職稱英語衛(wèi)生類c級(jí)模擬46

職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)模擬46

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

1、Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

A.simplicityB.attractionC.powerD.

rigor

2、Unabletocontrolhimselfzhetorethephonefromhiswife*shand,thenfrom

thesocket,andthrowitacrosstheroom.

A.restrainB.refreshC.releaseD.relieve

3、Michaelisnowmerelyagoodfriend.

A.largelyB.possibly

C.justD.rarely

4、Peoplewhodonotsleepenoughtendtobecomeirritable.

A.easilyannoyedB.ill

C.wearyD.stiffandsore

5、Enamel,thehardestsubstanceinahumanbeing1sbody,coverstheentirecrown

ofthetooth.

A.wholeB.inseparableC.superficialD,main

6、Heissaidtobesufferingfromterminalcancerandhasaskedforeuthanasia

（安樂死）.

A.acuteB.chronicC.finalD.fatal

7、Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

A.wasteB.buy

C.useD.sell

8、Mr.Henleyhasacceleratedhissaleofsharesoverthepastyear.

A.heldB.increasedC.expectedD.

offered

9、Itisuselesstoarguewithhimoncehehasmadeuphismind.

A.settledB.solved

C.saidD.decided

10、Thousandsofpeopleperishedinthestorm.

A.diedB.suffered

C.floatedD.scattered

11NHeimpressedallhiscolleaguesasavigorousmanintheprimeofhiscareer.

A.hot-temperedB.healthyC.friendlyD.

patient

12>Maryislookingforthebookshelostyesterday

A.tryingtofindB.tryingtoread

C.tryingtobuyD.tryingtoborrow

13>Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth.

A.takeoutB.repairC.pullD.dig

14、Thelittleboycan11discriminatetherightthingfromthewrongone.

A.judgeB.assessC.distinguishD.

recognize

15、Thestudyalsonotesasteadydeclineinthenumberofcollegestudents

takingsciencecourses.

A.relativeB.generalC.

continuousD.sharp

第2部分：閱讀判斷

UsingHIVVirustoCureCancer

Scientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency（免疫缺陷）virus（HIV）,

1

oneofmankindsmostfearedviruseszasacarrierofgeneswhichcanfight

cancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhas

analmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody*simmune（免疫的）defenseszmaking

itidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients1bodies,accordingto

theObserver.

AteamattheCalifornia-basedSalkInstitutezoneoftheworld'sleading

researchcentersonbiologicalsciences,hascreatedaspecialnewbreedof

HIVandhasstartednegotiationswiththeUSFoodandDrugAdministration

（FDA.tobeginclinicalgenetherapy（治療）trialsthisyear.Thefirsttrials

areexpectedtoinvolvepatientssufferingfromcancersthatcannotbecured

bysurgeryalthoughprojectleaderProfessorInderVermasaidtheHIVtechnique

wouldhave"farwiderapplications".

Theplanremainsverylikelytocausecontroversysinceitinvolvesmaking

useofaviruswhichhascausedmorethan22milliondeathsaroundtheworld

inthepasttwodecades.VermasaidthattheideaofusingHIVforabeneficial

purposewas"shocking"butthefiercenatureofHIVhaddisappearedbyhaving

allsixofthepotentiallydeadlygenesremoved.

Illnessessuchasvariouscancersarecausedwhenageneinapatient*s

bodyfailstoworkproperly.Inthepasttwoyearszbreakthroughsingenetics

（遺傳學(xué)）haveledgenetherapyscientiststotryandreplacethegenesthat

donotfunctionnormally.

Unfortunately,thebody1simmunedefenseshavebeenknowntoattackthe

modifiedgenesandmakethemlosetheireffectsbeforetheycanstarttheir

taskandprogressinthefieldhasbeenheldupbythelackofasuitable

carrier.

TheHIVvirushastheabilitytoescapefrom,andthendestroy,theimmune

defenseceilsdesignedtoprotectourbodiesandthismakesitattractive

toscientistsasawayofsecretlyconveyingreplacementgenesintopatients1

bodies.

16>FDAhasapprovedtheplanofusingHIVtocurecancerinhumans.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>TheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposehasbeenwidelyaccepted.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>HIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyil*thedeadlygeneshavebeen

removed.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、TheHIVvirusisanexcellentwarriortofightthebody1simmunecells.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Othercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinicalgenetherapytrials

soon.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Itisthelackofmoneythathashelduptheprogressinusingreplacement

genestocurecancer.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindevelopedcountries.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

1.Moreeffortsarebeingmadetowardenvironmentallysafeworkplaces.An

environmentalpolicyresearchorganizationhasdonethatinWashington,D.C.

