2023-2024學年安徽省皖南八校高三下4月第三次聯(lián)考英語試題(解析版)

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省皖南八校2023-2024學年高三下4月第三次聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15〖答案〗是C。1.Wheremightthemanbe?A.Inapool. B.Inaboat. C.Inabath.〖答案〗A〖解析〗M:Idon’tlikethis.IfeellikeI’msinking.AreyousureI’llbeOK?W:You’redoingjustfine.Justkeepkickingyourlegs,andpushingoutwithyourarms.2.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sperformance?A.Disappointing. B.Boring. C.Satisfactory.〖答案〗C〖解析〗W:Youdidagreatjobtoday,Jack.Iheardyoumadeaverybigimpressiononthestudents.M:Thankyouforgivingmetheopportunity.Ireallylikethisschool.Pleasekeepmeinmindifyoueverneedsomeoneagain.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedoesn’tliketheshirt.B.Theshirtmightbetight.C.Thereceiptgotmissing.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:Andy,Iboughtashirtforyou.M:Thankyou.Ihopeyoukeptthereceipt.I’veputonsomeweight.4.Whydidthepoliceofficerstopthewoman?A.Becauseofthedrivingspeed.B.Becauseofthelicenseproblem.C.Becauseofthebrokentaillight.〖答案〗C〖解析〗M:Goodafternoon.CouldIpleaseseeyourlicense?W:Ohno.Isthereanissue?I’msureIwasdrivingunderthelimit.M:Nothingserious,butitlookslikeyourtaillightisout.5.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Confident. B.Nervous. C.Excited.〖答案〗B〖解析〗M:I’mnotsureifIcandothis.Whatifpeopledislikemyperformance?W:Youneedtostopgettingsoupset!Stopworryingaboutwhatpeoplethinksomuch.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatisthemanworriedabout?A.Hisfriend’svisit.B.Lossofhisfriend.C.Hispoorcooking.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Downloadanapp.B.Cookuniquecuisines.C.Gooutwithhisfriend.〖答案〗6.C7.A〖解析〗M:Lucy,oneofmylong-lostfriendswillcomearoundtohaveamealwithme.Afterwards,wewillhangoutinthewalkingdistrictnearby.W:Sowillyoudineout?M:Nope,Iwillcookforher,butmycookingwillsurelyupsether.W:Don’tworryandIrecommendaveryusefulapp,definitelyahitrecently.M:Wow,couldyoutellmethenameofit?W:Noproblem.ItiscalledSweetisine,integratingtheword“sweet”and“cuisine”.Anditofferssomanyrecipestochoosefrom.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Wheredoesthewomanworkfull-time?A.Inacompany.B.Inasupermarket.C.Atakindergarten.9.Whatrequirementcan’tthewomanmeet?A.Theage.B.Workexperience.C.Muchovertime.〖答案〗8.B9.C〖解析〗M:Anythinginterestinginthenewspaper?W:I’mnotreadingnews.I’mlookingatthejobinformation.M:Why?Aren’tyouworkingatthesupermarketnow?W:Yes.Butthesupermarketwillbeclosednextweek.NowIneedanewjob.M:I’msosorrytohearthat.Haveyoufoundanyusefuljobinformation?W:Yes.Acompanyislookingforasaleswoman.Itneedsawomanunder35yearsold,withatleastthreeyears’workexperience.M:Doyouwanttohaveatry?W:Yes.Imeettherequirements.Oh,no.Itsaysalotofovertimeworkisrequired.M:Youdon’twanttoworkovertime?W:No,Idon’t.IfIworkovertime,I’llhavelittletimeformypart-timeworkatthekindergarten.I’lllookforsomemoreinformation.HopefullyI’llfindasatisfyingjob.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.Whatkindofjeansdoesthemanwant?A.Slim. B.Relaxed. C.Regular.11.Whatisthemandissatisfiedwithabouttheblackjeans?A.Thedesign. B.Thematerial. C.Thecolor.12.Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodonext?A.Tryonthejeans. B.Makeapayment. C.Gotoanotherstore.