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筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)模擬試卷3(共9套)(共18題)筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)模擬試卷第1套一、英譯漢(本題共1題,每題1.0分,共1分。)1、SisterWendyBeckett,theTVstarandarthistorian,hasdiedattheageof88.BeckettemergedasanunlikelyTVpersonalityinthe1990sthroughherbeliefthatartbelongstoeveryone.BorninSouthAfricain1930,BeckettspentpartofherchildhoodinEdinburgh,whereherfatherstudiedmedicine.ShetaughtinseveralcitiesincludingCapeTownandLiverpool.LaterinlifeshegainedTVfamehostingprogrammesfortheBBCfromgalleriesaroundtheworld.BeckettpresentedaseriesofdocumentariesfortheBBCduringthe1990s,includingSisterWendy’sOdysseyandSisterWendy’sGrandTour.Dressedinablacknun’shabit,Beckettwoulddiscusspaintings,withoutscriptorautocue.OneofhermostambitiouspiecesofTVworkwasSisterWendy’sStoryofPainting,a10-partseriesthatsawhertravelacrossEurope,theMiddleEastandtheUS.Shealsopublishedabookwiththesametitle.BeckettdiedattheCarmeliteMonasteryinQuidenham,NorfolkonBoxingDayafternoon.Itisverysadnews.HerclosefriendjournalistXinranXuesaidthatmanypeopleseeherasareligiouspersonandshewasfarmorethanthat.It’sahugelossfortheartworld.Shewasabrilliantartcritic.Beckettdescribedherchildhoodasidyllic,whereadultsneverquarrelledorspokeunkindlyaboutoneanother."Throughmyparents’exampletherewasneveranydoubtinmymindthatGodlovedusandthatitmatteredhowwebehaved,"shenotedinherbookEncounterswithGod:inQuestoftheAncientIconsofMary.Shejoinedateachingorder,theSistersofNotreDamedeNamurwhenshewas17andshesaidthatherfatherbelievedshewouldstruggletoadapttolifeasanunasshewassoyoung.Hermother,however,insisteditwastherightpathforher,describingherasan"oddchild"whohadwantedtojoinaconventsinceshewasababy.Stillaspartoftheorder,BeckettstudiedatOxfordUniversityinthe1950sandwasawardedacongratulatoryfirst-classdegreeinEnglishliterature.ShereturnedtoSouthAfricaandtaughtinconventschoolsfornearlytwodecadesuntilherhealthhaddeterioratedandherorderagreedtosendhertoliveundertheprotectionoftheCarmelitesinNorfolkasahermit,devotingherlifetoprayer.Afterstudyingartinthe1980s,Beckettbeganpublishingarticlesinthelocalnewspaper.ThoseledtoanappearanceonaTVartsshowandeventuallytofivemajorseries,scriptedandpresentedby"one-takeWendy",asshewasknowntodirectors.Becketthadalsopublishedseveralbooksinthesubject,includingContemporaryWomenArtists.Beckett’ssuccessledtoherhavingamusicalwrittenabouther,PostcardsfromGod:theSisterWendyMusical,createdbyMarcusReeves.ItranbrieflyinasmallWestEndvenue.BeckettmadeanameforherselfwithUSaudiencesinSisterWendy’sAmericanCollection,whereshetravelledtosixAmericanmuseumstodiscussmasterworksofpaintingandsculpture,andSisterWendyattheNortonSimonMuseum,wheresheexploredtheinstitutioninPasadena,California,in2001,butsheretiredtoaquietlifesoonafter.Newsofherdeathwasquicklymetwithtributes.WriterDollyAldertontweetedshewassaddenedtohearofBeckett’sdeath,addingshewas"alwaysastonishedatherintelligenceandhumilityandtenderness".AuthorSarahBesseysaidthatBeckett’s"enthusiasmforarthistorywassuchagift",whileSalt,anindependentpublishinghouse,notedshewas"brilliantatconveyingcomplexideaswithlucidity,enthusiasmandcharm".標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:電視明星、藝術(shù)史學(xué)家溫迪-貝克特嬤嬤(SisterWendyBeckett)辭世,享年88歲。貝克特相信“藝術(shù)屬于每一個(gè)人”,這一信仰使她在20世紀(jì)90年代意外成為電視名人。1930年,貝克特出生于南非,之后在愛(ài)丁堡度過(guò)了一段童年時(shí)光,當(dāng)時(shí)她父親在那里學(xué)醫(yī)。她曾在開(kāi)普敦和利物浦等多個(gè)城市任教。后來(lái),貝克特因主持一檔英國(guó)廣播公司的世界各地畫(huà)廊節(jié)目而走紅。90年代,她為英國(guó)廣播公司制作了一系列紀(jì)錄片,其中包括《溫迪嬤嬤的漫長(zhǎng)旅行》(SisterWendy’sOdyssey)和《溫迪嬤嬤環(huán)游記》(SisterWendy’sGrandTour)。無(wú)須腳本和提詞機(jī),身穿黑色修女裝的貝克特便能侃侃大談繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)。《溫迪嬤嬤談繪畫(huà)》(SisterWendy’sStoryofPainting)是貝克特最負(fù)盛名的電視作品之一,節(jié)目分十集講述了她的歐洲、中東和美國(guó)之旅。之后她還出版了同名書(shū)籍。節(jié)禮日下午,貝克特在諾福克郡(Norfolk)奎丁罕(Quidenham)卡默萊特修道院(CarmeliteMonastery)辭世。這是一個(gè)不幸的消息。作為其生前好友,記者薛欣然(XinranXue)說(shuō),許多人都認(rèn)為貝克特只是一個(gè)宗教信徒,但她的成就遠(yuǎn)不止于此,作為一位出色的藝術(shù)評(píng)論家,她的去世是藝術(shù)界的巨大損失。貝克特把自己的童年描繪得詩(shī)情畫(huà)意:大人們總是言辭和善、從不吵架。她在《與上帝相遇:尋找瑪麗的古代偶像》(EncounterswithGod:inQuestoftheAncientIconsofMary)一書(shū)中寫(xiě)到:“父母的榜樣讓我篤信上帝之愛(ài),我們每一人的行為都很重要。”