TheWorldResourcesInstitutere-designeditsofficetomakeitsaferfor

peopleandtheenvironment.Thisnewly-designedofficeiscalleda"green"

office.

2.Thenewlydesignedofficewasmadewithenvironmentallysafebuilding

materialsinsteadofbuildingproductsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.

Forexample,theflooroftheofficeismadeofbark（樹皮）fromacorktree.

Thebarkofacorktreewillrenewitselfsothetreedoesnotdie.Thecork

flooralsofeelsgoodtostandon.

3.Thefloorinanotherpartoftheofficeismadeofbamboo（竹子）.Bamboo

isafast-growinggrassthatquicklyreplacesitself.Otherareasofthefloor

arecoveredwithcarpeting.However,unlikemanyofficeszthecarpetwasmade

withoutharmfulchemicals.

4.Storageareasintheofficearemadefromthecrushedshellsofsunflower

seeds.Theofficedoorsaremadefrompressedwheatstraw.Wheatstrawis

anagriculturewasteproductthatwouldnormallybeburned.Thatprocessadds

chemicalstotheatmosphere.

5.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialsalsochoselightingandother

electricalequipmentthatuselessenergy.And,theyimprovedtheir

communicationsystems.Newvideocommunicationequipmentletsworkerssee

andtalktopeopleinothercities.Thenewequipmentwasaddedtoreduce

theamountoftravelbyofficeworkers.Thatreducestheamountofharmful

gasesthatarereleasedintotheatmospherebycarsorplanes.

6.Theorganization*sofficialsalsoannouncedaplanthatwouldreduce

harmfulcarbondioxidegasesfromtheirofficebytheyear2005.

7.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialssaythecostofbuildinga"green11

officeissimilartothatofatraditionaloffice.Theysaybuildingmore

"green"officescouldleadtoahealthierenvironment.Theysayahealthy

environmentandastrongeconomycanexisttogether.Theorganizationsays

itiscreatingaworkenvironmentthatisbetterforpeople.

23、Para1

24、Para2

25、Para6

26、Para7

A.Aplantoreduceharmfulgasesfromoffices

B.A"green"officesaferforpeople

C.Thedecorationofthegreenoffice

D.Thematerialsofthegreenoffice

E.Morethingstodoforabetterworkenvironment

F.Thecostofthegreenoffice

27、Theflooroftheofficeismadeofbarkfrom

28、Thefloorinanotherofficeismadeof_______.

29、Storageareasaremadeofcrushedshellsof_______

30、Thedoorsaremadefrompressed_______.

A.wheatstraw.

B.bamboo

C,bark

D.corktree

E.sunflowerseed：

F.grass

第4部分：閱讀理解

弟扁

31>Shewasthepeoplewhoworkedthere.

A.criticizedby

B.dislikedby

C.popularwith

D.keptawayfrom

Late-nightDrinking

Coffeeloversbeware.Havingaquick"pick-me-up"cupofcoffeellatein

thedaywillplayhavocwithyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulant,caffeine

interruptstheflowofmelatonin,thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleinto

asleep.

Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.

Levelsthenpeakbetween2a.m.and4a.m.,beforefallingagain."It*s

theneurohormonethatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleep

andwhentowake,nsaysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemio1ogy

ResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsrael

havefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody1slevelsofthissleep

hormone.

LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversity

foundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffee

thanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecal.Onaverage,subjectsslept336

minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffee,comparedwith415minutes

afterdecal.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff-twiceaslongasusual-and

jiggedaroundinbedtwiceasmuch.

Inthesecondphaseoftheexperiment,theresearcherswolfethevolunteers

everythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurinesample.Shilomeasured

concentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthat

melatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecaldrinkers.

InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicine,theresearcherssuggest

thatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.

Becauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebody,Ohayon

recommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecalafterlunch.

32、Theauthormentions"pick-me-upHtoindicatethat.

A.melatoninlevelsneedtoberaised

B.neurohormonecanwakeusup

C.coffeeisastimulant

D.decalisacaffeinatedcoffee

33、Whichofthefollowingtellsushowcaffeineaffectssleep?

A.Caffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatstopsmelatoninproduction.

B.Caffeineinterruptstheflowofthehormonethatpreventspeoplefrom

sleeping.

C.Caffeinehalvesthebody*slevelsofsleephormone.

D.Caffeinestaysinthebodyformanyhours.

34、Whatdoesparagraph3mainlydiscuss?

A.Differenteffectsofcaffeinatedcoffeeanddecafonsleep.

B.DifferentfindingsofLotanShiloandateamaboutcaffeine.

C.Thefactthatthesubjectsslept415minutespernightafterdrinking

decaf.