〖答案〗10.C11.B12.A〖解析〗W:CanIhelpyou,sir?M:Yes.I’dliketobuyapairofjeans.W:Isee.Whatstyledoyouwant:slim,regularorrelaxed?M:I’dlikearegularfit.Andmysizeis32.W:Justamoment.Howaboutthisblackpair?M:Ilikethedesignandthecolor,butitfeelsrough.Iprefersomethingcomfortable.W:Thenwhatdoyousayaboutthisdarkbluepair?M:Itseemsperfect.Howmuchisit?W:$105.Andthefittingroomisoverthere.M:OK.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Thepopularityofthetopic.B.Thelimitedtimeforthepresentation.C.Theamountofinformationtoprepare.14.Whatisthefirstmainpointofthepresentation?A.Waysofhelpingbees.B.Theimportanceofbees.C.Problemsaffectingbeestoday.15.WhatisMr.Lee?A.Ateacher. B.Aphotographer. C.Areporter.16.What’sadvisedtobeaddedtothepresentationbytheman?A.Diagrams. B.Statistics. C.Photos.〖答案〗13.B14.B15.A16.C〖解析〗W:OK,soourtopicforthepresentationisbees.Howmanymainpointsdowehave?M:Three.W:There’salotofinformation,butweonlyhaveeightminutes.M:Ithinkwecanorganizethewholepresentationaroundourthreemainpoints.W:Shouldwestartbyshowingthatbeesareanimportantnaturalresource?Theyhelpplantsreproduce.Withoutbees,alotofcropswouldbemoreexpensivetogrow.M:Let’smakethatclearsopeopleunderstandwhyweallneedbees.W:Now,Ifoundareportthatsaysalotofbeesaredyingrightnow.Thereporthasalotofstatisticsaboutpopulationnumbers.Shouldweusethat?M:Well,I’mworriedthosestatisticsmightbeconfusing.Mr.Leesaidwehavetomakeourpresentationbriefandtothepoint,andthat’simportantforourgrades.W:OK.Maybewecouldjustputsomeofthestatisticsinadiagram.M:Let’sdothat.Andwecouldshowsomephotosofbees.W:Goodidea.M:Soforthelastpart,wecouldmakealistofwhatpeoplecandotohelpbees.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.HowdidPenangToyMuseumentertheMalaysianBookofRecords?A.IthasthebiggesttoyinMalaysia.B.It’sthelargestmuseuminMalaysia.C.It’sthefirsttoymuseuminMalaysia.18.Whendidtheownergethisfirsttoy?A.In1973. B.In2000. C.In2005.19.WhatdoweknowabouttheGundamrobot?A.It’sfromMalaysia.B.It’scheapandordinary.C.It’s180centimeterstall.20.HowmanyhoursisthemuseumopenonSaturday?A.6. B.9. C.12.〖答案〗17.C18.A19.C20.B〖解析〗M:Asthelargestofitskindintheworld,PenangToyMuseumhasover110,000toys,dollsandotherfunthings.IthasalsoenteredtheMalaysianBookofRecordsforbeingthefirsttoymuseuminthecountry.Themuseum,openedin2005,wasfoundedbyLohLeanCheng.Hesaiditallbeganwithhisloveoftoys.HestartedtocollecttoysaftervisitingtheLondonToyandModelMuseumattheageof19.Startingfromthefirsttoythatheboughtin1973,thecollectionhasjustkeptongrowingandgrowing.Today,youcanfindalmosteverythingabouttoyshere.AccordingtoLohLeanCheng,someofhistoysarelimitededitions.Oneofthemostexpensivethingsinthemuseumisa1.8-metertallGundamrobotfromJapan.Therearemoretoycollectionstobeadded,accordingtotheownerwhoreceivesabout1000to2000visitorsperday.IfyougotoMalaysia,don’tforgettogoandhavealookatthetoys.Themuseumisopendailyfrom9:00a.m.to6:00p.m.,includingweekendsandpublicholidays.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AApplyforthe2024—2025SchoolYearWearethrilledthatyouareconsideringMaristSchoolforyourchild’snextchapter.Maristhastwoprimaryentrypointsforstudentsin7thand9thgradestowhichwetypicallyaccept150and50studentsrespectively.MaristSchoolutilizesRavenna,anapplicationmanagementapp,forallaspectsoftheadmissionsprocess.ThroughRavenna,parentscanaccesstheMaristapplication,submitsupportingmaterials,trackapplicationstatus,andviewadmissiondecisions.Ourapplicationforthe2024—2025schoolyearwillbeavailablelateSeptemberwithadeadlineonJanuary