江蘇省無錫市普通高中2025屆高三英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題含解析

PAGE36-江蘇省無錫市一般中學(xué)2025屆高三英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）留意:本試卷分第一卷(選擇題)和其次卷(非選擇題)兩部分。答案全部做在答題卡上?？偡譃?20分，考試時間120分鐘。第一卷(選擇題，共85分)第一部分聽力測試(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1分，滿分5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwant?A.Coffee.B.Juice.C.Tea2.Howdoesthemangoshoppingnow?A.Bybus.B.Onfoot.C.Bycar.3.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Afilm.B.Anactor.C.Theman'ssister.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahospital5.Whatdoesthewomanplantodotomorrowmorning?A.Stayinbed.B.Dosomewashing.C.Cookbreakfastherself.其次節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘:聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Driverandpassenger.C.Husbandandwife.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.TelephoneTom.B.Listentosomemusic.C.Attendaconcert.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatisthegirllongingtodo?A.Travelalone.B.Stayoutlateonweekdays.C.Havemorepocketmoney.9.Howoldmightthegirlbe?A.15.B.17.C.I1.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Beforeclass.B.Inclass.C.Afterclass.11.Whattroubledoestheboyhave?A.Heisconfusedaboutpartofwhatthey'velearnttoday.B.Heunderstandsnothingofwhatthey'velearnttoday.C.HehasdifficultyunderstandingChapter3ofthetextbook.12.Howdoesthewomandealwiththeboy'strouble?A.Explainthepuzzletohiminclass.B.Askhimtogotoherofficethatafternoon.C.Asktheboytorefertothetextbookfirstonhisown.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whereisthewomangoingnow?A.Toanartmuseum.B.ToaChineserestaurant.C.Toanundergroundstation.14.Whydoesthewomancometothecity?A.Onbusiness.B.Forshopping.C.Fortravelling.15.Whydoesthemanrecommendtherestauranttothewoman?A.Becausetheservicethereisgood.BBecausethefoodthereistasty.C.Becausethepricethereislow.16.Whichisthebestmeansoftransporttotherestaurantaccordingtotheman?A.Thebus.B.Thetaxi.C.Theunderground.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatmakesfattymealsmorepopularwithchildren?A.Freetoys.B.Fastfood.C.Specialdiscounts.18.Whatmiddaysnacksareoverweightchildrenadvisedtoeat?A.Chocolatebars.B.Sweetcookies.C.Applepies.19.Whatisthemostimportantthingingettingchildrentoexercise?A.Forcingthemtoexerciseeveryday.B.Makingexercisefunforthem.C.Teachingthemtohaveastrongwill.20.Howmanysuggestionsdoestheauthorprovideforoverweightchildren?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.其次部分:英語學(xué)問運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)單項填空(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)請細(xì)致閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B.C.D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。1.Thegreatestgiftsinlifearenotpurchased,but_____throughhardworkanddetermination.A.acquired B.arranged C.adored D.allocated【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：生活中最寶貴的禮物不是買來的，而是通過努力和決心獲得的。A.acquired獲得；B.arranged支配；C.adored喜愛；D.allocated安排。連詞but（但是）表轉(zhuǎn)折，可以推斷生活中最寶貴的禮物是通過努力和決心獲得的，動詞acquired（獲得）符合句意，故選A。2.