17歲時(shí),貝克特加入了圣母瑪利亞教職類修道會(huì)(theSistersofNotreDamedeNamur)。她說(shuō),當(dāng)時(shí)父親認(rèn)為她這么年輕很難適應(yīng)修女的生活。而她的母親卻堅(jiān)信這對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是正確的選擇,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)“奇怪的孩子”從小就想加入修道院。在此期間,貝克特于上世紀(jì)50年代到牛津大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),并獲得了英國(guó)文學(xué)一等學(xué)位。畢業(yè)后,她回到南非,在修道院任教近20年。健康狀況出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題后,貝克特被派往英國(guó)的諾??丝R特修道院,在那里潛心隱修禱告。經(jīng)過(guò)80年代的藝術(shù)學(xué)習(xí),貝克特開(kāi)始在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上發(fā)表文章,并因此在一部藝術(shù)類電視節(jié)目中嶄露頭角,導(dǎo)演們所熟知的“一條就過(guò)的溫迪”,最終成為五大系列節(jié)目的撰稿人和演播人。貝克特還出版了幾本相關(guān)主題書(shū)籍,其中包括《當(dāng)代女藝術(shù)家》(ContemporaryWomenArtists)。貝克特成名后,馬庫(kù)斯-里夫斯(MarcusReeves)為她寫(xiě)了一部音樂(lè)劇《上帝的明信片:溫迪嬤嬤音樂(lè)劇》(PostcardsfromGod:theSisterWendyMusical)。這部音樂(lè)劇曾在倫敦西區(qū)的一個(gè)小劇場(chǎng)演出過(guò)一段時(shí)間。貝克特因?yàn)閮刹侩娨暪?jié)目為美國(guó)觀眾熟知:一是《溫迪嬤嬤的美國(guó)藏品》(SisterWendy’sAmericanCollection)中,她在六家美國(guó)博物館討論一些繪畫(huà)和雕塑代表作;另一部是《溫迪嬤嬤在諾頓西蒙博物館》(SisterWendyattheNortonSimonMuseum),講述了她在2001年對(duì)位于加利福尼亞帕薩迪納(Pasadena)的這家博物館所進(jìn)行的考察。那之后不久,貝克特便開(kāi)始了歸隱生活。修女離世的消息一經(jīng)傳開(kāi),人們紛紛表示哀悼。作家多莉-奧爾德頓(DollyAlderton)在推特上說(shuō),貝克特的過(guò)世令她很難過(guò),她“一直對(duì)貝克特的睿智、謙遜和溫柔感到欽佩”。作家薩拉-貝西(SarahBessey)表示,貝克特“對(duì)藝術(shù)史的熱情是與生俱來(lái)的”。一家名為索爾特(Salt)的獨(dú)立出版社也表示,貝克特“非常擅長(zhǎng)用清晰的語(yǔ)言和熱情的魅力,來(lái)表達(dá)復(fù)雜的想法”。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析二、漢譯英(本題共1題,每題1.0分,共1分。)2、中國(guó)中鐵股份有限公司是集勘察設(shè)計(jì)、施工安裝、工業(yè)制造、房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)、資源礦產(chǎn)、金融投資和其他業(yè)務(wù)于一體的特大型企業(yè)集團(tuán),是全球最大建筑工程承包商之一,擁有一百多年的歷史源流,總部設(shè)在中國(guó)北京。本公司連續(xù)13年進(jìn)入世界企業(yè)500強(qiáng),2018年在《財(cái)富》世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)排名第56位,在中國(guó)企業(yè)500強(qiáng)排名第13位,業(yè)務(wù)范圍涵蓋了幾乎所有基本建設(shè)領(lǐng)域,包括鐵路、公路、市政、房建、城市軌道交通、水利水電、機(jī)場(chǎng)、港口、碼頭,等等。本公司是國(guó)家科技部、國(guó)務(wù)院國(guó)資委和中華全國(guó)總工會(huì)授予的全國(guó)首批“創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)”。擁有“高速鐵路建造技術(shù)國(guó)家工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室”“盾構(gòu)及掘進(jìn)技術(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室”和“橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)健康與安全國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室”。公司現(xiàn)有員工29萬(wàn)余人,其中中高級(jí)技術(shù)人員7萬(wàn)余人,高技能人才5萬(wàn)余人。公司在全球市場(chǎng)久負(fù)盛名,先后在亞洲、非洲、歐洲、南美洲、大洋洲等多個(gè)國(guó)家建設(shè)了一大批精品工程。(本文節(jié)選自中國(guó)中鐵股份有限公司官網(wǎng)公司簡(jiǎn)介)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Asoneoftheworld’slargestconstructionandengineeringcontractors,ChinaRailwayGroupLimited(CREC)isaworld-leadingconstructionconglomeratewithahistoryofmorethan100years.HeadquarteredinBeijing,theCompanytakesaleadingpositionininfrastructureconstruction,industrialequipmentmanufacturing,scientificresearchandconsulting,realestatedevelopment,resourcesdevelopment,financialtrust,tradeandotherfields.Itrankedthe56thamongFortuneGlobal500companiesin2018for13yearsrunning,whileathomeitrankedthe13thamongTop500ChineseEnterprises.CRECprovidesafull-chainedservicewithitsbusinessscopecoveringalmostallfieldsofinfrastructures,suchasrailways,highways,municipalfacilities,housingandbuildings,urbanrailtransits,waterconservancies,hydropowerstations,airports,harbors,docks,etc.CRECisamongthefirstgroupofInnovativeCompaniesinChinagrantedbyMinistryofScienceandTechnology(MOST),State-ownedAssetsSupervisionandAdministrationCommitteeoftheStateCouncil(SASAC)andAll-ChinaFederationofTradeUnions(ACFTU).Thecompanyhasthreelaboratories,namely,theNationalEngineeringLaboratoryforHighSpeedRailwayConstruction,NationalKeyLaboratoryforShieldandDrillingTechnology,NationalKeyLaboratoryofBridgeStructuralStabilityandSafety.Currently,theCompanyhasatotalof290,000employees,morethan70,000ofwhomareprofessionalsandover50,000arehigh-levelskilledtechnicians.CREChaslongenjoyedagoodreputationintheglobalmarketandhassuccessivelybuiltalargenumberofexcellentprojectswithcountriesfromAsia,Africa,Europe,SouthAmericaandtheAtlantic.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)模擬試卷第2套一、英譯漢(本題共1題,每題1.0分,共1分。)