新視野英語(yǔ)試題

1.ThetheoryofclasscurrentlyprevailingintheWestis

basedonwhatMaxWeber,aGermansociologist,

proposed.

A.fairly

cB.kindly

C.greatly

D.largely

2.HisanswerwassoconfusedthatIcouldhardlymakeany

ofitatall.

A.recognition

LJ

B.meaning

LJ

_C.intelligence

LJ

區(qū)D.sense

3.Shethetroublesaheadandtookstepstoavoid

them.

A.assumed

LJ

B.proclaimed

LJ

區(qū)C.foresaw

_D.claimed

匕

4.Accordingtotheofthecontract,tenants（房客）

mustgivesixmonths'noticeiftheyintendtoleave.

A.laws

LJ

…B.rules

C.terms

D.details

5.Hehasanexcellentasacriminallawyer.

A.popularity

cB.fame

C.regard

D.reputation

6.Thegovernmentclearlyhadnottheslightestof

changingthelegislation,inspiteofthecontinuedprotest.

A.desire

LJ

0B.ambition

C.willingness

口

D.intention

LJ

7.Completetheformasinthenotesbelow.

A.insisted

口

區(qū)B.specified

LJC.implied

…D.devised

8.WhenIgotmycaseback,ithadbeendamaged

repair.

-A.above

B.beyond

cC.over

D.further

Healways—thistownwithhiscousin.

A.associates

cB.reminds

C.relates

□D.accounts

10.,Iwillnotbuyit.

A.MuchasIlikeit

B.AsIlikeitmuch

C.MuchalthoughIlikeit

D.ThoughmuchIlikeit

Sheranbacktothekitchen,eggscarefullyinher

hands.

A.holding

cB.tobeheld

C.wereheld

D.held

Thepatientcannotbutthedoctor'sinstructions,

thoughhedoesn'tthinkitnecessary.

A.following

cB.tofollow

C.follow

cD.followed

13.Shewasgladthathersuccesswouldforthe

womenwhowouldfollow.

區(qū)A.makethingseasier

廠B.makehereasier

LJ

C.beeasier

LJ

_D.beeasiertomake

14.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,

andperfectedrightnow.

A.developed

口

B.havedeveloped

LJ

C.willhavebeendeveloped

Lu

D.arebeingdeveloped

15.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut

thepolice.

A.calledin

LJ

lB.callingin

LJ

區(qū)C.tocallin

D.callin

口

16.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios

after11o'clockatnight.

A.notbeplayed

B.nottoplay

cC.werenotplayed

cD.didnotplay

Thelastmanthesinkingshipwasthecaptain.

A.left

B.tobeleaving

C.toleave

D.leaving

Therenofurtherbusiness,themeetingcametoa

stop.

A.being

B.been

C.was

cD.hadbeen

Aftertheaccidentshesufferedbrainandcouldn't

speak.

A.destruction

B.disease

C.harm

D.damage

20.Thefortheflatis$80weekly.

A.price

B.cost

C

cC.hire

D.rent

Togetajob,youreallyneedtoknowa

lotaboutthepersonwhoismakingthe

hiringdecision.Whatwillittaketo1.

trigger.

—Jthatpersontohire

you?Forexample,IhaveaMaster's

Iaccounting▼

degreein2.I-I

However,havingallofthisknowledgein

Ialways

myfielddoesnot3.I"3

hiring

help.Some4.3

managerspreferotherthings.Theywant

youtopossessmore5.

Iabstract-^qualifications.They

as

termthese6.Emotional

Intelligence.Inmyview,thisjusta7.

versionJtodisguiseanotherfact.

Iwhich

unfairpracticesareinvolved.The

personwhomakesthe9.

final□

―Icallonthecandidate's

selectionisnotbasinghisdecisionon

yourskills.Thatis,heisnotchoosing

youbasedonyourabilities,10.

butratherJ,whetherhelikes

youornot.Ifheactually11.

admittedTthis,otherswouldget

angry.Itwouldbeconsideredani(legal

practice

Candidateswithfarlessexperienceand

onlyanundergraduatedegreehave13.