______thepathofacountyistherightoneisamattertobedecidedbyitspeople.A.That B.What C.Whether D.Why【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查主語從句。句意：一個縣城的道路是否是正確的路，由它的人民確定。分析句子可知，“______thepathofacountyistherightone”是名詞性從句中的主語從句，不缺成分，但缺少意思“是否”，whether/if(是否)符合句意，因為引導(dǎo)主語從句只能用whether，故選C?！军c睛】名詞性從句，從屬連接詞選用的基本原則：缺主語時用：who/what/which缺賓語時用：who/whom/what/which缺定語時用：what/which/whose缺狀語時用：when/where/why/how不缺成分用：that/whether/if(that沒有意思；whether/if翻譯成“是否”，引導(dǎo)主語從句只能用whether)例如本題，句意：一個縣城的道路是否是正確的路，由它的人民確定。分析句子可知，“______thepathofacountyistherightone”是名詞性從句中的主語從句，不缺成分，但缺少意思“是否”，whether/if(是否)符合句意，因為引導(dǎo)主語從句只能用whether，故選C。3.ThousandsoffireshavebrokenoutinBrazil,_____muchoftherainforest.A.havingendangered B.endangers C.endangered D.endangering【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：巴西發(fā)生了數(shù)千起火災(zāi)，危及大部分雨林。動詞“endanger”（危害）和主句主語“Thousandsoffires”是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，表主動用現(xiàn)在形式，做結(jié)果狀語，表示意料之中的結(jié)果。故選D。4.Whenabirdspotsahunter,_____justflyingaway,itcallsoutinalarmandwarnsotherbirds.A.regardlessof B.otherthan C.insteadof D.ratherthan【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查介詞詞組辨析。句意：當(dāng)一只鳥發(fā)覺了一個獵人，不是飛走，而是會發(fā)出警報，警告其他的鳥。A.regardlessof不管，不顧；B.otherthan不同于；C.insteadof代替；D.ratherthan而不是。依據(jù)空格后一句“itcallsoutinalarmandwarnsotherbirds.”（它就會發(fā)出警報，警告其他的鳥。），可推斷鳥兒沒有飛走，“insteadof”（是……而不是……）符合句意，故選C。5.Chinahas_____effortstopromote“redtourism"featuringvisitstositeswithsignificanceofrevolutionaryhistory.A.takenup B.steppedup C.broughtup D.madeup【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：中國加大了“紅色旅游”的宣揚力度，主要是參觀具有革命歷史意義的景點。A.takenup著手做……；B.steppedup提高（強度等）；C.broughtup撫養(yǎng)；D.madeup組成。依據(jù)空格后面“topromote”（目的去宣揚），可以推斷是提高、加大efforts（努力）去宣揚，steppedup提高（強度等）符合句意，故選B。6.AtthewebsiteWordSpy,fappy,____isshortforfatandhappy,isdefinedasoverweightandhappywithone'slife.A.where B.when C.what D.which【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在WordSpy網(wǎng)站上，“fappy”是肥胖和歡樂的簡稱，定義為超重和對自己的生活感到歡樂。分析句子可知，“____isshortforfatandhappy”是非限制性定語從句，缺少主語，先行詞是“fappy”，指物，故選D?！军c睛】定語從句兩個最大特點：1）有先行詞：名詞/代詞/句子。2）缺少成分：（缺少成分須要補上如下相應(yīng)代詞或副詞）1.主語：that（先行詞是人或物），who（先行詞是人），which（先行詞是物/事情）2.賓語：that（先行詞是人或物），who（先行詞是人），whom（先行詞是人），which（先行詞是物/事情）3.狀語：where（先行詞是地點），when（先行詞是時間），why（先行詞是reason緣由）4.定語：whose（先行詞是人或物）5.非限制性定從有逗號與主句隔開，假如先行詞是事情/物，從句缺少主語或賓語，關(guān)系代詞只能用which，不能用that例如本題，句意：在WordSpy網(wǎng)站上，“fappy”是肥胖和歡樂的簡稱，定義為超重和對自己的生活感到歡樂。分析句子可知，“____isshortforfatandhappy”是非限制性定語從句，缺少主語，先行詞是“fappy”，故選D。7.TaiwaneseactorGodfreyGao_____aneveningvarietyshowwhenhesuddenlycollapsed,whichsaddenedthousandsofhisfans.A.hadfilmed B.wasfilming C.hadbeenfilmed D.wasfilmed【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查過去進行時。句意：臺灣演員GodfreyGao在拍攝晚間綜藝節(jié)目時突然倒下，這讓他的粉絲們很難過。分析句子可知，when意為“這時”或“在那個時候”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，這種用法的when分句一般位于句末：sb.bedoingsth.when，由從句中運用一般過去時可知，主句用過去進行時，故選B?！军c睛】when意為“這時”或“在那個時候”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，這種用法的when分句一般位于句末:1)sb.wasdoingsth.when;（某人正在做某事這時……）2)sb.wasabouttodo/goingtodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when;（某人將要做某事這時……）3)sb.had(just)donesth.when（某人做完某事這時……）例如本題，句意：臺灣演員GodfreyGao在拍攝晚間綜藝節(jié)目時突然倒下，這讓他的粉絲們很難過。