1、Theimportanceofagriculturecannotbeoverstated.Morethan50percentoftheworld’slaborforceisemployedinagriculture.Thedistributionintheearly1980srangedfrom67percentofthoseemployedinAfricatolessthan5percentinNorthAmerica.InWesternEurope,thefigurewasabout16percent;inEasternEuropeandtheSovietUnion,about32percent;andinAsia,about68percent.Farmsizevarieswidelyfromregiontoregion.RecentlytheaverageforCanadianfarmswasabout186ha(about460acres)perfarm,andforU.S.farms,about175ha(about432acres).TheaveragesizeofasinglelandholdinginthePhilippines,however,maybesomewhatlessthan3.6ha(lessthan9acres),andinIndonesia,alittlelessthan1.2ha(lessthan3acres).Sizealsodependsonthepurposeofthefarm.Commercialfanning,orproductionforcash,isusuallydoneonlargeholdings.TheplantationsofLatinAmericaarelarge,privatelyownedestatesworkedbytenantlabor.Single-cropplantationsproducetea,robber,cocoa.Wheatfarmsaremostefficientwhentheycomprisesomethousandsofhectaresandcanbeworkedbyteamsofpeopleandmachines.Australiansheepstationsandotherlivestockfarmsmustbelargetoprovidegrazingforthousandsofanimals.Individualsubsistencefarmsorsmall-familymixed-farmoperationsaredecreasinginnumberindevelopedcountriesbutarestillnumerousinthedevelopingcountriesofAfricaandAsia.A"back-to-the-land"movementintheU.S.reversedthedeclineofsmallfarmsinNewEnglandandAlaskainthedecadefrom1970to1980.Theconditionsthatdeterminewhatwillberaisedinanareaincludeclimate,watersupply,andterrain.Overthe10,000yearssinceagriculturebegantobedeveloped,peopleseverywherehavediscoveredthefoodvalueofwildplantsandanimalsanddomesticatedandbredthem.Themostimportantarecerealssuchaswheat,rice,barley,comandrye.Agriculturalincomeisalsoderivedfromnon-foodcropssuchasrobber,fiberplants,tobacco,andoilseedsusedinsyntheticchemicalcompounds.Moneyisalsoderivedfromraisinganimalsforpelt.Muchoftheforeignexchangeearnedbyacountrymaybederivedfromasinglecommodity;forexample.SriLankadependsontea.Denmarkspecializesindairyproducts.Australiainwool.andNewZealandandArgentinainmeatproducts.IntheU.S.,wheathasbecomeamajorforeignexchangecommodityinrecentyears.Theimportanceofanindividualcountryasanexporterofagriculturalproductsdependsonmanyvariables.Amongthemisthepossibilitythatthecountryistoolittledevelopedindustriallytoproducemanufacturedgoodsinsufficientquantityortechnicalsophistication.SuchagriculturalexportersincludeGhanawithcocoa,andMyanmarwithrice.Ontheotherhand.anexcep-tionallywell-developedcountrymayproducesurplusesnotneededbyitsownpopulation;thishasbeentrueoftheU.S.,Canada,andsomeoftheWestEuropeancountries.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:農(nóng)業(yè)的重要性怎樣強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。世界百分之五十以上的勞動(dòng)力從事農(nóng)業(yè)。二十世紀(jì)八十年代初,農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力的比例在非洲高達(dá)百分之六十七,在北美洲則不足百分之五,在西歐約為百分之十六,在東歐和蘇聯(lián)約為百分之三十二,在亞洲則約為百分之六十八。農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模因地而異,差別很大。直到最近,加拿大農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模平均約為186公頃(約合460英畝),美國(guó)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模約為175公頃(約合432英畝)。但在菲律賓,私人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模平均略少于3.6公頃(不足9英畝),在印度尼西亞則略少于1.2公頃(不足3英畝)。農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模還取決于其用途。大農(nóng)場(chǎng)通常從事商業(yè)耕種,或者說(shuō)為賺錢(qián)而生產(chǎn)。拉丁美洲的大莊園就是大片的私有土地,雇人勞動(dòng)。單一作物的種植園生產(chǎn)茶葉、橡膠或可可。生產(chǎn)小麥的農(nóng)場(chǎng)最有效益。它們擁有幾千公頃土地,雇傭一群群工人,并使用機(jī)器。澳大利亞牧羊場(chǎng)和其它畜牧場(chǎng)的規(guī)模一定要大到足以能為成千的牲畜提供充足的飼料。零散的維持生計(jì)的個(gè)體農(nóng)場(chǎng),或者說(shuō)混合經(jīng)營(yíng)的小規(guī)模家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng),在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已日漸減少,但在非洲和亞洲的發(fā)展中國(guó)家里仍大量存在。美國(guó)的“返回田地”運(yùn)動(dòng)扭轉(zhuǎn)了1970至1980這十年間新英格蘭和阿拉斯加小農(nóng)場(chǎng)衰敗的局面。一個(gè)地區(qū)究竟生產(chǎn)什么取決于它的氣候、供水、地形和其它條件。自有農(nóng)業(yè)以來(lái)的一萬(wàn)多年中,各地的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了野生動(dòng)植物的食用價(jià)值,于是將其加以馴化或栽培,最重要的是谷物,如小麥、稻子、大麥、玉米和黑麥。農(nóng)業(yè)收入還來(lái)自非糧食作物,如橡膠、纖維植物、煙草以及可用于生產(chǎn)化學(xué)合成品的油料作物。此外,還可通過(guò)飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物取其皮毛而獲利。