Iovercome▼

I」meoutforjobs.

ThisisbecauseIapparentlyamtoo14.

Iqualified~~

II.Thatreallymeans

thehiringmanagerdidn'tlikemy15.

personality▼

I」asmuchasthe

otherguy's.Thispracticeisridiculous.I

committed▼

I_____…..................................-Jmylileto

myprofession.Ihavelearnedthemost

17|present-day.....................▼|

techniques.Ihavedonethis,onlytofind

outthatIknowtoomuchtobe18.

I~~in

I-Janyvaluetoacompany.I

shouldhavespentmytime19.

incorporating▼

-Iwhatthese

managersreallywantedintomy

personality.Icould'velearnedallofthe

triflessothatotherpeoplemightthink

Ipossess▼

thatI20.I—Ithe

qualificationstheyvaluemuch.Itwould

haveservedmebetterthanactually

learninghowtodomyjob.

<<PREVIOUSNEXT

Chinesefoodiswidelyseenas

representingoneoftherichestand

mostdiversefoodtraditionsinthe

world.Itbeganindifferentregionsof

Chinaandhasbeenintroducedto

otherpartsoftheworld——from

SoutheastAsiatoNorthAmerica

andWesternEurope.

Overview

AmealinChinesecultureistypically

seenasconsistingoftwogeneral

components:(1)riceornoodlesand

(2)accompanyingdishesof

vegetables,fish,meat,orother

items.

Asiswellknownthroughoutthe

world,riceisacriticalpartofmuch

ofChinesefood.However,inmany

partsofChina,particularlyNorth

China,wheat-basedproducts

includingnoodlesaremostcommon,

incontrasttoSouthChinawhere

riceisdominant.Despitethe

importanceofriceinChinesefood,

atextremelyformaloccasions,itis

sometimesthecasethatnoriceat

allwillbeserved;insuchacase,

ricewouldonlybeprovidedwhenno

otherdishesremained,orasatoken

dishattheendofthemeal.Soupis

usuallyservedattheendofameal

tosatisfyone'sappetite.Owingto

Westerninfluences,servingsoupin

thebeginningofamealisalsoquite

normalinmoderntimes.

Chopsticksaretheprimaryeating

toolinChinesecultureforsolid

foods,whilesoupsandotherliquids

areenjoyedwithawide,

flat-bottomedspoon.Itisreported

thatwoodenchopsticksarelosing

theirdominanceduetorecent

loggingshortfallsinChinaandEast

Asia;manyChineseeating

establishmentsareconsideringa

switchtoamoreenvironmentally

sustainableeatingtool,suchas

plasticorbamboochopsticks.More

expensivematerialsusedinthepast

includedsilver.Ontheotherhand,

disposablechopsticksmadeof

wood/bamboohaveallbutreplaced

reusableonesinsmallrestaurants.

InmostdishesinChinesecooking,

foodispreparedinsmallerpieces

(e.g.vegetable,meat,andtofu),

readyfordirectpickingupand

eating.Traditionally,Chineseculture

consideredusingknivesandforksat

thetable“uncivilized”duetothefact

thattheseimplementsareregarded

asweapons.Fishareusually

cookedandservedwhole,with

dinersdirectlypullingpiecesfrom

thefishwithchopstickstoeat,unlike

insomeotherfoodwheretheyare

firstcut.Thisisbecauseitisdesired

forfishtobeservedasfreshas

possible.AcommonChinesesaying

"includingheadandtail'1referstothe

wholenessandcompletionofa

certaintaskor,inthiscase,the

displayoffood.

InaChinesemeal,eachindividualis

givenhisownbowlofricewhilethe

accompanyingdishesareservedin

sharedplates(orbowls)whichare

sharedbyeveryonesittingatthe

table,asharedserviceknownas

"familystyle"inWesternnations.In

theChinesemeal,eachperson

picksfoodoutofthesharedplates

withhischopsticks.Thisisin

contrasttoWesternmealswhereit

iscustomarytoserveoutindividual

servingsofthedishesatthe

beginningofthemeal.Many

non-Chineseareuncomfortablewith

allowingaperson'sindividualtools

totouchthesharedplates;forhealth

reasons,additionalservingspoons

orchopsticksmaybemade

available.Thefoodselectedisoften

eatentogetherwithamouthfulof

rice.