18,2024.Importantly,MaristcontinuestorequiretheSSATaspartoftheapplicationprocess.OnSaturday,January6,2024,MaristwillserveasacommunitytestsitefortheSSAT.ThisisthelastnationaltestingdaypriortoourapplicationdeadlinewhenafirstsetofSSATscoresisdue.ImportantDatesSeptember2023—March2024MaristSchooladmissionseventsLateSeptember2023Marist2024—2025applicationavailableinRavennaOctober2023—January2024RequiredSSATtestingDecember3,2023OpenHouseJanuary18,2024DeadlinetoapplytoMarist;preliminary(初步的)applicationandfee,parentandstudentquestionnaires,andafirstsetofSSATscoresaredueFebruary1,2024DeadlineforMaristtoreceiveanyoutstandingsupplementalmaterials;transcripts,teacherandadministratorevaluations,andparish/churchverificationformaredueFebruary12,2024DeadlinetosubmitseparatetuitionassistanceapplicationMarch30,2024AAAIScommonnotificationdateApril11,2024Deadlinetorespondtoofferofadmission21.What’sthetext?A.Abrochureofadmission. B.Aschoolcalender.C.Ascheduleoflectures. D.Atimetableofstudent.22.WhenisitunabletoapplyforMaristSchool?A.LateOctober,2023. B.December,2023.C.AtChristmasof2023. D.LateJanuary,2024.23.Whichistherightwaytosubmittheapplication?A.Inperson. B.Bypost. C.Online D.Onrecommendation.【語篇解讀】本文為一篇應用文。文章是一篇關于MaristSchool2024—2025學年的申請通知。通知中提供了關于申請流程、截止日期和重要日期的詳細信息?！即鸢浮?1.A22.D23.C【21題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“Maristhastwoprimaryentrypointsforstudentsin7thand9thgradestowhichwetypicallyaccept150and50studentsrespectively.(Marist為7年級和9年級的學生提供了兩個主要入學點，我們通常分別接受150名和50名學生。)”及全文信息可知，本文主要講述了Marist學校2024-2025學年的招生要求和安排，即一份招生簡章。故選A項。【22題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“Ourapplicationforthe2024—2025schoolyearwillbeavailablelateSeptemberwithadeadlineonJanuary18,2024.(我們2024-2025學年的申請將于9月下旬提交，截止日期為2024年1月18日。)”可知，2024年一月下旬無法報名申請Marist學校。故選D項?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“MaristSchoolutilizesRavenna,anapplicationmanagementapp,forallaspectsoftheadmissionsprocess.(Marist學校利用申請管理應用程序Ravenna進行招生過程的各個方面。)”可知，MaristSchool2024—2025學年整個招生錄取工作是通過在指定app上進行操作，即在線提交申請。故選C項。BLikemanynewgraduates,IleftuniversityfullofhopeforthefuturebutwithnorealideaofwhatIwantedtodo.Mydegree,withhonors,inEnglishliteraturehadnotreallypreparedmeforanythingpractical.IknewIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworldsomehow,butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That’swhenIlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject.IstartedmyjourneyasaLighthouseProjectvolunteerbyreadingasmuchasIcouldabouttheexperiencesofpreviousvolunteers.Iknewitwouldbealotofhardwork,andthatIwouldbeawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsforaverylongtime.Inshort,IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.Neitherdidmyfamily.Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportforduty.IwouldbegoingtoasmallvillagenearAbuja,Nigeria.Where?What?Nigeria?Ihadnoidea.ButIwasabouttofindout.Aftercompletingmytraining,Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmallanddesperatelyinneedofproperaccommodation.Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor,theyofferedtheirhomes,food,andheartsasifIweretheirownfamily.Iwasaskedtoleadasmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso,Itaughtinthatsameschoolhouse.ButIsometimesthinkIlearnedmorefrommystudentsthantheydidfromme.Sometimeduringthatperiod,Irealizedthatallthosethingsthathadseemedsostrangeorunusualtomenolongerdid,thoughIdidnotgetanywherewiththelocallanguage,andreturnedtotheUnitedStatesadifferentman.TheLighthouseProjecthadchangedmylifeforever.24.WhydidthewriterenterfortheLighthouseProject?A.Becausehismajorwasconnectedwithit.B.Becausehewasextremelyfamiliarwithit.C.Becausehewantedtomaketheworldabetterplace.D.Becausenewgraduateshadtoworkforitaftergraduation.25.Howwasthewriter’sapplicationprocess?A.Awkward. B.Complex.C.Entertaining. D.Effortless.26.Whatdidthewriterdointhevillage?A.Workingasateacher.B.Helpingvillagersbuildhospitals.C.Raisingmoneyforhisstudents.D.InvitinglocalstoenterhisProject.27.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.ALife-changingVoluntaryExperienceB.TheMemorableandRewardinglifeinAbujaC.LighthouseProject—ThePromiseofAfricanEducationD.LighthouseProject—aVolunteerOrganizationforNewGraduates【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述的是作者從事“燈塔計劃”志愿者的經歷以及作者的感悟?！即鸢浮?4.C25.B26.A27.A【24題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據首段“IknewIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworldsomehow,butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That’swhenIlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject.(我知道我想以某種方式改變世界，但我不知道該怎么做。那時我才知道了燈塔計劃。)”可知，作者大學畢業(yè)后想要有所作為，但又苦于無從做起，于是選擇了LighthouseProject。故選C項?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.(然而，最終，我贏得了家人的支持，我遞交了申請所需的所有文件。經過無數的面試和陳述，我成功地從眾多候選人中脫穎而出，獨自通過了考試。)”和第四段“Aftercompletingmytraining,Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmallanddesperatelyinneedofproperaccommodation.(完成訓練后，我被送到一個非常需要適當住所的小村莊。)”可知，作者從申請到最終被錄取需要提交文件、多次的面試和演講、測試和培訓，可謂時間長，環(huán)節(jié)多，由此可知，作者申請的過程相當復雜。故選B項?！?6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“Iwasaskedtoleadasmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso,Itaughtinthatsameschoolhouse.(我被要求帶領一小隊當地人建造一所新校舍。在接下來的一年左右的時間里，我在同一所學校教書。)”可知，作者幫助村民建學校，并在那里教書。故選A項。【27題詳析】主旨大意題。根據尾段中的“TheLighthouseProjecthadchangedmylifeforever.(燈塔計劃永遠地改變了我的生活。)”可知，作者畢業(yè)后加入LighthouseProject這一組織，經培訓后被派往非洲尼日尼亞的一個鄉(xiāng)村支教，雖然那里生活和工作條件艱苦，但是那里的人們善良且友好，朝夕相處中，作者了解了那里的人、事、物，自己也發(fā)生了改變，這段志愿支教經歷對作者的人生產生了深遠的影響，由此可知，標題“改變人生的志愿經歷”概括了文章的內容，適合作為最佳標題。故選A項。CDroughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain,leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently,peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem—amethodofencouragingprecipitation(降水)bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingitseffectiveness.“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththat,butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now,thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds,whichisfarmoreunpredictable.”saidhe.Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.Itmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginoneplaceanddon’tinanother,it’simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion,”saysKatjaFriedrich,aresearcherofUniversityofColorado.Additionally,it’snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthechanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought,thencloudseedingisn’tanoptionduetothelackofclouds.Duringdrought,skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontopreventdroughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels,thechemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals,andsomestudieshavefoundthemslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat,someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthelong-termimpacts,asthereisn’tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulateintheenvironmentover10years.28.Whatisthepurposeofcloudseeding?A.Toincreasegrainoutput.B.Toslowdownglobalwarming.C.Toreducechemicalsintheair.D.Todealwithdryandrain-freeweather.29.HowisArlenHuggins’earliestexperienceinParagraph2?A.It’seffective. B.It’sunsuccessful.C.It’ssatisfying. D.It’sfruitful.30.WhatisKatjaFriedrich’sattitudetowardscloudseeding?A.Favourable. B.Opposed.C.Unclear. D.Doubtful.31.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Droughtcurrentlyposestheonlythreattoforestsandcrops.B.Rainmakinginanyweatherwillcometrueinthenearfuture.C.Researchersnowcannottellifrainfallisbroughtbycloudseeding.D.Chemicalssentintothecloudswillbecomelesspoisonousovertime.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要討論了干旱成為全球變暖環(huán)境下的一個嚴重問題，而“人工降雨”被認為是解決干旱問題的一種方法。然而，人工降雨的效果難以確定，并且存在環(huán)境問題和水資源分配問題。因此，雖然云霧處理可能會在一些條件下對緩解干旱有一定益處，但其實用性和可行性仍有待討論?！即鸢浮?8.D29.B30.D31.C【28題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Droughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain,leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently,peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem—amethodofencouragingprecipitation(降水)bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.(在我們日益變暖的世界里，干旱是一個日益嚴重的問題。所有大陸都經歷了更長時間的無雨期，導致森林火災和作物生長不良。因此，人們正在研究人工增雨來解決這個問題——一種通過將某些化學物質的小顆粒送入云層來鼓勵降水的方法。)”可知，人工降雨是為了能應對干旱無雨的天氣。故選D項?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththat,butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now,thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds,whichisfarmoreunpredictable.(我最早的經驗是在科羅拉多州東北部使用播云來減少冰雹的數量。我們運氣不好，但后來我們在猶他州的降雪量不斷增加的情況下取得了成功?，F(xiàn)在，焦點正轉向夏季云層帶來的降雨量增加，這一點更不可預測。)”可知，ArlenHuggins最初是想用人工降雨的方法來減少美國科羅拉多州北部下冰雹的數量，遺憾的是運氣不好，即失敗了。故選B項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion,(由于播云成本高昂，其有效性也不確定，因此其有用性仍有待商榷，)”可知，KatjaFriedrich認為人工降雨的做法代價高且效果不確定，是有待商榷的，即對其是持懷疑態(tài)度的。故選D項?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.Itmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginoneplaceanddon’tinanother,it’simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.(問題是，很難知道降水是否直接來自云層播種。不管怎樣，可能已經下雨或下雪了。即使你在一個地方練習播云，而在另一個地方不練習，也不可能確切地知道是什么導致了降水。)”可知，研究人員現(xiàn)在無法判斷降雨是否是由云層播種帶來的。故選C項。DWhatdoesitmeantobeintelligent?Ifit’sdefinedbyhavingthebiggestbrain,thenspermwhales(抹香鯨)—whosebrainis20pounds—wouldbethebrightestcreaturesonEarth.But,morelikely,it’showabrainiswired.Viewedinthisway,intelligenceiswhatgivesanorganismthebestchancetosurviveinanenvironment.Languagemaybeoneofthebestwaystodemonstratethatkindofsmarts.“Languageallowinghumanstobeamoreadvancedspeciesisahypothesisthatsomebodycameupwithonedaywithoutreallytryingtoproveit,”saysErichJarvis,aprofessorwhostudiestheneuro-biologyofvocallearning.