一個(gè)國(guó)家賺取的外匯,很大一部分可能來(lái)自某種單一的商品。例如,斯里蘭卡依靠茶葉,丹麥專門(mén)經(jīng)營(yíng)奶制品,澳大利亞出口羊毛,新西蘭和阿根廷則出口肉類制品。在美國(guó),近年來(lái)小麥已成為其賺取外匯的主要商品。一個(gè)國(guó)家是否以出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品為主取決于許多可變因素。其中一個(gè)因素就是這個(gè)國(guó)家的工業(yè)可能很不發(fā)達(dá),無(wú)法生產(chǎn)足夠數(shù)量和技術(shù)先進(jìn)的工業(yè)品。這類農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國(guó)包括加納,出口可可,還有緬甸,出口大米。另一方面,特別發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家可能生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩,大于本國(guó)人的需求,美國(guó)、加拿大和一部分西歐國(guó)家就是這種情況。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:1.Morethan50percentoftheworld’slaborforceisemployedinagriculture.世界百分之五十以上的勞動(dòng)力從事農(nóng)業(yè)。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。本句采用轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法,句中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)isemployed在翻譯過(guò)程中要根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣譯為主動(dòng),譯成“從事”。2.Thedistributionintheearly1980srangedfrom67percentofthoseemployedinAfricatolessthan5percentinNorthAmerica.InWesternEurope,thefigurewasabout16percent;inEasternEuropeandtheSovietUnion,about32percent;andinAsia,about68percent.二十世紀(jì)八十年代初,農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力的比例在非洲高達(dá)百分之六十七,在北美洲則不足百分之五,在西歐約為百分之十六,在東歐和蘇聯(lián)約為百分之三十二,在亞洲則約為百分之六十八。[分析]用詞選詞采分點(diǎn)和理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。distribution“分布,分類”在此應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文譯成:(農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力的)比例。本句在英晤中是兩個(gè)句子;但在漢語(yǔ)中因表達(dá)的均是農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力在各地的比例,就用一個(gè)句子來(lái)表達(dá),使得文章更簡(jiǎn)潔,內(nèi)容更緊湊。3.Farmsize農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模[分析]用詞選詞采分點(diǎn)/基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。size在此不宜譯成“大小”,和farm連用譯成“農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模”更為恰當(dāng)。本文還有其他一些表達(dá)“農(nóng)場(chǎng)”及相關(guān)的用法,有些屬固定詞組,須注意。(theaveragesizeof)asinglelendholding私人農(nóng)場(chǎng)(的平均規(guī)模)plantations種植園,大莊園single-cropplantations單一作物的種植園sheepstations牧羊場(chǎng)otherlivestockfarms其他畜牧場(chǎng)individualsubsistencefarms(零散的維持生計(jì)的)個(gè)體農(nóng)場(chǎng)small-familymixed-farmoperations混合經(jīng)營(yíng)的小規(guī)模家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)4.Sizealsodependsonthepurposeofthefarm.農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模還取決于其用途。[分析]用詞選詞采分點(diǎn)/理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。dependon依靠,依賴,在此根據(jù)上下文譯為“取決于”;thepurposeofthefarm譯為“農(nóng)場(chǎng)的用途”。5.TheplantationsofLatinAmericaarelarge,privatelyownedestatesworkedbytenantlabor.拉丁美洲的大莊園就是大片的私有土地,雇人勞動(dòng)。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。本句采用轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法和斷句譯法。在翻譯中根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣將英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為主動(dòng),過(guò)去分詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句如放在原句中翻譯顯得結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,容易混淆,因此將句子拆開(kāi)翻譯。6.Individualsubsistencefarmsorsmall-familymixed-farmoperationsaredecreasinginnumberindevelopedcountriesbutarestillnumerousinthedevelopingcountriesofAfricaandAsia.零散的維持生計(jì)的個(gè)體農(nóng)場(chǎng),或者說(shuō)混合經(jīng)營(yíng)的小規(guī)模家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng),在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已日漸減少,但在非洲和亞洲的發(fā)展中國(guó)家里仍大量存在。[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。developedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家;developingcountry發(fā)展中國(guó)家。它們是專有名詞,要用公認(rèn)的名稱來(lái)譯。7.A"back-w-the-land"movementintheU.S.reversedthedeclineofsmallfarmsinNewEnglandandAlaskainthedecadefrom1970to1980.美國(guó)的“返回田地”運(yùn)動(dòng)扭轉(zhuǎn)了1970至1980這十年間新英格蘭和阿拉斯加小農(nóng)場(chǎng)衰敗的局面。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。本句采用換序譯法。句中的decline后有一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的修飾成分,在翻譯中可采用斷句法將之拆開(kāi)來(lái)譯,或用換序譯法將修飾成分移到所修飾的詞前,本句采用的是第二種方法,還有本句中的reversedthedeclineof翻譯成:扭轉(zhuǎn)了……的衰敗(局面),其中“局面”是根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣加進(jìn)去的。