Vegetarians(素食主義者)arenot

uncommonorunusualinChina,

though,asisthecaseintheWest,is

stillonlypracticedbyarelatively

smallproportionofthepopulation.

TheChinesevegetariandoesnot

eatalotoftofu,unlikethe

stereotypicalimpressionintheWest.

MostChinesevegetariansare

religious.Non-Chineseeating

Chinesefoodwillnotethatalarge

numberofvegetabledishesmay

actuallycontainmeat,asmeat

piecesorbitshavebeentraditionally

usedtoflavordishes.Chinese

religiousfoodhasmanytrue

vegetariandishes(nomeatatall).

FormuchofChina'shistory,human

wastehasbeenusedasfertilizer

duetothelargehumanpopulation

andtherelativescarcityoffarm

animalsinChina.Forthisreason,

rawfood(especiallyrawvegetables

suchassalad)hasnotbeenpartof

thetraditionalChinesediet.

Dessertsassucharelesstypicalin

ChineseculturethanintheWest.

Chinesemealsdonottypicallyend

withadessertordessertcourseas

iscommoninWesterncooking.

Instead,sweetfoodsareoften

introducedduringthecourseofthe

mealwithnofirmdistinctionmade.

Forinstance,somefruitdishesare

eatenalongsidedishesthatwould

beconsideredmaincourseitemsin

theWest.However,manysweet

foodsanddessertsdoexistin

Chinesefood.Manyarefried,and

severalincorporateredbeanpaste.

Ifdessertisservedattheendofthe

meal,byfarthemosttypicalchoice

isfreshfruit,suchasslicedoranges.

Thesecondmostpopularchoiceisa

typeofsweetsoup,typicallymade

withredbeansandsugar.Thissoup

isservedwarm.

InChineseculture,colddrinksare

believedtobeharmfultodigestionof

hotfood,soitemslikeice-coldwater

orsoftdrinksaretraditionallynot

servedatmeal-time.Besidessoup,

ifanyotherdrinksareserved,they

wouldmostlikelybehotteaorhot

water.Teaisbelievedtohelpinthe

digestionofoilyfoods.

Contemporaryhealthtrends

AccordingtotheUnitedNations

FoodandAgricultureOrganization

estimatesfor2000-2002,11%ofthe

populationofthePeople'sRepublic

ofChinawereundernourished.The

numberofundernourishedpeoplein

thecountryhasfallenfrom386.6

millionin1969-1971to142.1million

in2000-2002.Thecountrystill

receivesinternationalfoodaid,but

theWorldFoodProgramnotesthat

thecountryachieveditsgoalof

nationalagriculturalself-sufficiency

inthemid1990s.TheWorldFood

Programsayshungeris

concentratedinrural,resource-poor

areasofnorthern,northwestern,and

southwesternChina.

AtypicalChinesepeasantbefore

industrializationwouldhaveeaten

meatrarelyandmostmealswould

haveconsistedofriceaccompanied

withgreenvegetables,withprotein

conningfromfoodslikenuts.Fats

andsugarwereluxuriesnoteaten

regularlybymostofthepopulation.

InChinesetraditionalculture,being

overweightwasasignofprosperity

andwealthasonlythewealthycould

affordfatorsweetfoodsorevenbuy

enoughfoodtobecomefat.Inthe

early1900's,thereweremany

wealthyareasinChina,andthe

numberofpoorvillageswaslow,but

theycontinuedtoexist.Asincome

levelshaveincreased,Chinesediets

havebecomericherwithmore

meats,fats,andsugarbeing

consumed.

