北京理工大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷1（共150題）

北京理工大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷1（共6套）（共150題）北京理工大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀理解(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindness.Yet,darkglassesornottheyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnowblindness,whenexposedtoseveralhoursof"snowlight".TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthattheglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnow-blindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Rather,aman'seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofocusoninabroadexpanseofasnow-coveredarea.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchofsomethingtolookat.Findingnothing,hourafterhour,theeyesneverstopsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemuscleaches.Naturebalancesthisannoyancebyproducingmoreandmoreliquidwhichcoverstheeyeballs.Theliquidcoverstheeyeballsinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblurs.Andtheresultistotal,eventhoughtemporary,snowblindness.ExperimentsledtheArmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushes,creatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape.Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweight,dark-coloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseesomething.Theirgazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtosee,stopsearchingthroughthesnow-blanketedlandscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatime,themancancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteareaisovercome.1、Theeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesachebecause_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：本題問眼珠及眼部肌肉酸痛的原因。從第二段第二句和第四句可以確定D為正確選項。2、Whentheeyesaresore,tearsareproducedto_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：從第二段第五句可知C為正確選項。3、Snow-blindnessmaybeavoidedby_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：從第三段最后兩句可知B為正確答案。4、Thefirstparagraphismainlyconcernedwith_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：雪的強光(snowglare)以及雪盲(snowblindness)是這篇談?wù)摰闹攸c，因此選擇A答案。5、Asuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：雪盲及如何避免雪盲是文章的主題，A為正確答案。Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossess,iftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburnitbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier-andsomedoexist-isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearoughttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,youarelettingfearruleyoutoomuch.Eveninyourhouseyouarenotabsolutelysafe:anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse,orantsmayeatawaysomeofthebeamsinyourroofsothatthelatterfallsonyou,oryoumaygetcancer!Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactiontoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youseeacarcomingstraighttowardsyou;fearwarnsyou,youjumpoutoftheway,andalliswell.Insomecases,however,youdecidethatthereisnothingthatyoucandotoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youcannotpreventanairplanecrashingontoyourhouse.Inthiscase,fearhasgivenyouitswarning;youhaveexamineditanddecidedonyourcourse,ofaction,sofearofthisparticulardangerisnolongerofanyusetoyou,andyouhavetotrytoovercomeit.6、Childrenwouldplaywithfireuntiltheirhandswereburntawayif_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：從第一段第二句即可知正確答案為C項。7、Areallyfearlesssoldier_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：從第一段倒數(shù)第二句可知正確答案為D項。