8.Theconditionsthatdeterminewhatwillberaisedinanareaincludeclimate,watersupply,andterrain.一個(gè)地區(qū)究竟生產(chǎn)什么取決于它的氣候、供水、地形和其它條件。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。本句采用換序譯法和轉(zhuǎn)性譯法。此句可按邏輯順序?qū)⑷渥骶C合處理并按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:將地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前:determine后的賓語(yǔ)從句whatwillberaised轉(zhuǎn)成動(dòng)賓詞組“究竟生產(chǎn)什么”。9.Muchoftheforeignexchangeearnedbyacountrymaybederivedfromasinglecommodity;forexample,SriLankadependsontea,Denmarkspecializesindairyproducts,Australiainwool,andNewZealandandArgentinainmeatproducts.一個(gè)國(guó)家賺取的外匯,很大一部分可能來(lái)自某種單一的商品。例如,斯里蘭卡依靠茶葉,丹麥專門(mén)經(jīng)營(yíng)奶制品,澳大利亞出口羊毛,新西蘭和阿根廷則出口肉類制品。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。本句采用換序譯法和斷句譯法,如:Muchoftheforeignexchangeearnedbyacountry譯成“一個(gè)國(guó)家賺取的外匯,很大一部分……”,在后面的舉例中用的是并列的短句,且按英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣后面的短句省略了動(dòng)詞,但在譯成中文時(shí)要將所缺動(dòng)詞內(nèi)容添上:SriLankadependsontea,Denmarkspecializesindairyproducts,Australiainwool,andNewZealandandArgentinainmeatproducts.斯里蘭卡依靠茶葉,丹麥專門(mén)經(jīng)營(yíng)奶制品,澳大利亞出口羊毛,新西蘭和阿根廷則出口肉類制品。10.Amongthemisthepossibilitythatthecountryistoolittledevelopedindustriallytoproducemanufacturedgoodsinsufficientquantityortechnicalsophistication.其中一個(gè)因素就是這個(gè)國(guó)家的工業(yè)可能很不發(fā)達(dá),無(wú)法生產(chǎn)足夠數(shù)量和技術(shù)先進(jìn)的工業(yè)品。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。注意本句的too…to結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯:…thecountryistoolittledevelopedindustriallytoproducemanufacturedgoodsinsufficientquantityortechnicalsophistication.這個(gè)國(guó)家的工業(yè)可能很不發(fā)達(dá),無(wú)法生產(chǎn)足夠數(shù)量和技術(shù)先進(jìn)的工業(yè)品。11.SuchagriculturalexportersincludeGhanawithcocoa,andMyanmarwithrice。這類農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國(guó)包括加納,出口可可,還有緬甸,出口大米。[分析]用詞選詞采分點(diǎn)。本句使用轉(zhuǎn)性譯法:介詞with(用,以,有)應(yīng)按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣譯成動(dòng)賓詞組:Ghanawithcocoa,andMyanmarwithrice.加納出口可可,還有緬甸出口大米。12.Ontheotherhand,anexceptionallywell-developedcountrymayproducesurplusesnotneededbyitsownpopulation;thishasbeentrueoftheU.S.,Canada,andsomeoftheWestEuropeancountries.一方面,特別發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家可能生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩,大于本國(guó)人的需求,美國(guó)、加拿大和一部分西歐國(guó)家就是這種情況。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。本句采用斷句譯法:句中的surpluses后帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),在澤成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)常常被拆開(kāi)來(lái)譯,就是把原來(lái)的一個(gè)復(fù)合句拆分成兩個(gè)句子:anexceptionallywell-developedcountrymayproducesurplusesnotneededbyitsownpopulation特別發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家可能生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩,大于本國(guó)人的需求。分號(hào)后面的句子用換序譯法來(lái)譯。二、漢譯英(本題共1題,每題1.0分,共1分。)2、2006年我省實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值7493億元,同去年相比增長(zhǎng)12.1%,人均生產(chǎn)總值11830元,約合1500美元。正處于加速發(fā)展的新階段。我省農(nóng)業(yè)比較發(fā)達(dá),主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量一直位居全國(guó)前列。工業(yè)門(mén)類齊全,已基本形成10大優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和77個(gè)初具規(guī)模、各具特色的工業(yè)園區(qū),全省有近30種工業(yè)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量居全國(guó)前10位。第三產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,商貿(mào)、物流、電信、廣播影視、旅游、出版、動(dòng)漫卡通等產(chǎn)業(yè)呈現(xiàn)良好發(fā)展勢(shì)頭,在全國(guó)均有一定地位。我省是6774萬(wàn)人口的大省,消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)非?;钴S、潛力巨大。在我省投資設(shè)廠,可以輻射東南沿海市場(chǎng)、中西部地區(qū)市場(chǎng)以及國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)。我省綜合營(yíng)商成本相對(duì)低廉,勞動(dòng)力、水電、土地使用價(jià)格與沿海地區(qū)相比低1/3左右,近年來(lái)加快了產(chǎn)業(yè)配套和現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)發(fā)展步伐,企業(yè)營(yíng)商成本將進(jìn)一步降低。因此,我省已由歷史上兵家必爭(zhēng)之地發(fā)展成現(xiàn)代商家必爭(zhēng)之地。