Whileeconomicchangehas

significantlyreduced

undernourishment,newhealth

problemsrelatedtoeatingtoomuch

andpoordietchoiceshave

increasedsignificantly.The

incidenceofdiet-relateddiseaseand

weightingtoomuch(especially

amongchildren)hasrisen

dramaticallyinmainlandChinaover

thelast10-15years.Health

advocatesputsomeoftheblameon

theincreasedpopularityofWestern

foods,especiallyfastfood,andother

cookingproductsandhabits.Many

Western,especiallyAmerican,last

foodchainshaveappearedinChina,

andarehighlysuccessful

economically.Theseinclude

McDonald'sandKentuckyFried

Chicken.

1.Oneoftherichestandmost

diversefoodtraditionsbegan

in.

A.NorthAmerica

cB.Europe

C.China

cD.SoutheastAsia

is/are

mostcommoninNorthChina.

A.Rice

B.Noodles

cC.Fish

D.Meat

Whymightwooden

chopsticksbereplacedby

plastic,bamboo,orsilver

ones?

A.Becauseofachangeto

differentfoods.

B.Becauseoftraditional

culture.

C.BecauseofWestern

influence.

D.Becauseoflogging

shortfalls.

4.WhydidChineseculture

considerusingknivesand

forksatthetable

"uncivilized"?

A.Becausetheylooklike

weapons.

B.Becausetheyarenot

cpopularinChina.

C.Becausetheyaretoo

expensive.

cD.Becausetheyarerare.

Wheneatingameal,

individualsinChinahave

A.theirowndishwith

individualservings

B.theirownbowlofrice

仃C.theirownservingspoons

andchopsticks

_D.theirownfishwithhead

andtail

6,Whatdowelearnabout

vegetariansinChinafromthe

passage?

A.Theyareuncommonin

□China.

B.TheyareunusualinChina.

__C.Theyarecommonand

E

usualinChina.

D.Theyarealotmorein

乙China.

7.IntypicalChinesemeals,

CA.dessertsareeatenduring

ameal

_B.dessertscomeattheend

ofameal

_C.dessertsalways

CJ,

incorporatebeanpaste

國(guó)D.dessertsarenotapartof

themeal

8.AccordingtotheWorldFood

Program,inthemid1990s,

Chinaachieveditsgoalof

|nationalagriculturalsell

9.Chinesepeoplehave

improvedtheireatinghabits

withbothricherchoicesof

foodsand

10.Overthelast10-15yearsin

mainlandChina,the

increasedpopularityof

Westernfoods,especially

fastfood,hasresultedin

moreincidencesof

diet-relateddiseasesand

weightingtoomuch

Humanbeingshavebeengetting

remarkablyfatsinceprehistoric

times,andaccurateweighingis

mostlyatwentieth-century

phenomenon,sotheheaviestmanor

womanevermustalwaysremaina

mystery.Everyageandculturehasa

taleofsomeremarkable

heavyweight,buthowmuchthese

largepeoplehavegrowninthetelling

isimpossibletosay.Afewsuch

storieshavecomedowntousfrom

classicaltimes.TheRoman

physicianGalen,writinginthefirst

century,citesthecaseofone

NichomachusofSmyrna,whowas

soheavythathecouldneithermove

norbemovedfromhisbed.Other

authorstellofaRomansenatorwho

wasabletowalkonlywhentwo

slavescarriedhisstomachforhim,

andofalatter-dayEgyptianking

whosestomachwasbroaderthanthe

spanofaman'soutstretchedarms.

Hereareafewpeopleinmodern

dayswhostakedaclaimtoaweight

of900poundsormore.

CarolYager

Yager(1960-1994)ofFlint,Michigan,

awomanwhowas5feet7inches

tall,wasestimatedtohaveweighed

morethan1600lbsatherpeak.She

hadbeenfatsincechildhood.In

1993,shewasmeasuredat1189lbs

whenadmittedtoHurleyMedical

Center,becauseofhercondition.