8、Fearshouldbeusedproperlybecause____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：從第二段第一句和第三段第一句。就可知正確答案為C項。9、Peoplesometimessucceedintimelyavoidingdangerbecause____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：從第三段第二句和第四段第一句的內(nèi)容可知正確答案為D項。10、Impliedbutnotstated:_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：A項錯在“always”，該詞導(dǎo)致該項表達(dá)的意思走向極端，與原文意思不符。C項是文章直接表達(dá)的思想，雖符合文章內(nèi)容，但不是隱含的意思，不符題意。D項與文章的內(nèi)容相反。只有B項才是文章隱含的意思。因此，正確答案為B項。Theworld'spopulationcontinuestogrow.Therenowareabout4billionofusonearth.Thatcouldreach6billionbytheendofthecenturyand11billioninanother75years.Expertslonghavebeenconcernedaboutsuchgrowth.Wherewillwefindthefood,water,jobs,houses,schoolsandhealthcareforallthesepeople?Amajornewstudyshowsthatthesituationmaybechanging.Alargeandrapiddropintheworld'sbirthratehastakenplaceduringthepast10years.Familiesgenerallyaresmallernowthantheywereafewyearsago.Itishappeninginbothdevelopingandindustrialnations.Researcherssaidtheyfoundanumberofreasonsforthis.Moremenandwomenarewaitinglongertogetmarriedandareusingbirthcontroldevicesandmethodstopreventordelaypregnancy.Morewomenaregoingtoschoolorworkingatjobsawayformtheirhomesinsteadofhavingchildren.Andmoregovernments,especiallyindevelopingnations,nowsupportfamilyplanningprogramstoreducepopulationgrowth.Chinaisoneofthenationsthathasmadegreatprogressinreducingitspopulationgrowth.Chinahasalreadycutitsrateofpopulationgrowthbyaboutonehalfsince1970.Chinanowurgeseachfamilytohavenomorethanonechild.Andithopestoreachzeropopulationgrowth,thenumberofbirthsequalingthenumberofdeaths,bytheyear2000.SeveralnationsinEuropealreadyhavefewerbirthsthandeaths.Expertssaidthatthesenationscouldfaceaseriousshortageofworkersinthefuture.Andthepersonswhoareworkingcouldfacemuchhighertaxestohelpsupportthegrowingnumberofretiredpeople.11、InParagraphOne,thesentence"Expertslonghavebeenconcernedaboutsuchgrowth",thephrase"concernedabout"issimilarinmeaningto_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：選項worriedabout表示“擔(dān)心”；B選項relatedto表示“有聯(lián)系”；C選項engagedin意思為“參與”；D選項madeastudyof意思為“做調(diào)查”。因此A為正確答案。12、"Familyplanningprograms"means_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：從第三段最后一句可知計劃生育是減少人口增長的手段，A為正確選項。13、Theworld’sbirthratehasdroppedbecause_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：本題問世界人口增長率降低的原因。從第三段可知D為正確答案。14、Bytheyear2000,thenumberofbirthsandthenumberofdeathsinChinawill____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：本題問2000年時中國的出生率和死亡率將會怎樣。從第四段最后一句可知D為正確答案。15、Sometimeinthefuture,thepeoplewhoareworkinginEuropewouldhavetopaymuchhighertaxesbecause_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：本題問將來在歐洲工作的人們會交納更多的稅的原因。從第五段最后一句可知D為正確答案。Howmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundtoexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtorepresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,wecallwords.Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociations-thethingstheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreases.Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotions.Thischarminguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusic,andwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyanddull.16、Theoriginoflanguageis____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：第一段一開始就回答了本題，正確答案是D項。17、Oneofthereasonswhymeninventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandactionswasthat____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：第二段第一句指出了本題的正確答案。18、WhatisTRUEaboutthewords?