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:In2006,theGDPofourprovincecameto749.3billionRMByuan,anincreaseof12.1%overthepreviousyear.Itspercapitatotaloutputvaluewas11,830yuan,equivalenttoaboutUS$1,500.Itisenteringanewstageofaccelerateddevelopment.Itsagricultureisdeveloped.Theoutputofitsmajorfarmproductshasremainedinthefrontrankinthecountry.Ithasawiderangeofindustriesandbasicallyformed10majoradvantageousindustriesand77largeindustrialparkswithdifferentcharacteristics.Itsoutputsofabout30industrialproductsremaininthefirsttenplacesinthecountry.Itstertiaryindustryexpandsrapidly.Commerce,trade,logistics,telecommunications,radio,film,TV,tourism,publishing,animation,cartoonandotherindustriesmaintainagoodmomentumintheirdevelopmentandareofimportancetosomeextentinthecountry.Ourprovinceisalargeonewithapopulationof67.74million.Itsconsumermarketisdynamicandhasgreatpotential.Ifinvestmentismadeheretobuildfactories,theirproductscanbesoldinthesoutheasterncoastalmarket,themarketinthecentralandwesternpartsofthecountryandthemarketathomeandabroad.Thecomprehensiveoperatingcostsarerelativelylow,andpricesforlabor,water,electricityandlanduseareaboutone-thirdlowerthanthoseofthecoastalregion.Inrecentyears,ithasacceleratedthedevelopmentofsupportingindustriesandmodemlogisticsindustry.Enterprises’operatingcostswillfurtherfall.Soitshiftsfromaplaceofstrategicimportanceinhistorytoaregionofmodernbusinesscompetition.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:1.國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDP。[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)?!皣?guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDP”是常用時(shí)事詞匯。另一個(gè)類似的時(shí)事詞匯是“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值GNP”,grossnationalproduct。2.2006年我省實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值7493億元,增長(zhǎng)12.1%,人均生產(chǎn)總值11830元,約合1500美元,正處于加速發(fā)展的新階段。In2006,theGDPofourprovincecameto749.3billionRMByuan,anincreaseof12.1%overthepreviousyear.Itspercapitatotaloutputvaluewas11,830yuan,equivalenttoaboutUS$1,500.Itisenteringanewstageofaccelerateddevelopment.[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。原句是個(gè)多個(gè)分句組成的復(fù)合句,需要斷句來(lái)譯。根據(jù)句意將句子分譯成三句話?!?006年我省實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值7493億元,增長(zhǎng)12.1%”譯成“In2006,theGDPofourprovincecameto749.3billionRMByuan,anincreaseof12.1%overthepreviousyear”,其中,原文中主語(yǔ)是“我省”,改成“我省的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值theGDPofourprovince”,原文謂語(yǔ)“實(shí)現(xiàn)”也不必直譯成realize,而譯成cometo達(dá)到。動(dòng)詞的“增長(zhǎng)”譯成名詞。“人均生產(chǎn)總值11830元,約合1500美元”譯成第二個(gè)單句Itspercapitatotaloutputvaluewas11,830yuan,equivalenttoaboutUS$1,500?!凹s合1500美元”就是等于1500美元之意,因此譯成equivalentto,在句中作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)“正處于加速發(fā)展的新階段”要增加主語(yǔ),翻譯為:Itisenteringanewstageofaccelerateddevelopment。3.位居全國(guó)前列remainedinthefrontrankinthecountry。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。inthefrontrank是固定詞組,意思是:在前列,著名。4.工業(yè)門(mén)類齊全,已基本形成10大優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和77個(gè)初具規(guī)模、各具特色的工業(yè)園區(qū),全省有近30種工業(yè)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量居全國(guó)前10位。Ithasawiderangeofindustriesandbasicallyformed10majoradvantageousindustriesand77largeindustrialparkswithdifferentcharacteristics.Itsoutputsofabout30industrialproductsremaininthefirsttenplacesinthecountry.[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。原句是個(gè)復(fù)合句,需要用斷句譯法。根據(jù)句意在最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)處,將句子斷開(kāi),其中“門(mén)類齊全”譯成“有廣泛的工業(yè)門(mén)類”,即:awiderangeofindustries。“居全國(guó)前10位”譯成:inthefirsttenplacesinthecountry或者譯成ranktopteninthecountry。5.第三產(chǎn)業(yè)tertiaryindustry[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)?!暗谌a(chǎn)業(yè)”屬于常用經(jīng)濟(jì)詞匯。6.在我省投資設(shè)廠,可以輻射東南沿海市場(chǎng)、中西部地區(qū)市場(chǎng)以及國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)。Ifinvestmentismadeheretobuildfactories,theirproductscanbesoldinthesoutheasterncoastalmarket,themarketinthecentralandwesternpartsofthecountryandthemarketathomeandabroad.[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。原句的謂語(yǔ)是“輻射”,但根據(jù)句意則不能直譯成radiate,所以需要意譯進(jìn)行解釋,這里所指的“輻射這些市場(chǎng)”,其實(shí)是“設(shè)廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品可以在這些市場(chǎng)銷售”,因此譯成:theirproductscanbesoldinthesoutheasterncoastalmarket,themarketinthecentralandwesternpartsofthecountryandthemarketathomeandabroad。