Shelostnearly500lbsona

1200-calorie(卡路里)diet,butmost

ofthatweightwasthoughttobefluid,

andsheregainedallofitandmore

soonafterbeingdischarged.Her

teenagedaughter,aboyfriend,anda

groupofvolunteershelpedtakecare

ofher.Despitegreatpromisesbydiet

promoterRichardSimmonsandTV

hostJerrySpringer,Yagerreceived

littlepracticalassistanceinreturnfor

hermediaexposure.Shewas

refusedfurtherhospitalizationonthe

groundsthatherconditionwasnot

critical,despitemassivewater

build-upandsignsoforganfailure,

andtheseproblemsledtoherdeath

afewweekslater.

WalterHudson

Hudson(1944-1991)ofHempstead,

NewYork(borninBrooklyn,New

York),whowas5feet10inches,was

measuredat1197lbs(thoughthe

industrialscalebrokeintheprocess

ofweighinghim).Hischestwas

measuredat106inches,hiswaistat

110.Hudsonwasdiscoveredbythe

pressin1987,whenhebecame

stuckinthedoorofhisbedroomand

hadtobecutfreebyrescueworkers.

Fearfulofopenspaces,he'dspent

mostofthepast27yearsinbed.

Hudsonlivedwithhisfamily,where

hisappetitewasalwayssatisfied,

andgaveeveryindicationthathe

wascontentwithbothhisweightand

hissituation."Ijustateandenjoyed

it,"hesaid.DespiteHudson's

massivesize,Newsdayreportedthat

hewasextraordinarilyhealthy:his

heart,lungs,andotherorgansall

functionednormally,while

astonisheddoctorsnotedthathis

cholesterolandblood-sugarlevels

"showedthechemistryofahealthy

21-year-old.'*Evenso,healthexpert

DickGregorymanagedtoconvince

Hudsonthatlosingweightwas

necessarytosavehislife.Gregory

usedHudsontopromotehis

BahamianDiet,andclaimedthat

Hudsonlostatleast200lbs

(sometimesclaimingasmuchas800

lbs)underhiscare,butwhenHudson

refusedtoperformforthecameras

oncue,Gregorysummarily

abandonedhim.Otherfamous

peopleanddietpromotersalso

claimedtohavehelpedhimlose

massiveamountsofweight,though

NewsdaynotedthatHudsonnever

seemedtolookanythinner.(Gregory

threatenedtosuehisrivalsfor$50

million.)Hudsonhimselfgave

conflictingstories,sometimes

claimingtoweighaslittleas480lbs

orasmuchas1400.Heonlyallowed

himselftobeweighedonce.Hudson

diedinhissleepafteryearsof

frequentstarvationdieting,afew

weeksafterannouncingwedding

plans.Hisbodywasfoundtoweigh

1125lbs,andthemassiveboxthat

carriedhisbodyrequiredtwelve

peopletocarryit.

FrancisJohnLang

Lang(b.1934)ofGibsonton,Florida

(borninClinton,Iowa,whowas

measuredtobe6feet2inches,is

believedtohavereachedamaximum

weightof1187lbs.Langhad

weighedonly150lbsasasoldierin

Korea.Heblamedhismassive

weightgainonprescriptiondrug

abuse,claimingthathisdrugof

choicehadthesideeffectofgiving

himanuncontrollableappetite.

Thoughunabletowalk,Langfounda

uniquewayofbenefitingfromhis

situation:hehadamobilehomebuilt

withobservationwindows,and

traveledthecountryputtinghimself

ondisplayatfairs.Lyingnearly

nakedonanoversizecircularbed,he

spoketothecuriousabouttheevils

ofdrugs,usinghisownbodyasthe

morallesson.Hispeakweight,

claimedforhimbyChristianFarmsof

Killeen,Texas,inthesummerof

1971,wasunverified,butGuinness

Superlativesfoundphotographic

evidencetobereasonably

conclusive.Inearly1972Langwas

hospitalizedinHoustonfora

suspectedheartattack,atwhichtime

hewasestimatedtoweighbetween

900and1000lbs.Hissymptoms

provedtobecausedbyhisweight

loss,andtheexaminingphysician

declaredhishearttobe"unusually

normal."By1980,Langhad

reportedlyreducedto369lbs.