分析句子可知，when意為“這時”或“在那個時候”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，這種用法的when分句一般位于句末：sb.wasdoingsth.when，可知，這里應(yīng)用過去進行時，故選B。8.CreditsinAdvancedPlacementclassescangreatlyhelpstudentsgain______tocompetitiveschools.A.privilege B.distinction C.currency D.admission【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：進階課程的學(xué)分可以極大地幫助學(xué)生進入有競爭力的學(xué)校。A.privilege特權(quán)；B.distinction差別；C.currency貨幣；D.admission進入。分析句子可知，學(xué)分幫助學(xué)生進入更有競爭力的學(xué)校，“admission”（進入）符合句意，故選D。9.Alcoholisclassifiedasadowner,and_____itislegal,itcandamagetheliverifconsumedinlargequantities.A.because B.unless C.although D.until【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：酒精被歸類為冷靜劑，盡管它是合法的，但假如大量飲用會損害肝臟。A.because因為；B.unless除非；C.although盡管；D.until直到……為止。依據(jù)空格后文“itislegal,itcandamagetheliverifconsumedinlargequantities.”（它是合法的，假如大量飲用會損害肝臟。）可知，有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，“although”（盡管）符合句意，故選C。10.Itseemsthatnothingcan______fromhermindthememoryofthewar.PoorAnna!A.cure B.claim C.erase D.ease【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：——好像沒有什么能從她的腦海中抹去那場斗爭的記憶。——可憐的安娜！A.cure治愈；B.claim聲稱；C.erase抹去，擦掉；D.ease減輕。依據(jù)“PoorAnna!”（可憐的安娜?。?，可推斷，Anna還沒有遺忘可怕的斗爭，“erase”（抹去）符合句意，故選C。11.Thecombinationofeconomicandcareeropportunitiesandsponsorshipforstudyingabroadis_____liesbehindthereversalofChina'sbraindrain.A.that B.what C.where D.why【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查表語從句。句意：經(jīng)濟和職業(yè)機會的結(jié)合以及出國留學(xué)的資助是中國人才流失逆轉(zhuǎn)的緣由。分析句子可知，“Thecombinationofeconomicandcareeropportunitiesandsponsorshipforstudyingabroad”是主語，“_____liesbehindthereversalofChina'sbraindrain.”是名詞性從句總的表語從句，這個從句缺少主語指緣由，應(yīng)填what，故選B。12.Ifweteachtoday'schildrenwithyesterday's_____teachingmethod,we'llrobthemoftomorrow.A.confidential B.commercial C.conventional D.conditional【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：假如我們用昨天的傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法來教化今日的孩子，我們就會剝奪他們的明天。A.confidential機密的；B.commercial商業(yè)的；C.conventional傳統(tǒng)的；D.conditional有條件的?！皌eachingmethod”（教學(xué)方法）是名詞，要用形容詞來修飾，依據(jù)空格前“yesterday's”（昨天的）這里引申為過去的，可推斷“conventional”（傳統(tǒng)的）符合句意，故選C。13.FrozenIIwasonshowonNovember22nd，2024.HaditnotbeenforthefactthatI_____tiredout,Iwouldhavegonetoseeitthatnight.A.was B.were C.am D.hadbeen【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意：《冰雪奇緣2》于2024年11月22日上映。要不是我累壞了，那天晚上我就去看了。“thatI_____tiredout”是對前面名詞“fact”（事實）客觀事實內(nèi)容說明，依據(jù)第一句“FrozenIIwasonshowonNovember22nd，2024.”可知是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時，因為主語是單數(shù)第一人稱“I”，故選A。14.HowfantastichisspokenEnglishis!He_____abroadforseveralyears.A.maystay B.musthavestayed C.canstay D.musthavebeenstaying【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞+havedone用法。句意：他的英語口語多棒?。∷_定在國外呆了好幾年了。情態(tài)動詞+havedone用法是對過去事情的推想，依據(jù)前一句“HowfantastichisspokenEnglishis!”可知是確定性推想，用musthavedone，表示他確定在國外待過幾年。故選B?！军c睛】“情態(tài)動詞+havedone”用法總結(jié)1.couldhavedone可以表示“過去原來能夠做某事而事實上沒有做”。2.musthavedone表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的狀況的確定推想，語氣較強。