D.Theevidencethatthesubjectstookhalfanhourtofallasleep.

35、Whatdoestheexperimentmentionedinparagraph4prove?

A.Therearemoreenzymesindecafdrinkers*urinesample.

B.Therearemoremelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkers1urine

sample.

C.Decafdrinkersproducelessmelatonin.

D.Caffeinedrinkersproducelesssleephormone.

36、Theauthorofthispassageprobablyagreesthat.

A.coffeeloverssleeplessthanthosewhodonotdrinkcoffee

B.weshouldnotdrinkcoffeeaftersupper

C.peoplesleepmoresoundlyatmidnightthanat3a.m.

D.ifwefeelsleepyatnight,weshouldgotobedimmediately

弟一^扁

MedicalEducation

In18th.centurycolonialAmerica,thosewhowantedtobecomephysicians

eitherlearnedaspersonalstudentsfromestablishedprofessionalsorwent

abroadtostudyinthetraditionalschoolsofLondon,Paris{andEdinburgh.

MedicinewasfirsttaughtformallybyspecialistsattheUniversityof

1

Pennsylvania,beginningin1765zandin1767atKingsCollege（nowColumbia

University）,thefirstinstitutioninthecoloniestogivethedegreeofdoctor

ofmedicine.FollowingtheAmericanRevolution,theColumbiamedical

faculty（formerlyofKing*sCollege）wascombinedwiththeCollegeofPhysicians

andSurgeons,charteredin1809,whichsurvivesasadivisionofColumbia

University.

In1893theJohnsHopkinsMedicalSchoolrequiredallapplicantstohave

acollegedegreeandwasthefirsttoafforditsstudentstheopportunity

tofurthertheirtraininginanattachedteachinghospital.Thegrowthof

medicalschoolsattachedwithestablishedinstitutionsoflearningwent

togetherwiththedevelopmentofproprietary（私營的）schoolsofmedicinerun

forpersonalprofit.mostofwhichhadlowstandardsandpoorfacilitiesIn

1910AbrahamFlexner.theAmericaneducationreformer,wroteMedicalEducation

intheUnitedStatesandCanada,exposingthepoorconditionsofmostproprietary

schoolsSubsequentlytheAmericanMedicalAssociation（AMA.andtheAssociation

ofAmericanMedicalColleges（AAMC.laiddownstandardsforcoursecontent,

qualificationsofteacherszlaboratoryfacilitieszconnectionwithteaching

hospitals,andlicensingofmedicalpractitioners（開業(yè)醫(yī)師）thatsurvivetothis

day.Bythelate1980stheUSandCanadahad1424.yearmedicalcolleges

recognizedbytheLiaison（聯(lián)絡(luò)）CommitteeonMedicalEducationtoofferche

M.D.degree；duringthe1987-88academicyear,47,262menand25,686women

enteredthesecollegesandanestimated11,752menand5z958womenwere

graduated.Graduateszafterayearofinternship（實(shí)習(xí)期），receivelicenses

topracticeiftheypassanexaminationgiveneitherbyastateboardorby

theNationalBoardofMedicalExaminers

37、In18th-centuryAmerica.higherinstitutionsoflearningthattaught

medicine

A.didnotexist.

B.werefewinnumber.

C.werebetterthanthoseinEurope.

D.wereknownfortheirteachinghospitals.

38、InitiallymostproprietaryschoolsofmedicineinAmerica

A.hadestablishedprofessionals.

B.hadgoodfacilities.

C.hadhighstandards.

D.wereinpoorconditions.

39、TheAMAandAAMC.establishedstandardsSOasto

A.recruitmorestudents

B.setupmoreschoolsofmedicine

C.ensurethequalityofmedicalteachingandpractice.

D.preventmedicalschoolsfrommakinghugeprofits.

40、Afterayearofinternshipmedicalgraduatescanstarttopractice

A.iftheyhaveworkedinalaboratory.

B.iftheyhavestudiedabroadforsometime

C.iftheyhaveobtainedanM.Ddegree.

D.iftheyhavepassedanexamination

41>Thispassageismainlyabout

A.howmedicineistaughtinAmerica.

B.howmedicaleducationhasdevelopedinAmerica

C.howtheAmericaneducationalsystemworks.

D.howonecanbecomeagooddoctor.

Nooneknowsexactlyhowmanydisabledpeoplethereareintheworld,but

estimatessuggestthefigureisover450million.Thenumberofdisabledpeople

inIndiaaloneisprobablymorethandoublethetotalpopulationofCanada.

IntheUnitedKingdom,aboutoneintenpeoplehavesomedisability.

Disabilityisnotjustsomethingthathappenstootherpeople：asgetolder,

manyofuswillbecomelessmobile,hardofhearingorhavefailingeyesight.