7.兵家必爭(zhēng)之地aplaceofstrategicimportanceinhistory。[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。兵家必爭(zhēng)之地是常見(jiàn)中國(guó)古語(yǔ),可譯成:aplaceofstrategicimportanceinhistory或者placeofconflict,但此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是重要作用,因此譯成前句。筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)模擬試卷第3套一、英譯漢(本題共1題,每題1.0分,共1分。)1、ResearchpublishedinMay1998bytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment,TransportandtheRegions(DETR)showedthatreducingcoastalandriverpollutionandensuringareliablewatersupplywereamongthetopenvironmentalprioritiesforthepublic.AlldischargestowaterintheUKrequiretheconsentoftheappropriateregulatoryauthority.InEnglandandWalestheEnvironmentAgency’sprincipalmethodofcontrollingwaterpollutionisthroughtheregulationofalleffluentdischarges,includingsewage,intogroundwater,andinlandandcoastalwaters.TheAgencymaintainspublicregisterscontaininginformationaboutwaterquality,dischargeconsents,authorizationsandmonitoring.ApplicantsforconsentstodischargehavetherightofappealiftheyaredissatisfiedwiththeAgency’sdecision;mostoftheseappealsaredealtwithbythePlanningInspectorate,anexecutiveagencyoftheDETR.InScotlandcontrolistheresponsibilityoftheScottishEnvironmentProtectionAgency(SEPA),andmostappealsaredealtwithbytheScottishOffice.InNorthernIrelandtheEnvironmentandHeritageServiceisresponsibleforcontrollingwaterpollution.In1997,therewere4,717casesinEnglandandWalesofdischargesexceedingtheirconsentedlimits,includinganumberofoffencesbywatercompaniesdischarginginsufficientlytreatedsewage.Themajorityofthesebreachesdidnotcauseanysignificantenvironmentaldamage.However,theEnvironmentAgencydidbring65casestocourt,ofwhich61weresuccessful,resultinginfinesrangingfrom£440to£12,000andoneprisonsentenceoftwomonths.InScotland,therewere2,734pollutionincidentsin1997;SEPAseeksprosecutioninallsignificantcases.In1997and1998,theGovernmentintroducedstatutoryEnvironmentalQualityStandards(EQSs)for33substancesinwater.Thenewregulationsgivelegalforceforthefirsttimetostandardsforsomeofthemostdangerouspollutantsfoundintheaquaticenvironment.IntheUK,96percentofthepopulationliveinpropertiesconnectedtoasewer,andsewagetreatmentworksserveover80percentofthepopulation.InEnglandandWales,thewaterindustryiscommittedtoaninvestmentprogrammeofsome£11,000millionovertenyearsforimprovementstowaterquality.Progressivelyhighertreatmentstandardsforindustrialwasteeffluentsandnewmeasurestocombatpollutionfromagricultureareexpectedtobringfurtherimprovementsinwaterquality.InScotland,responsibilityfortheprovisionofallwaterandsewerageserviceslieswiththreeWaterandSewerageAuthorities,coveringthenorth,eastandwestofthecountry.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:根據(jù)英國(guó)環(huán)境、交通及區(qū)域部于1998年5月公布的研究報(bào)告,減少沿海水域與河流的污染,保證供應(yīng)安全用水,乃是廣大公眾在環(huán)保方面的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。在英國(guó),向水中傾倒任何東西,都需征得有關(guān)管理部門(mén)的同意。在英格蘭和威爾士,環(huán)境署控制水污染的主要方法是監(jiān)控一切流入地下水及內(nèi)陸和沿海水域的廢水,包括污水。環(huán)境署存有公開(kāi)的記錄,記載著水質(zhì)、排放許可、授權(quán)單位、監(jiān)督情況等事項(xiàng)。申請(qǐng)排放許可者如對(duì)環(huán)境署的決定不滿,有權(quán)上訴,大多由計(jì)劃督察團(tuán)接受處理,督察團(tuán)是部屬的一個(gè)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。在蘇格蘭,是由蘇格蘭環(huán)保署(SEPA)負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)控,上訴大多由駐蘇格蘭辦事處接受處理。在北愛(ài)爾蘭,水污染由環(huán)境與遺產(chǎn)局負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)控。1997年,在英格蘭和威爾士共發(fā)生4717起超過(guò)許可限度的排污事件,其中有一些是水公司的過(guò)錯(cuò),它們排放了未經(jīng)充分處理的污水。這些違規(guī)行為絕大部分都沒(méi)有對(duì)環(huán)境造成重大危害。然而,環(huán)境署也的確將65起違規(guī)事件送上法庭,其中6l起環(huán)境署勝訴,判處的罰款自440鎊至12000鎊不等,還有一起判處敗訴方兩個(gè)月徒刑。在蘇格蘭,1997年共發(fā)生污染事件2734起;蘇格蘭環(huán)境保護(hù)署對(duì)情節(jié)嚴(yán)重者均予起訴。1997和1998年,政府實(shí)行法定環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),涉及水中33種物質(zhì)。新規(guī)定使得關(guān)于在水中發(fā)現(xiàn)的幾種最危險(xiǎn)的污染物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第一次具有法律效力。在英國(guó),96%人口的住宅與下水道系統(tǒng)相連,污水處理廠能為80%以上的人口服務(wù)。在英格蘭和威爾士,水工業(yè)承諾在十年間將投資約110億英鎊,以改善水質(zhì)。逐步提高工業(yè)廢水處理標(biāo)準(zhǔn),采取新措施以治理農(nóng)業(yè)造成的污染,預(yù)計(jì)將會(huì)進(jìn)一步提高水質(zhì)。在蘇格蘭,三個(gè)給水排污管理局負(fù)責(zé)給水和排污的事宜,分管全國(guó)的北部、東部和西部地區(qū)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析二、漢譯英(本題共1題,每題1.0分,共1分。)