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：第一段最后一句表明C項為正確答案。19、Inexpressingtheirthoughts,greatwritersareable____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：第三段第四句指出，一位真正的詩人是一位語言大師，他可以通過語言來傳遞思想。這種語言像音樂一樣美妙，而且這種語言能感動得我們掉下眼淚。正確答案為B項。20、WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherealpoetisNOTtrue?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：正確答案為A項。A項中的nomore．．．than意為“與其說……還不如說是……”。二、漢譯英(本題共1題，每題1.0分，共1分。)21、現(xiàn)在，成千上萬的美國人沉湎于對身材苗條的追求之中。他們著迷于節(jié)食和鍛煉，這不僅僅是因為他們對年輕外表的追求，最近的一項研究表明節(jié)食和體育鍛煉對身體健康的極端重要性。如同在許多工業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)達(dá)的國家中一樣，北美人的生活方式發(fā)生了顯著的變化?，F(xiàn)代化的機器完成了人們曾被迫用手工來完成的體力勞動。小汽車、公共汽車運載著我們飛快地從一地來到另一地，由于無所事事，人們的身體變得十分虛弱并易于生病。為了避免這種狀況的發(fā)生，成千上萬的美國人把更多的時間投入到體育鍛煉之中。這種對體育鍛煉重要性的認(rèn)識所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是顯而易見的：公園里到處都是散步和騎自行車的人，體育節(jié)目又重新樹立了威望，許多公司都為自己的員工提供特殊的運動器材供他們在工作日當(dāng)中鍛煉身體。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Now,millionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.Theeffectofthisnewappreciationoftheimportanceofexerciseisevident:parksarefilledwithjoggersandbicyclists,physicaleducationprogramsareenjoyinganewlyfoundprestige,andmanycompaniesareprovidingspecialexercisefacilitiesfortheiremployeestouseduringtheworkday.知識點解析：暫無解析三、英譯漢(本題共4題，每題1.0分，共4分。)22、Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentwidely.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：民意測驗現(xiàn)在顯示著人們的一種無奈的共識，那就是：無論歸咎于誰還是從現(xiàn)在起發(fā)生什么事情，高失業(yè)率不可避免。這就意味著我們要千方百計去廣泛尋找就業(yè)崗位。知識點解析：暫無解析23、Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforselfrespecting?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheofficeascentersofproductionandwork?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：但我們不應(yīng)該就此打住，應(yīng)該對未來的工作問一些實質(zhì)性的問題。我們還繼續(xù)要用老眼光看待就業(yè)這個問題嗎?是否可以鼓勵其他的自立方式?是否應(yīng)該多創(chuàng)造條件，讓我們自己當(dāng)老板而不是給別人打工?是否應(yīng)該把眼光投向家人、鄰居，激活各方資源，包括工廠、單位，來多尋找生產(chǎn)和工作的機會?知識點解析：暫無解析24、Suchtighteningwouldprobablycauserefinancingtoslumptoabout$300billionatannualrateslatethisyear,whichwouldeliminatecapitalgainsasapropforconsumerspending.Risinginterestratescouldalsodamptherallylikelytooccurintheequitymarketascorporateprofitsrecover.Ifinvestmentspendingfailstorevive,theeconomy’sannualgrowthratecouldslidebacktothe2-3percent.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：這樣的緊縮政策也許會引起今年年底再集資水平跌至3億／年，這將使資本收益在消費性支出中的支柱作用完全失去。利率的提高也將抑制企業(yè)利潤好轉(zhuǎn)下股票市場的回升。假如投資支出沒能復(fù)原，整個經(jīng)濟的年增長率將回落至2％-一3％。知識點解析：暫無解析25、Theoilpriceisalsoabigrisk,mainlybecausetheBushadministrationappearsdeterminedtoattackIraq.Theprobabilityofwarcouldeasilypushtheoilpricebackintothe$35~$40abarrelrangeforatleastafewmonths.Ineffect,thatwouldimposeabignewtaxonconsumerspendingandcorporateprofits.Theprospectofmonetarytighteningandasharpincreaseintheoilpricesuggeststhatlate2002andearly2003couldbeaperiodofgreatvolatilityfortheUSeconomy.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：同樣是一大風(fēng)險的還有石油價格，主要原因是布什政府表現(xiàn)出來的攻打伊拉克的堅決態(tài)度。戰(zhàn)爭的可能性可以輕而易舉地將油價推回到35-—40美元一桶，而且這一持續(xù)就會是幾個月，結(jié)果將是在消費性支出和公司利潤頭上新加了一大筆稅賦。貨幣緊縮政策與油價急劇攀升的前景暗示著2002年底和2003年初可能是美國經(jīng)濟的一大波動期。知識點解析：暫無解析四、寫作(本題共1題，每題1.0分，共1分。)26、Writeacompositionofatleast250wordsonthegiventopic"Myideaofthefutureworld’withthefollowingoutline.Presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetails.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：MyideaofthefutureworldWhatwillourfutureworldbelike?Thisisacontroversialquestionwithwhichmanypeopleareconcerned.Likeacoinwithtwosides,variouspeopleholdvariousrepliestoit.Intheeyesofthepessimistic,soonerorlaterourworldwillcometoitsdoom.Thefollowingpointsaretheirevidence.First,AIDSisthebestexample.Intermsofstatistics,sofartherehavebeenabout40millionpeopleinfectedAIDSallovertheworldand2.3millionpeoplediedjustin2003.Secondly,itseemsthatterrorists’attacksnevercease.Itmakesmanyordinarypeoplelosetheirhousehold,becominginnocentvictims.Thirdly,goingwiththewidespreadoutbreakofSARS,countlesspeoplediedofthisfataldisease.Whereastheoptimisticpointofviewisthatourworldinthefuturewillbeabetterplacetolive.Asfarastheyareconcerned,thereisnumerousprogressinthepastfewdecades.ThepopularizationofcomputertechnologyandInternetrendersustoacquireallkindsofinformationweneedandtoknowwhathappensattheotherendoftheworldinafewseconds.Asforme,I’mconvincedthatourworld’sprospectwillbefarmorebrilliantandprosperousthannow.Yetinordertorealizeit,wemusttakesomemeasuresandadoptanactiveattitudetochangeanddevelopourworld.Solongascontinuingtodevelopthescienceandtechnology,allofustakingactiveactionsandmakinggreateffortstosolvetheseproblems,abeautifulworldwillcomesoon.知識點解析：暫無解析北京理工大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀理解(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookatyouintheeyeandsay,"Denmarkisagreatcountry."You'resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife'sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprogrammes,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycentrehearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs—thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.It'sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew—andnonuclearpowerplants.It'sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld'scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption—freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere."So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!"),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit's2amandthere'snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaitingat2amforthegreenlightpeople—that'showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn'tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn'tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,you'reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.1、TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopta______attitudetowardstheircountry.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：本題是推斷題。從文中的首句“DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues，DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes”可知，盡管丹麥有很多優(yōu)點，但是丹麥人從不夸耀自己的國家，故B項“謙虛的”符合題意。A項boastful“自夸的”；C項deprecating“不以為然的”：D項mysterious“神秘的”。2、WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)題。文中的第二段提到“…h(huán)alfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities”，說一半的國家預(yù)算都用于消除社會的不平等，對應(yīng)B選項；此句的后面又提到“…despitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs…olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners”，丹麥語言具有多樣性，對應(yīng)C項；第二段又提出“It’sanationoftirelessplanners”，對應(yīng)D選項。由此可知A項正確。3、Theauthor’sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：本題是推斷題。從關(guān)鍵詞MinistryofBusinessandIndustry可找到對應(yīng)的第三段的“Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries，withvirtuallynopollution，crime，orpoverty．”，丹麥工商部長稱丹麥?zhǔn)鞘澜缟献罡蓛?、最有秩序的國家，沒有污染、犯罪、貧窮等。而緊接著作者提到了“ForeignersOutofDenmark(外國人滾出丹麥)”的標(biāo)語，以及第三段最后提到的“brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters，drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark”，下水道里的碎酒瓶，以及醉倒在公園里的青少年。