第4講 數(shù)詞（學(xué)生版不帶答案）

第份初中語(yǔ)法講義數(shù)詞年月日 第4章數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少或順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞。表示順序次第的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞的用法相當(dāng)于名詞或者形容詞?；鶖?shù)詞：one一；two二；three三；thirteen十三序數(shù)詞：thefirst第一；thesecond第二；thethird第三；thethirteenth第十三1.數(shù)詞的詞形英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)詞有兩種，即基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，它們是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的。如下表所示：數(shù)基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞1onefirst8eighteighth2twosecond9nineninth3threethird10tententh4fourfourth11eleveneleventh5fivefifth12twelvetwelfth6sixsixth13thirteenthirteenth7sevenseventh20twentytwentieth1.基數(shù)詞的詞形A.1-12的表示法見(jiàn)上述表格。B.13-19的基數(shù)詞，在個(gè)位數(shù)上加后綴-teen構(gòu)成，并有兩個(gè)重音。thirteen[?θ???ti?n]13fifteen[?f?f?ti?n]15eighteen[?e??ti?n]18nineteen[?na?n?ti:n]19C.20-90各整十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞都以ty結(jié)尾。twenty[?twenti]20thirty[?θ??ti]30D.在21-99之間的非整十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞要在十位和個(gè)位之間加連字符號(hào)“-”。twenty-one21forty-five45E.三位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞要在百位和十位（若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位）之間加and。onehundredandfifty-six156twohundredandfour204eighthundredandten810F.1000以上的數(shù)字，從后向前數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)空格；第一個(gè)空格前為thousand（千），第二個(gè)空格前為million（百萬(wàn)）。twothousand(and)eight2008thirty-fivethousand,fourhundred(and)fifty-six35456注意：hundred，thousand，million前若有具體數(shù)字，要用單數(shù)。泛指時(shí)，如果它們后面有of，則要用復(fù)數(shù)，且前面不能再加具體數(shù)目，它們不表示確切數(shù)字。twothousand兩千thousandsof成千上萬(wàn)hundredsof成百上千Severalhundredsofchildrenlosttheirlivesinthewar.（成百上千名兒童在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中喪生。）2.序數(shù)詞的詞形A.序數(shù)詞除了first（第一），second（第二），third（第三）外，4-19的序數(shù)詞都是在基數(shù)詞后加詞尾-th構(gòu)成，th讀作[θ]。注意第五、第八、第九、第十二這幾個(gè)詞。fifth第五e(cuò)ighth第八ninth第九twelfth第十二B.20-90各整十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞是將其相應(yīng)基數(shù)詞詞尾-ty改寫成-tieth。twentieth第二十thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九十C.其他的序數(shù)詞是將個(gè)位數(shù)改成序數(shù)詞，而十、百、千等位上的數(shù)仍然用基數(shù)詞。(the)thirty-first第三十一(the)forty-second第四十二(the)fifty-third第五十三(the)ninety-ninth第九十九(the)onehundred(and)first第一百零一切記：需要特別記憶的數(shù)字nine九theninth第九nineteen十九ninety九十D.序數(shù)詞在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中經(jīng)常以縮寫形式出現(xiàn)。1st2nd3rd11th21st32nd44th63rd89th101st1000th1002nd2.數(shù)詞的基本用法數(shù)詞既有名詞性質(zhì)，又有形容詞性質(zhì)。數(shù)詞相當(dāng)于名詞時(shí)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。數(shù)詞相當(dāng)于形容詞時(shí)，在句中作定語(yǔ)?；鶖?shù)詞還能作同位語(yǔ)。（1）數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.（他們中的30人是黨員。）Doyouseethosecupsonthedesk?ThesecondisMary’s.（你看到桌子上的那些茶杯了嗎？第二個(gè)是瑪麗的。）