2、2006年我省實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值7493億元,同去年相比增長(zhǎng)12.1%,人均生產(chǎn)總值11830元,約合1500美元。正處于加速發(fā)展的新階段。我省農(nóng)業(yè)比較發(fā)達(dá),主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量一直位居全國(guó)前列。工業(yè)門(mén)類齊全,已基本形成10大優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和77個(gè)初具規(guī)模、各具特色的工業(yè)園區(qū),全省有近30種工業(yè)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量居全國(guó)前10位。第三產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展,商貿(mào)、物流、電信、廣播影視、旅游、出版、動(dòng)漫卡通等產(chǎn)業(yè)呈現(xiàn)良好發(fā)展勢(shì)頭,在全國(guó)均有一定地位。我省是6774萬(wàn)人口的大省,消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)非常活躍、潛力巨大。在我省投資設(shè)廠,可以輻射東南沿海市場(chǎng)、中西部地區(qū)市場(chǎng)以及國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)。我省綜合營(yíng)商成本相對(duì)低廉,勞動(dòng)力、水電、土地使用價(jià)格與沿海地區(qū)相比低1/3左右,近年來(lái)加快了產(chǎn)業(yè)配套和現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)發(fā)展步伐,企業(yè)營(yíng)商成本將進(jìn)一步降低。因此,我省已由歷史上兵家必爭(zhēng)之地發(fā)展成現(xiàn)代商家必爭(zhēng)之地。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:In2006,theGDPofourprovincecameto749.3billionRMByuan,anincreaseof12.1%overthepreviousyear.Itspercapitatotaloutputvaluewas11,830yuan,equivalenttoaboutUS$1,500.Itisenteringanewstageofaccelerateddevelopment.Itsagricultureisdeveloped.Theoutputofitsmajorfarmproductshasremainedinthefrontrankinthecountry.Ithasawiderangeofindustriesandbasicallyformed10majoradvantageousindustriesand77largeindustrialparkswithdifferentcharacteristics.Itsoutputsofabout30industrialproductsremaininthefirsttenplacesinthecountry.Itstertiaryindustryexpandsrapidly.Commerce,trade,logistics,telecommunications,radio,film,TV,tourism,publishing,animation,cartoonandotherindustriesmaintainagoodmomentumintheirdevelopmentandareofimportancetosomeextentinthecountry.Ourprovinceisalargeonewithapopulationof67.74million.Itsconsumermarketisdynamicandhasgreatpotential.Ifinvestmentismadeheretobuildfactories,theirproductscanbesoldinthesoutheasterncoastalmarket,themarketinthecentralandwesternpartsofthecountryandthemarketathomeandabroad.Thecomprehensiveoperatingcostsarerelativelylow,andpricesforlabor,water,electricityandlanduseareaboutone-thirdlowerthanthoseofthecoastalregion.Inrecentyears,ithasacceleratedthedevelopmentofsupportingindustriesandmodernlogisticsindustry.Enterprises’operatingcostswillfurtherfall.Soitshiftsfromaplaceofstrategicimportanceinhistorytoaregionofmodernbusinesscompetition.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)模擬試卷第4套一、英譯漢(本題共1題,每題1.0分,共1分。)1、AsdawnbreaksinHanoithebotanicalgardensstarttofillup.Hundredsofoldpeoplecomeeverymorningtoexercisebeforethetropicalheatmakessportunbearable.Groupsoffitnessenthusiastsproliferate.Elderlyladiesinfloralsilksdotaichiinacourtyard.Intheshadeofatalltree,dozensofballroomdancersswaytosambamusic.Othersworkupasweatonanoutdoorexercise-machine.Inthenextfewdecadesthegardenswillbecomebusierstill.Vietnamhasamedianageofonly26.Butitisgreyingfast.Over-60smakeup12%ofthepopulation,asharethatisforecasttojumpto21%by2040,oneofthequickestincreasesintheworld.Growingprosperityhasalsohelpedbringdownthefertilityrateinthesameperiodfromaboutsevenchildrenperwomantolessthantwo.DemographyischanginginsimilarwaysinmanyAsiancountries.ButinVietnamitishappeningwhilethecountryisstillpoor.WhentheshareofthepopulationofworkingageclimbedtoitshighestinSouthKoreaandJapan,annualGDPperpersonstoodat$32,585and$31,718respectively.EvenChinamanagedtoreach$9,526.InVietnam,whichhitthesamepeakin2013,incomesaveragedamere$5,024.Thisshiftbringsheadaches.First,willthegovernmentbeabletosupportmillionsmoreVietnameseinoldage?Onlytheextremelypoorandpeopleover80(togetheraround30%oftheelderly)getastatepension,whichcanbeaslittleasafewdollarsaweek.Themostrecentsurveyoftheold,in2011,foundthat90%ofthemhadnosavings.Debtwascommon.Supportingthemwillbecomeevermoreexpensive.TheIMFpredictsthatpensioncosts,atthepresentrate,couldraisegovernmentspendingasashareofGDPbyeightpercentagepointsby2050.Thatisfasterthaninanyoftheother12Asiancountriesitexamined.Theproblemis
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