這說明作者對工商部長的說法表示懷疑，故選D。C項noncommittal“態(tài)度不明確的”，不符。4、Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)題。從題干中的關(guān)鍵詞orderliness找到對應(yīng)的第四段中原句“Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint．Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources，…asabroker，banker，anddistributorofgoods”．這里表明了丹麥的秩序可以促進(jìn)該國經(jīng)濟的增長，尤其是在代理、銀行、配銷等領(lǐng)域。這表現(xiàn)出“在經(jīng)濟上十分重要”，故選C。5、AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)題。本段的第三句提到“Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone”，對應(yīng)A項；第二句提到“Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship，…badfortakingwhatyou’reentitledto”，作為丹麥公民，拿了本屬于自己的東西無需感覺不安，B項與此相符：本段的最后一句講到“…andtheorderlinessofthesystem…unemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis”，體系的秩序性使丹麥能夠經(jīng)受高失業(yè)和社會動蕩的考驗，而不引發(fā)危機感，C項“幫助國家渡過難關(guān)”與此句相符。排除前三項外可知D是答案。Cooperativecompetition.Competitivecooperation.Confused?Airlineallianceshavetravelersscratchingtheirheadsoverwhat'sgoingonintheskies.Somefolksviewalliancesasablessingtotravelers,offeringseamlesstravel,reducedfaresandenhancedfrequent-flyerbenefits.Othersseeaconspiracyofbigbusinesses,causingdecreasedcompetition,increasedfaresandfewerchoices.Whateveryouropinion,there'snoescapingairlinealliances;themarketinghypeisunrelenting,witheachofthetwomega-groupings,OneworldandStarAlliance,promotingitselfasthebestchoiceforalltravelers.And,evenifyouturnawayfromtheirads,chancesaretheywillfigureinanyofyourtravelplans.Bytheendoftheyear,OneworldandStarAlliancewillbetweenthemcontrolmorethan40%ofthetrafficinthesky.Somepunditspredictthatfigurewillbemorelike75%in10years.Butwhy,afteryearsofoftenferociouscompetition,haveairlinesdecidedtobandtogether?Let'sjustsaythetimingismutuallyconvenient.NorthAmericanairlines,havingexhaustedallmeansofearningcustomerloyaltyathome,havebeenlookingforwaystoreachouttoforeignflyers.Asiancarriersarestillhurtingfromtheregion-wideeconomicdownturnthatbegantwoyearsago—justwhensomeoftheairlinesweretakingdeliveryofnewaircraft.Alliancesalsoallowcarrierstocutcostsandincreaseprofitsbypoolingmanpowerresourcesontheground(ratherthaneachairlinemaintainingitsowngroundcrew)andcode-sharing—thepracticeoftwopartnerssellingticketsandoperatingonlyoneaircraft.Soalliancesareterrificforairlines—butaretheygoodforthepassenger?Absolutely,saytheairlines;thinkofthelounges,thejointFFP(frequentflyerprogramme)benefits,theround-the-worldfares,andtheglobalservicenetworks.Thenthere'sthepromiseof"seamless"travel:theabilityto,say,travelfromSingaporetoRometoNewYorktoRiodeJaneiro,allononeticket,withouthavingtowaithoursforconnectionsorworryaboutyourbags.SoundsUtopian?PeterBuecking,CathayPacific'sdirectorofsalesandmarketing,thinksthatseamlesstravelisstillevolving."It'sfairtosaythattheselinksareonlyintheirinfancy.Thekeytoseamlessnessrestsininfrastructureandinformationsharing.We'reworkingonthis."HenryMa,spokespersonforStarAllianceinHongKong,listssomeoftheotherbenefitsforconsumers:"Globaltravelershaveaneasiertimemakingconnectionsandplanningtheiritineraries."Maclaimsalliancesalsoassurepassengersconsistentservicestandards.Criticsofalliancessaythemuch-toutedbenefitstotheconsumeraremostlypieintheskythatalliancesareallaboutreducingcostsfortheairlines,rationalizingservicesandrunningjointmarketingprogrammes.JeffBlyskal,associateeditorofConsumerReportsmagazine,saysthepromotionalballyhoooveralliancesismuchadoaboutnothing."Idon'tseemuchofagainforconsumers;alliancesarejustamarketinggimmick.Andasfarasseamlesstravelgoes,I'llbelieveitwhenIseeit.Mostairlinescan'tevengettheirownconnectionsundercontrol,letalonecoordinatewithanotherairline."Blyskalbelievesallianceswillultimatelyresultindecreasedflightchoicesandincreasedcostsforconsumers.Insteadoftwoairlinescompetingandeachoperatingaflightonthesamerouteat70%capacity,thealliedpairwillsharetherouteandrunonefullflight.Sincefewerseatswillbeavailable,passengerswillbeobligedtopaymorefortickets.Thetruthaboutalliancesandtheirmeritsprobablyliessomewherebetweenthetravelutopiapresentedbytheplayersandtheevilempiresportrayedbytheircritics.Andhowmuchtheyaffectyoudependsonwhatkindoftraveleryouare.Thosewho'vealreadymadetheelitegradeintheFFPofamajorairlinestandtobenefitthemostwhenitjoinsanalliance:thentheyenjoytheFFPperksandadvantagesonanyandallofthemembercarriers.Forexample,ifyou'reaMarcoPoloClub"gold"memberofCathayPacific'sAsiaMilesFFP,youwillautomaticallybetreatedasavaluablecustomerbyallmembersofoneworld,ofwhichCathayPacificisamember—evenifyou'veneverflownwiththembefore.Forthosewhohaven'tmadethetopgradeinanyFFP,alliancesmightbeawayofsimplifyingtheearningoffrequentflyermiles.Forexample,IbelongtoUnitedAirline'sMileagePlusandgenerallyflylessthan25,000milesayear.ButIearnmileswitheveryflightItakeonStarAlliancemember-AllNipponAirwaysandThaiAirways.IfyouflylessthanIdo,youmightbesmartertostayoutoftheFFPgamealtogether.Huntforbargainswhenbookingflightsandyoumightbeabletosaveenoughtotakethatextratripanyway.Theonlyrealbenefitinfrequentflyerscandrawfromanallianceisaninexpensiveroundtheworldfare.Thebottomline:forallthemarketinghype,alliancesaren'tallthingstoallpeople—buteverybodycangetsomebenefitoutofthem.6、Whichisthebestwordtodescribeairtravelers’reactiontoairlinealliances?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)題。從題干中的關(guān)鍵詞airlinealliances找到首段的對應(yīng)句“Airlineallianceshavetravelersscratchingtheirheadsover…reducedfaresandenhancedfrequent—flyerbenefits．”，表明乘客很困惑，不知道航空公司之間到底發(fā)生了什么。故選D。7、Accordingtothepassage,settingupairlineallianceswillchieflybenefit______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)題。在第二段提到“Let’sjustsaythetimingismutuallyconvenient．”，下面具體說到北美航空公司和亞洲航空公司都想拓展海外市場，能夠從聯(lián)合中受益，故B正確。而第四段的首句“Criticsofalliancessaythemuch—toutedbenefitstotheconsumer…servicesandrunningjointmarketingprogrammes．”提到，對消費者來說，航空公司的聯(lián)合很難給他們帶來實際的好處，而A、C、D三項都提到了乘客，故應(yīng)排除，進(jìn)一步確定B項“北美航空公司和他們的海外同行”是正確答案。8、WhichofthefollowingisNOTaperceivedadvantageofalliances?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的第三段提出“…thelounges，thejointFFP(frequentflyerprogram)benefits，…waithoursforconnectionsorworryaboutyourbags”，航空公司認(rèn)為聯(lián)合對乘客來說絕對有好處，其中包括，“旅客的舒適”(對應(yīng)B項)、“便利”(對應(yīng)C項)、“(旅行)質(zhì)量”(對應(yīng)D項)，但是沒有提到A項“行李重量的增加”，故A正確。9、Onedisadvantageofalliancesforeseenbythecriticsisthatairtravelmaybemoreexpensiveasaresultof______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)題。從第五段的“Insteadoftwoairlinescompetingandeachoperatingaflight…andrunonefullflight”這一句可知，聯(lián)合使兩家公司共享路線、達(dá)到滿載，而不是互相競爭．各自載客率都只有70％。故C項“更少的競爭”符合題意。10、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcategoriesoftravelerswillgainmostfromairlinealliances?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：本題是推斷題。第七段提到“Thosewho’vealreadymadetheelite…benefitthemostwhenitjoinsanalliance”，由此可知能夠達(dá)到FFP的高級程度(即較高的里程累積)，應(yīng)該是經(jīng)常乘坐并且座位較好的人，故B項“經(jīng)常乘坐商務(wù)艙的人”是正確答案。Inasocietywhereallaspectsofourlivesaredictatedbyscientificadvancesintechnology,scienceistheessenceofourexistence.Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishing,wealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,and