（2）數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)Twotimesfouriseight.（2乘以4等于8。）Hewasthefourthtoarrive.（他是第四個(gè)到的。）（3）數(shù)詞作賓語(yǔ)Therearetenfootballsandyoumayborrowthreeofthem.（這兒有10個(gè)足球，你可以借3個(gè)。）Pleasepassmethesecond.（請(qǐng)遞給我第二個(gè)。）（4）數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)ThenineboysarefromTianjin.（這九個(gè)男孩都來(lái)自天津。）TheninthboyisfromTianjin.（第九個(gè)男孩來(lái)自天津。）（序數(shù)詞前要用定冠詞the來(lái)修飾）（5）數(shù)詞作同位語(yǔ)（只限基數(shù)詞）Wetwowillgowithyou.（我們兩個(gè)將和你一起去。）Canyouhelpusthreewithourmaths?（你可以幫我們?nèi)齻€(gè)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)嗎？）3.數(shù)詞的實(shí)際應(yīng)用（1）數(shù)詞表示排列順序第一章：ChapterOne/theFirstChapter第二節(jié)：SectionTwo/theSecondSection第三課：LessonThree/theThirdLesson說(shuō)明：表示章節(jié)的方式要表示章節(jié)的順序，可以用基數(shù)詞，也可以用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)然還可以直接用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示，如Chapter1。第463頁(yè)：pagefoursixthree第507頁(yè)：pagefiveo[??]/zeroseven第2564頁(yè)：pagetwofivesixfour/twenty-fivesixty-four補(bǔ)充：表示頁(yè)碼的方式如果頁(yè)碼的數(shù)字太長(zhǎng)，可以把數(shù)字拆開(kāi)來(lái)，一個(gè)個(gè)用基數(shù)詞來(lái)表示，讀時(shí)可一個(gè)個(gè)分開(kāi)讀。305房間：Roomthreeo/zerofive長(zhǎng)安街76號(hào)：seventy-sixChang’anStreet11路公共汽車：Bus(No.)eleven/No.11bus說(shuō)明：用No.(number)表示數(shù)字時(shí)，用基數(shù)詞。（2）數(shù)詞表示年齡A.表示某人的年齡，一般情況下直接用基數(shù)詞。A:Howoldisyoursister?（你妹妹多大了？）B:Sheisseven.（她7歲了。）Atthirtyyearsold,hehadalreadyearned?400000ayear.（他30歲的時(shí)候，已拿到40萬(wàn)英鎊的年薪了。）B.當(dāng)表示一個(gè)人有三十多歲、四十多歲時(shí)，要用下列固定短語(yǔ)。inone’sthirties在某人三十幾歲時(shí)inone’sforties在某人四十幾歲時(shí)OurEnglishteacherisinherforties.（我們的英語(yǔ)老師四十多歲。）（3）數(shù)詞表示年代、日期和時(shí)刻A.年代是四位數(shù)字時(shí)，各分成兩位來(lái)表示。公元2025年：2025(=twentytwenty-five)公元2000年：2000(=theyeartwothousandA.D.)B.日期通常用序數(shù)詞來(lái)表示。5月10日：May10th(=Maythetenth)7月1日：July1st(=Julythefirst)12月2日：December2nd(=Decemberthesecond)C.時(shí)刻通常用基數(shù)詞來(lái)表示。9點(diǎn)整：9:00(=nineo’clock)8點(diǎn)45分：8:45(=eightforty-five)11點(diǎn)26分：11:26(=eleventwenty-six)2點(diǎn)2分：2:02(=twotwo)重要：past和to等表示時(shí)刻如果過(guò)了半點(diǎn)，用to，反之用past。12點(diǎn)48分（差12分到1點(diǎn)）：twelvetoone7點(diǎn)12分：twelvepastseven15分鐘：aquarter（四分之一）半小時(shí)：ahalf（二分之一）（4）數(shù)詞表示電話號(hào)碼10086：onedoublezeroeightsix204-2244：twozerofourtwotwofourfour2358867：twothreefivedoubleeightsixseveonethreeonetwodoublezeroeightonesixnineseven補(bǔ)充：數(shù)字0可以讀作[??]或zero。兩個(gè)相同數(shù)字重疊，如22、44，可以讀作doubletwo，doublefour。（5）數(shù)詞表示小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)A.數(shù)詞表示小數(shù)小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的數(shù)按照基數(shù)詞讀，小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point。小數(shù)點(diǎn)后的詞，按照個(gè)位基數(shù)詞順序讀出。4.96：fourpointninesix34.08：thirty-fourpointzeroeight178.6：onehundredandseventy-eightpointsix1001.54：onethousandandonepointfivefourB.數(shù)詞表示分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示，讀分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)要先讀分子然后再讀分母。