Disablementcantakemanyformsandoccuratanytimeoflife.Somepeople

arebornwithdisabilities.Manyothersbecomedisabledastheygetolder.

Therearemanyprogressivedisablingdiseases.Thelongertimegoeson,the

worsetheybecome.Somepeoplearedisabledinaccidents.Manyothersmay

haveaperiodofdisabilityintheformofamentalillness.Allareaffected

bypeople*sattitudetowardsthem.

Disabledpeoplefacemanyphysicalbarriers.Nexttimeyougoshopping

ortoworkorvisitfriendszimaginehowyouwouldmanageifyoucouldnot

getupsteps,orontobusesandtrains.Howwouldyoucopeifyoucouldnot

seewhereyouweregoingorcouldnothearthetraffic?Butthereareother

barriers：prejudicecanbeevenhardertobreakdownandignoranceinevitably

representsbyfarthegreatestbarrierofall.Itisalmostimpossiblefor

theable-bodiedtofullyappreciatewhattheseverelydisabledgothrough,

soitisimportanttodrawattentiontothesebarriersandsowthatitis

theindividualpersonandtheirability,nottheirdisability,whichcounts.

42、Thefirstparagraphpointsoutthat.

A.therearemanydisabledpeopleintheworld

B.thenumberofdisabledpeopleinIndiaisthegreatest

C.IndiahasmuchmoredisabledpeoplethanCanada

D.itisimpossibletogetanexactfigureoftheworld1sdisabledpeople

43、ThekeywordinParagraph4is.

A.disabilityB.ignorance

C.prejudiceD.barriers

44、Thelastwordofthepassage"counts'*mostprobablymeans11H.

A.ismostimportantB.isconsidered

C.isincludedD.isnumbered

45、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Eventheable-bodiedmaylosesomeoftheirbodyfunctionswhenthey

getolder.

B.Thereareabout10percentdisabledpersonsintheUK.

C.Thewholesocietyshouldpaydueattentiontothebarriersfacedby

thedisabledpeople.

D.Therestillexistsprejudiceagainstthedisabledwhichresultsmainly

fromignorance.

46、Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

A.weshouldtryourbesttopreventdisablement

B.bothphysicalandmentalbarriersarehardtobreakdown

C.wemusttakeaproperattitudetowardsthedisabled

D.theable-bodiedpeoplewillneverfullyunderstandthedisabled

第5部分：補(bǔ)全對(duì)話

Pain

Allofushavefeltpain,wehavecutourselves.Wehavebeenburned.Or

wehavehadheadaches.Someofussufferpainrarely.47

Paincantakecompletecontrolofourbodyandmind,makingitimpossible

tomoveandeventothink.Yetweneedpain.WithoutIt,wewouldnotknow

ifwehavehurtourselves.Itisourbody*swarningsystem.48

Painisthemostcommonreasonwegotoadoctor.Itisthemostcommon

reasonwetakemedicines.Untilrecently,however,mostdoctorsknewofonly

afewdrugsthatstoppedsomepains.49Butnewknowledgeabouttheprocess

ofpainIshelpingthemtocontrolpainbatter.

ScientistshavelearnedthatthesenseofpainIsmadeupofbothchemical

andelectricalsignals.50Scientistsalsohavelearnedthatthenervous

systemsendstwodifferentkindsofpainmessagestothebrain：oneveryfastz

theotherslow.

Thefirstmessageisthewarningsignal.Itmovesataspeedof30meters

asecond.Inlessthanasecond,thebrainunderstandsthatpartofthebody

ishurtandhowbadlyitisinjured.51Ittells1usnottousetheinjured

partuntilitheals.

AAndothershavepainfulattacksallthetime.

BThesesignalstravelfromnervecellsintheinjuredarea,upthespinal

cord（脊髓）tothebrain,andbackdownagain.

CIttellsusthatweareinjuredandshoulddosomethingaboutit.

DTheyknewlittleabouttheprocessofpainitself.

ETheothermessagemovesataspeedofonlyonemeterasecond.

FAndtheysendthesecond,slowermessageofpaintothebrain.

第6部分：完形填空

SkinCancer

Melanoma（黑素瘤），thedeadliestkindofskincancer,isnowthemost

commoncancerin52Britishwomen,thecountry1sleadingcancerorganization

saidWednesday.Skincancerhas53cervical（子宮頸的）cancerasthetopcancer

strikingwomenintheir20szaccordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearch

UnitedKingdom.

Thetrendisparticularly54sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerally

thosemostsusceptible（易患的）tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancer

are55highestinpeopleoverage75.

Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosed

withskincancercouldbethe56ofadangeroustrend.Wom