃避現(xiàn)實挑戰(zhàn)的地方，而是一個通過人類智慧的力量征服這些挑戰(zhàn)的地方。A.accept接受；B.remember記??；C.delay延遲；D.escape逃脫?；谇拔牡姆治?，根據(jù)后“butratheraplaceto___20___thosechallengesthroughthepowerofhumanintell