3.may/mighthavedone表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的狀況的推想，語氣稍弱。4.should/oughttohavedone表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事而事實上沒有做”，其否定形式表示“本不該做某事而事實上做了”，通常含有責(zé)怪的意思。5.needn’thavedone表示“本不必做某事而事實上做了”。例如本題，句意：他的英語口語多棒?。∷_定在國外呆了好幾年了。情態(tài)動詞+havedone用法是對過去事情的推想，依據(jù)前一句“HowfantastichisspokenEnglishis!”可知是確定推想，用musthavedone，再依據(jù)“forseveralyears.”可知，在國外待過幾年，應(yīng)用“stay”（短暫地待在……），故選B。15.Iamwormoutafterworkingsolong.Me,too.It'stimeto_____.A.callitaday B.pullmyleg C.flyoffthehandle D.killthefattedcalf【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查習(xí)慣用語。句意：——工作了這么久，我累壞了。——我也是，該收工了。A.callitaday收工；B.pullmyleg戲弄；C.flyoffthehandle大發(fā)雷霆；D.killthefattedcalf設(shè)宴歡迎。依據(jù)第一句“Iamwornoutafterworkingsolong.”和其次句“Me,too.”可知，兩個人工作那么久都累壞了，該收工休息了，“callitaday”（收工）符合句意，故選A。其次節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分，滿分20分)請閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。MoststoriesofkindnessdonotbeginwithaMarvelmoviesuperstar.Mine___16___.ItwasatagardenpartyfortheACLU.Iwas___17___mygrandmothertotheevent.WhenRobertDowneyarrived,inagorgeouscream-coloredsuit,mygrandmothershrugged,farmoreinterestedthanin___18___herpaperplatewithcheese.Hewasn'tCaryGrantorGregoryPeck.Whatdidshe___19___?Afterthespeeches___20___withthanks,westooduptomakeourexit.Butassherose,mygrandmother___21___andfellintothewheelchairramp(坡道)thatprovidedthedisabledwith___22___tothestage.Thewheelchairrampshad___23___edges,whichslicedherlegrightopen.Thebloodwas___24___.Iputmyhead______25______mykneesbecauseIthoughtIwasgoingtofaint(昏倒).______26______，somebodytookcontrolofthesituation.ThatpersonwasRobertDowney.Heorderedsomeonetocalla(n)______27______.Hetookoffhisgorgeoussuit,______28______hissleeves,andgrabbedmygrandmother'sleg.Thenhetookthesuit,whichI'd______29______he'dtakenoffonlytogetit______30______andhetieditaroundherwound.Iwatchedthesuitturnredwithher______31______，Heknewhowtospeaktoher,______32______her,andmostcriticallyplaytohervanity(虛榮心).Hetoldherhowbeautifulherlegswere.Hestayedwithheruntiltheambulancecame.Believeitornot,Ihurriedintotheambulancewithoutaword.Iwastoo______33______andtooshytothankhim.Weallhavethingswewishwe'dsaid,momentswe'dliketorevisitandre-experience.Rarelydowegetthatchanceto______34______thosetimeswhenwordscompletely______35______us.16.A.is B.does C.has D.will17.A.driving B.sending C.accompanying D.inviting18.A.packing B.piling C.providing D.equipping19.A.care B.need C.like D.ignore20.A.started B.paused C.closed D.concluded21.A.tripped B.shook C.jumped D.dashed22.A.admission B.access C.way D.path23.A.sharp B.vague C.abrupt D.flat24.A.amazing B.thrilling C.shocking D.relieving25.A.in B.over C.off D.between26.A.Naturally B.Undoubtedly C.Eventually D.Luckily27.A.doctor B.organizer C.ambulance D.taxi28.A.liftedup B.broughtup C.rolledup D.putup29.A.assumed B.hoped C.assured D.confirmed30.A.intheway B.outoftheway C.ontheway D.bytheway31.A.wound B.scar C.stain D.blood32.A.amuse B.please C.distract D.disappoint33.A.embarrassed B.dizzy C.ambiguous D.arbitrary34.A.catchupwith B.makeupfor C.putupwith D.makeuseof35.A.forgot B.escaped C.lost D.failed【答案】16.B17.C18.B19.A20.D21.A22.B23.A24.C25.D26.D27.C28.C29.A30.B31.D32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述作者陪奶奶參與聚會時，奶奶意外摔倒，劃破了腿出了好多血，電影明星RobertDowney剛好幫奶奶包扎并叫來救援車，作者當(dāng)時太羞澀而沒有向RobertDowney道謝?！?6題詳解】考查助動詞辨析。