“Theideastuckaround,butsohaveothercommonbeliefsthatarenotreallysupportedwithevidence,”hepointsout.Togetabettergraspofvocallearningandcognition,thestudyauthorsturnedtosongbirds.Theteamperformedsevencognitiveexperimentson214songbirdsfrom23differentspecies.Ofthese,21specieswerecaughtfromthewild.Theresttwostudiedaredomesticated(家養(yǎng)的).Thebehavioraltestsexaminedthebirds’problemsolving,forinstance,figuringouthowtoremoveanobjecttoaccessthefoodreward.Theresearchersalsotestedtwootherskillsoftenassociatedwithintelligence:learningbyassociation,pluswhat’scalledreversal(倒轉的)learning,inwhichananimaladjustsitsbehaviortogetareward.Theythenlookedatwhetherbeingvocallearnershelpeddevelopthethreeskills,comparing21birdspeciestotwootherswhichwerenon-vocallearners.Jarvis’newstudyprovidessomeofthefirstevidencethatvocallearning—oneofthecrucialcomponentsforaspokenlanguage—isassociatedwithproblemsolving.Vocallearningbirdspeciescouldcomeupwithinnovativeideas,suchasgettingseeds,orcatchingawormtrappedunderacupbyremovingtheobstacleorpullingitapart.Allthreeabilities—problemsolving,associativelearning,andreversallearning—aretypicallyconsidered“componentsofintelligence,”hesays.“Onequestionleftunanswerediswhythere’ssuchastrongrelationshipbetweenproblem-solvingabilitiesandvocallearning.Thebrainareasinchargeofvocallearningarenotthesameonesthatgetactivatedwhenweneedtotroubleshoot(分析解決)anissue,”saysMichaelGoldstein,aprofessorofpsychologyatCornellUniversitywhostudiesvocallearninginsongbirdsandhumansbutwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.32.WhichcanprobablydefineintelligenceaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Language. B.Brainsize.C.Brainstructure. D.Environment.33.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A.Guarantee. B.Assumption.C.Category. D.Distribution.34.WhatareParagraphs3&4mainlyabout?A.Habitsofsongbirds.B.Methodsofdomesticatingsongbirds.C.Outlineofthestudy.D.Threephasesofdisplayingintelligence.35.Whatmaythetexttalkaboutnext?A.Themechanismthatbridgesallthebrainregions.B.Thefunctionsofthebrainareasthatcantroubleshootissues.C.Thereasonswhysongbirds’intelligencecannotdevelopfurther.D.Thereasonswhyvocallearninginfluenceproblem-solvingabilities.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，語音學習與解決問題的能力密切相關。文章對此進行了介紹?！即鸢浮?2.C33.B34.C35.D【32題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段前三句“Whatdoesitmeantobeintelligent?Ifit’sdefinedbyhavingthebiggestbrain,thenspermwhales(抹香鯨)—whosebrainis20pounds—wouldbethebrightestcreaturesonEarth.But,morelikely,it’showabrainiswired.(智力意味著什么？如果它的定義是擁有最大的大腦，那么抹香鯨——它的大腦有20磅重——將是地球上最聰明的生物。但更有可能的，是大腦的連接方式。)”可知，大腦結構可能定義智力。故選C。【33題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據第二段第一句中的“somebodycameupwithonedaywithoutreallytryingtoproveit(有人在某天提出的，卻沒有真正去證明它)”可知，此處是指有人提出的一個假設，所以hypothesis意為“假設”。故選B?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第三段前兩句“Togetabettergraspofvocallearningandcognition,thestudyauthorsturnedtosongbirds.Theteamperformedsevencognitiveexperimentson214songbirdsfrom23differentspecies.(為了更好地掌握聲樂學習和認知，研究作者轉向了鳴禽。研究小組對來自23個不同物種的214只鳴禽進行了7項認知實驗。)”和第四段第一句“Jarvis’newstudyprovidessomeofthefirstevidencethatvocallearning—oneofthecrucialcomponentsforaspokenlanguage—isassociatedwithproblemsolving.(Jarvis的新研究首次提供了一些證據，證明語音學習——口語的關鍵組成部分之一——與解決問題有關。)”可知，第三段和第四段介紹了這項新研究的方法和結果，即研究的梗概。故選C。【35題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Onequestionleftunanswerediswhythere’ssuchastrongrelationshipbetweenproblem-solvingabilitiesandvocallearning.(有一個問題沒有得到解答，那就是為什么解決問題的能力和語音學習之間存在如此密切的關系。)”可知，文章接下來有可能討論語音影響解決問題能力的原因。