分子超過(guò)1，則在分母（序數(shù)詞）后加s。如果一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)有整數(shù)部分，整數(shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)之間要加and。1/4：one-fourth=aquarter4/5：four-fifths2又1/2：twoandahalf7又5/8：sevenandfiveeighthsC.數(shù)詞表示百分?jǐn)?shù)符號(hào)%讀作percent[p?'sent]。5%：fivepercent100%：ahundredpercent0.36%：zeropointthreesixpercent126%：onehundredandtwenty-sixpercentWehavefinishedeightypercentofit.（我們已完成了80%。）（6）數(shù)詞表示數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算加plus/and減minus乘以times/multipliedby除以dividedbyA:Howmuchistwoplus/andtwo?（2加2等于多少？）B:Twoplus/andtwoisfour.（2加2等于4。）A:Howmuchistenminusfive?（10減5等于多少？）B:Tenminusfiveisequaltofive.（10減5等于5。）A:Howmuchistwenty-fivetimesfour?（25乘4等于多少？）B:Twenty-fivetimesfourisequaltoonehundred.（25乘4等于100。）A:Howmuchisonehundreddividedbyten?（100除以10等于多少？）B:Onehundreddividedbytenisequaltoten.（100除以10等于10。）重要：“除以”還可以用“over”表達(dá)。如上述例句還可以表達(dá)如下：A:Howmuchisonehundredoverten?（100除以10等于多少？）B:Onehundredovertenisequaltoten.（100除以10等于10。）Hehastriedonceandhewantstotryasecondtime.=Hehastriedonceandhewantstotryagain.（他試了一次，他想再試一次。）說(shuō)明：a+序數(shù)詞表示再一次序數(shù)詞前有時(shí)加不定冠詞a表示再一次，相當(dāng)于again。（7）數(shù)詞表示次數(shù)當(dāng)我們表達(dá)“一次”的概念時(shí)，用once；“兩次”用twice；“三次以上”用“基數(shù)詞+times”，如：ninetimes（九次）。Iusuallygotoseemyaunttwiceamonth.ButlastmonthIvisitedherfourtimes,forshewasill.（我通常每個(gè)月去看望我姑姑兩次。但是上個(gè)月她生病了，因此我去看望了她四次。）補(bǔ)充：英語(yǔ)一般用下面的結(jié)構(gòu)表示“每逢”“每隔”的概念：every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Igotothesupermarketeverysecondday.（我每隔一天去一次超市。）=Igotothesupermarketeverytwodays.（我每?jī)商烊ヒ淮纬小＃￤evisitourparentseverytwoweeks.（我們每?jī)芍芸赐淮胃改?。）CommonMistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）陷阱例題①Nowchildren,turntopage__________andlookatthe__________pictureinLessonTwo.【上海中考】A.twentieth;oneB.twenty;oneC.twentieth;firstD.twenty;first句意提示：同學(xué)們，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)翻到第20頁(yè)，看第二課的第一幅畫(huà)。陷阱追擊：本題考查基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法。在數(shù)詞的表示中，基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞很容易誤用。本題容易誤選B。正確解析：數(shù)字在前用序數(shù)詞，數(shù)字在后用基數(shù)詞。如本題的pagetwenty（第20頁(yè)），thefirstpicture（第一幅畫(huà)）。正確答案為D。陷阱例題②Thedoctorworkedfor__________aftertwelveo’clock.【河北中考】A.twomorehoursB.twoanotherhourC.moretwohoursD.anothertwohour句意提示：12點(diǎn)鐘以后醫(yī)生又工作了2個(gè)小時(shí)。陷阱追擊：another修飾數(shù)詞時(shí)，要放在數(shù)詞前。如果不了解another與more的位置，會(huì)誤選B或C。D項(xiàng)中的hour應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。正確解析：more修飾數(shù)詞時(shí)，要放在數(shù)詞之后。正確答案為A。陷阱例題③Oursummerholidayiscoming.Two__________thestudentsinourschoolwillgothebeach.【重慶中考】A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof句意提示：暑假快到了，我們學(xué)校的200個(gè)學(xué)生將去海灘。陷阱追擊：本題考查數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)的用法。hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百萬(wàn)）等表示確定數(shù)目“……百”“……千”“……百萬(wàn)”時(shí)不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。容易誤選D。正確解析：200個(gè)學(xué)生是確定數(shù)目，hundred不加s。正確答案為C。陷阱例題④Ifyougooutatnight,you’llbeabletosee__________stars.【福州中考】A.thousandofB.thousandsofC.thousandD.thousands句意提示：如果你晚上出去，就能夠看到成千上萬(wàn)顆星星。陷阱追擊：本題考查thousand表示不確切數(shù)目時(shí)的用法。容易誤選A。正確解析：“hundreds/thousands/millions+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“數(shù)以百/千/百萬(wàn)計(jì)的（成千上萬(wàn)的）……”。正確答案為B。FinalCheck（實(shí)力測(cè)驗(yàn)）1.選擇填空1.A:What’sfiveandeight?B:__________.A.TwelveB.ThirteenC.FourteenD.Fifteen2.Isthatgirl__________?A.ingradefourB.inFourGradeC.inGradeFourD.infourgrade3.A:Howoldisyourfather?B:Heis__________.A.fourty-oneB.fourtyfirstC.forty-oneD.fortyfirst4.What__________isLiLeiin?Heisin__________.A.Row;rowfiveB.Row;RowFiveC.row;RowFiveD.row;rowFive5.Shewentdowntothevillagewhichwas__________milesawayfromherhouse.A.threehundredB.severalhundredsC.threehundredsD.threehundredsof6.Theteacheraskedustowritea__________inonehour.A.two-hundred-wordcompositionB.twohundredwordscompositionC.twohundredswordscompositionD.twohundredsofwordscomposition2.漢譯英1.一個(gè)半小時(shí)___________________________2.在三樓_______________________________3.一個(gè)五個(gè)月大的嬰兒___________________4.210房間_____________________________5.第22路公共汽車______________________6.一篇500字的作文_____________________【課后作業(yè)】1.______ofthestudentsinourclass_______fromthecountry.A.Threefifth,isB.Threefifths,areC.Thirdfives,areD.Threefive,is2.Wewillhavea_________holidayaftertheexam.A.twomonthB.two-monthC.twomonth’sD.two-months3.Shakespearewasbornin???.A.1660s?????B.1660's?????C.the1660?????D.the1660s4.AlthoughIhavefailedfourtimes,myfatherencouragedmetohave______try.A.afifth????B.afive?????C.thefive?????D.thefifth?5.Pleaseturntothe______page(twenty-four)andreadLesson_______.(twelfth)6.Thisismy_________timetoseetheinterestingfilmondetectives.(two)7.Weshallhaveaholidayafterthefinalexam.A.threeweeksB.three-weekC.threeweek’sD.three–weeks8.ofthesurfaceoftheearthcoveredwithwater.A.Seven-tens...areB.Seven-tens.IsC.Seven-tenths...isD.Seven-tenth...are9.Attheendofthefirsthalfwewerewinning____________.A.twofirstB.twofromoneC.twotooneD.secondtofirst10.Ourbagsaretooheavytocarry.Thereare_______booksineachofthem.A.twotensB.tensofC.atenD.a-ten11.Whatwillmylovelysonbelike______?A.intwentyyear timeB.intwentyyearstimeC.intwentyyears’timeD.intwentyyear’stime12.__________ofthenewstudentsshouldgotoRoom411totaketheentranceexamination.A.TwohundredsB.HundredsC.TwohundredD.Hundred13.PeoplesendtextmessagestogreeteachotherNewYear’sEve.A.inB.onC.atD.of14.Sallyalwaystalksaboutherhomeworkwithherfriend________thephone.A.ofB.inC.atD.on15.Wewereaskedtochecktheanswers_______discussingwitheachother.A.byB.inC.ofD.with16.__________ofthecoats__________madeofcotton.Theyfeelcomfortable.A.Two-thirds;isB.Two-thirds;areC.Two-third;isD.Two–third;are17.