DavidRonHigh

High(1953-1996)ofBrooklyn,New

York,measured5feet10inchesand

weighedapproximately1000lbs.

HighwasspokenofasDick

Gregory'sbiggestsuccessstoryin

1986,whenhereducedfrom823lbs

to427lbsonayear-longfast

supplementedbyfruitsand

vegetables.(Helostthreeinchesin

heightaswell,droppingfromapeak

of6feet1inch.)Highhadbeenfat

sincechildhood,andclaimedhe

usedtoeatjustonemealaday—all

day.uThesandwichshoplovedme,"

herecalled."Iwasagreat

customer—andtheyevennameda

sandwichafterme.Itwastheonly

sandwichintheworldwithicecream

onit!"Adecadeafterhisgraduation

fromGregory'sInternationalHealth

Institute,ateamofcityfiremen

neededamechanicallifttoremove

theillHighfromtheBrooklyn

apartmentwherehe'dspentthelast

fiveyears.Hewastakentoacenter

foroverweightpeopleatSt.

Luke's-RooseveltHospital,wherehe

diedafterlessthanamonthon

anotherweight-lossprogram.

MichaelHebranko

Hebranko(b.1954)ofBrooklyn,New

York,wasmeasuredat6feetand

"nearly"1000lbs.Hebrankoweighed

anaverage81/2lbsatbirth,but

weighed350lbsbythetimehewas

16.Hebrankosayshisappetitekept

pacewithhisexpandingsize:"Ihada

dozeneggs,aloafoffriedbreadand

afriedchickenforbreakfast-thenI

reallystartedeating."Hefirstcameto

publicviewasaspokesmanfordiet

promoterRichardSimmonsin1989,

claimingonTVappearancesthat

Simmonshadhelpedhimtogofrom

907lbstolessthan200lbs.Infact,

Hebrankoactuallylostatleast50lbs

toamedicalprocedure,andhad

additionalfattissuesurgically

removedfromhisarms,chest,and

legs;healsosufferedfromsevere

illness,andhadlostagreatdealof

waterweight.In1996,Hebranko

madenewsagainwhenhewastaken

toahospitalfortreatmentofan

infection.Rescueworkershadto

removealargewindowtomakean

openingbigenoughforhis110-inch

waist,andcarriedhiminastretcher

designedfortransportingkiller

whales.Hehadbeenunabletomove

fromaseatinhishomeforthe

previoustenweeks,duringwhich

timehehadaddedasmuchas150

poundstohisalready850-pound

body,mostofitfluid.Simmons

tearfullypromisedtoslimhimdown

again.

Thispassageismainlyabout

fatpeopleofmoderntimes.

A.Y

B.N

cC.NG

Sinceweighingpeoplewasnot

apracticeoftheancientpast,

wecannotbesurehowheavy

menlikeNichomachuswere.

cA.Y

B.N

C.NG

CarolYagerreceivedmore

helpfromaTVhostthanfrom

agroupthatincludedher

daughter.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

WalterHudson'sfamilycannot

beblamedatallforhislarge

size.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

5.Inallcases,dietingproved

helpfultoallofthesepeople

over900pounds.

A.Y

EBN

…c.NG

6.FrancisJohnLangenjoyed

beingwatchedwhenhetoured

infairs.

-A.Y

B.N

C.NG

Despitehisgreatsize,David

RonHighonlyateonemeala

day.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

8.Thepeoplewhohelpedcarry

DavidRonHighoutofhis

apartmentwere

|atermofcityfiremen

9.WhenMichaelHebrankowas

16yearsold,heweighed

|350lbs

10.Thestretcherusedincarrying

MichaelHebrankowasmade

for

Itransportingkillerwhales

UseoftheillegaldrugnamedEcstasy

MDMA（搖頭丸）hasincreased

alarminglyinBritainoverthelastfew

years,andin1992theBritishMedical

Journalclaimedthatatleastseven

deathsandmanysevereadverse

reactionshavefollowedi