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Readingisanexerciseforthemind.Itisgoodforourvocabularyandliteracyskills,teachingusmathorscienceconceptsandhelpinguslearnhistory.Apartfromthose,readinghasanotherbenefit.Haveyoureadastoryandfelttearswellupbecauseofacharacter’ssuffering?Ifso,thatisbecauseyouhaveempathy(共情)forthecharacter.____36____Researchshowsthathumanbrainsreactdifferentlytostoriesandfacts.____37____Inaddition,yourbrainthinksyouareinthestory,whichmeansyouexperiencethecharacters’thoughtsasiftheywerereal.____38____Thisskill,calledemotionalintelligence(EI),canmakeiteasiertocommunicateandconnectwithpeople.Researchshowsthatbuildingthisintelligencecanleadtogreatertolerance.OnestudyfoundthatpeoplewhoreadtheHarryPotternovels,whichtellstoriesabouthumansfightingagainsttheevil,werelesslikelytobehaveunfairlytowardspowerlessgroupsincludingrefugees(難民).ThistheoryofEIhasbeenputintopracticeinschools.AfterreadingTheBoyattheBackoftheClass,astoryaboutaboywhoisarefugeeescapingfromthewar,studentsinStMichael’sHighSchoolwereinspiredtodoa10-milewalkforthenon-profitorganization—RefugeeAction.____39________40____Notonlyarewemorelikelytoengageinhelpfulbehaviorswhenwefeelempathyforotherpeople,butothersarealsomorelikelytohelpuswhentheyexperienceempathy.Forsocietytodevelop,communicativeandempatheticindividualsreallymatter.A.Inaway,allthisincreasesourabilitytoreadwell.B.Thispermitspeopletolimittheiremotionsthatothersarefeeling.C.Manymoreareasofyourbrainlightupwhenyou’reenjoyingastory.D.Italsostimulatedthemtoraise￡1,000forthehomelesscausedbywar.E.Readingencouragesustoempathizewithothers,whichcouldbebeneficial.F.Empathyhelpsyoutoreadpeople’semotionsandworkoutthebestwaytorespond.G.Ithelpsyouseeintootherpeople’sheartsandcanbelearnedthroughvariousstories.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究表明閱讀可以幫助培養(yǎng)同理心，這是有益的。〖答案〗36.G37.C38.F39.D40.E【36題詳析】上文“Haveyoureadastoryandfelttearswellupbecauseofacharacter’ssuffering?Ifso,thatisbecauseyouhaveempathy(共情)forthecharacter.(你是否讀過一個故事，因為一個人物的痛苦而熱淚盈眶？如果是這樣，那是因為你對角色有共情。)”提到“共情”，結合諸選項信息可知，G選項“它可以幫助你看到別人的心，可以通過不同的故事來學習?！逼鹾险Z境，該句就是對上文“empathy”進行說明和解釋，“it”指代“empathy”，“stories”呼應上文“story”。故選G?！?7題詳析】根據本段首句“Researchshowsthathumanbrainsreactdifferentlytostoriesandfacts.(研究表明，人類大腦對故事和事實的反應是不同的。)”可知，本段主要談論人的大腦會根據不同的故事和事實產生不同的反應；C選項“當你在欣賞一個故事時，你的大腦會有更多的區(qū)域被激活。”也是談論當人閱讀時大腦的反應，契合語境。故選C?！?8題詳析】下文“Thisskill,calledemotionalintelligence(EI),canmakeiteasiertocommunicateandconnectwithpeople.(這種技能被稱為情商，可以讓你更容易與人溝通和聯(lián)系。)”講述情感智力這項技能能夠使溝通和與人建立聯(lián)系更容易，F(xiàn)選項“同理心可以幫助你讀懂別人的情緒并想出最佳方式來回應?！逼鹾险Z境，下文Thisskill指代F項中的Empathy。故選F?！?9題詳析】上文“AfterreadingTheBoyattheBackoftheClass,astoryaboutaboywhoisarefugeeescapingfromthewar,studentsinStMichael’sHighSchoolwereinspiredtodoa10-milewalkforthenon-profitorganization—RefugeeAction.(在讀完《教室后面的男孩》后，圣邁克爾高中的學生們受到啟發(fā)，為非營利組織‘難民行動’進行了10英里的步行活動。這本書講述了一個逃離戰(zhàn)爭的男孩的故事。)”進一步舉例說在讀了《教室后面的男孩》這本書后，圣邁克爾高中的學生的反應，選項D“這也促使他們?yōu)橐驊?zhàn)爭而無家可歸的人籌集了1000英鎊?！币彩窃谡務摲磻捍偈顾麄?yōu)橐驊?zhàn)亂而無家可歸之人募集一千英鎊，因而契合語境。故選D?！?0題詳析】由本空所在位置可知，此處為段首句，總括全段信息，下文“Notonlyarewemorelikelytoengageinhelpfulbehaviorswhenwefeelempathyforotherpeople,butothersarealsomorelikelytohelpuswhentheyexperienceempathy.Forsocietytodevelop,communicativeandempatheticindividualsreallymatter.(當我們對他人感同身受時，我們不僅更有可能做出有益的行為，而且當他人感同身受時，他們也更有可能幫助我們。為了社會的發(fā)展，善于溝通和善解人意的個人真的很重要。)”談論當我們對他人感同身受時，我們不僅更有可能做出有益的行為，而且當他人感同身受時，他們也更有可能幫助我們，是在講述共情對人有益。由此可知，選項E“閱讀鼓勵我們去同情他人，這是有益的?！逼鹾险Z境。故選E。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短