–CanIhelpyou?--Yes,I’dlike_______formytwindaughters.A.twopairofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairsofshoesD.twopairsofshoe18.We’llhaveaholiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?A.twodaysB.two-dayC.two-daysD.two-days’19.I'veaskedhertwice.ShallIaskher_________?A.athirdtimeB.threetimesC.thirdtimeD.thethirdtime20.Wewillhavea_________holidayaftertheexam。A.twomonthB.two-monthC.twomonth’sD.two-months21.Afterathree-dayheavyrain,thelakerose________.A.twofeetandahalfB.twoandahalffeetC.twoandhalffeetD.twofootandahalf22.Theone-year-oldboyissmartandheisabletocountuptothe________number.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredthD.hundredsof23.After________talk,theydecidedtobuyanewflatwithalargesitting-room.A.twohourB.twohours’C.two-hoursD.twohours24.Rosereceivedaletterfulloflovefromherparentsonher______birthday.A.sixteenB.sixteen’sC.sixteenthD.sixteenths25.Morethan70_____peoplecometovisitthemuseumeveryday.A.hundredsofB.hundredsofC.hundredsD.hundred26.Mybrotherhaspromisedtogive_____hisstampstome,andIamveryexcitednow.A.onehundredB.onehundredofC.hundredsD.hundredsof27.Thereareabout________studentsinourschool.A.twothousandofB.twothousandsC.twothousandsofD.twothousand28.IwastoldtheywouldstayinChinafor________.A.oneandahalfyearsB.oneandahalfyearC.oneandhalfyearsD.onehalfandoneyear29.Inaleapyear,thereare________daysinFebruary.A.twentynineB.twenty-ninthC.twenty-nineD.twenty-eight30.Thenewly-builtbridgeisabout________wide.fifteenmetresfifteenmetres’fifteen-metrefifteenmetre31.______ofthestudentsinourclass_______fromthecountry.A.Threefifth,isB.Threefifths,areC.Thirdfives,areD.Threefive,is32.Wewillhavea_________holidayaftertheexam.A.twomonthB.two-monthC.twomonth’sD.two-months33.Ittookme_______tofindoutthekeytothedrawer.A.oneandhalfhoursB.oneandahalfhoursC.oneandahalfhourD.onehourandhalf34.ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrive_______.A.inquarterpastsixB.inaquarterpastsixC.atquarterpastsixD.ataquarterpastsix35.Almost____oftheapple______gonebad.A.three-fourths,hasB.three-four,hasC.three-fourths,haveD.three-fourth,have36.Bothoftherulersarebroken.Iwanttobuya______one.A.threeB.thirdC.fourthD./37.Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?__________,butI'mnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred38.TheCNTowerinCanadais________.A.fivehundredandfifty-threepointthirty-threemetershighB.fivehundredandfifty-threepointthirty-threemetersinheight.C.fivehundredandfifty-threepointthreethreemetersinheight.D.fivehundredfifty-threepointthreethreemetershigh.39.ItwasagreathonourforTuYoyotowintheNobelPrizeformedicineinher.A.eightiesB.eightyC.eightiethD.eightieths40.Pleasewritedownthenewwordsinthetextof_______.A.LessonElevenB.theLessonElevenC.LessonEleventhD.EleventhLesson41. —Howdeepisthewell?—It’s________.A．fourmeterdeepB．tenmetersdeepC．ten-meterdeepD．ten-meters-deep42.______ofthesurfaceof