句意：大多數(shù)關(guān)于善舉的故事都不是從一位宏大的電影巨星起先的，但我的故事是從一位宏大的電影巨星起先的。A.is是；B.does代替實意動詞避開重復(fù)；C.has有；D.will將要。依據(jù)前一句“MoststoriesofkindnessdonotbeginwithaMarvelmoviesuperstar.”（大多數(shù)關(guān)于善舉的故事都不是從一位宏大的電影巨星起先的）可知，這里“Mine”是指“Mystory”，再依據(jù)其次段中的“somebodytookcontrolofthesituation.ThatpersonwasRobertDowney.”（有人限制了局面，那個人就是RobertDowney。），可知奶奶出現(xiàn)意外后，電影明星RobertDowney幫助了她，所以可推斷作者的故事是從電影明星起先的，這里避開和前一句中的“begin”（起先）重復(fù)，用助動詞“does”，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我陪我奶奶去參與活動。A.driving開車；B.sending發(fā)送；C.accompanying陪伴；D.inviting邀請。依據(jù)空格后文“WhenRobertDowneyarrivedmygrandmothershrugged,farmoreinterestedthanin___3___herpaperplatewithcheese.Hewasn'tCaryGrantorGregoryPeck.Whatdidshe___4___?”（RobertDowney到的時候我奶奶聳聳肩，比起往紙盤里堆奶酪來，她對RobertDowney更感愛好。他不是CaryGrant或者GregoryPeck。她在乎他什么呢？）可知，作者的奶奶參與這個活動是來看影星RobertDowney，作者對這個影星并不感愛好，所以只是陪奶奶來，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)RobertDowney穿著華麗的奶油色西裝來時，祖母聳了聳肩，比起往紙盤里堆奶酪來，她對RobertDowney更感愛好。A.packing打包；B.piling堆放；C.providing供應(yīng)；D.equipping配備。依據(jù)空格后“herpaperplatewithcheese.”可知，往紙盤子里放奶油，“pile”（堆放）符合句意，故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她在乎他什么？A.care在乎，關(guān)切；B.need須要；C.like喜愛；D.ignore忽視。依據(jù)前一句“Hewasn'tCaryGrantorGregoryPeck.”（他不是CaryGrant或者GregoryPeck），可知，在作者看來RobertDowney并不是什么大明星，奶奶究竟在乎他什么呢？“care”(在乎，關(guān)注)符合句意，故選A。【20題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：演講結(jié)束后，我們站起來退場。A.started起先；B.paused停頓；C.closed關(guān)閉；D.concluded結(jié)束。依據(jù)空格后文“westooduptomakeourexit.”（我們站起來退場。）可知，演講結(jié)束了，“conclude”(結(jié)束)符合文意，故選D。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)奶奶站起來的時候，她絆倒了，掉進了輪椅坡道，這個坡道為殘疾人供應(yīng)了進入舞臺的通道。A.tripped絆倒；B.shook搖擺；C.jumped跳動；D.dashed沖。依據(jù)空格后文“fellintothewheelchairramp”，可知，奶奶絆倒了才掉進坡道，故選A。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)奶奶站起來的時候，她絆倒了，掉進了輪椅坡道，這個坡道為殘疾人供應(yīng)了進入舞臺的通道。A.admission承認(rèn)，坦白；B.access通道；C.way方法，道路；D.path道路。依據(jù)空格前文“thewheelchairramp”（輪椅坡道），可以推斷這個坡道是通向舞臺的通道，“access”（通道）符合句意，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：輪椅坡道的邊緣很銳利，把她的腿劃破了。A.sharp銳利的；B.vague模糊的；C.abrupt突然的；D.flat平坦的。依據(jù)空格后文“whichslicedherlegrightopen.”（邊緣把她的腿劃了個口子），可知邊緣很銳利，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：血很嚇人。A.amazing令人驚異的；B.thrilling讓人興奮的；C.shocking可怕的；D.relieving緩和的。依據(jù)下一句中的“IthoughtIwasgoingtofaint”（我以為我會暈倒），可知，作者差點被嚇暈倒，說明血很嚇人，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我把頭放在兩膝之間，因為我想我快要暈倒了。A.in在……里面；B.over在……上方；C.off從……落下；D.between在兩者之間。依據(jù)空格后文“myknees”，可知是兩個膝蓋，“between”（兩者之間）符合句意，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，有人限制了局面。A.Naturally自然地；B.Undoubtedly毫無疑問地；C.Eventually最終地；D.Luckily幸運地。依據(jù)空格前文“whichslicedherlegrightopenIthoughtIwasgoingtofaint”（邊緣把她的腿劃了個口子……我想我快要暈倒了）和空格后文“somebodytookcontrolofthesituation.”（有人限制了局面。）可知，在作者奶奶腿受傷流血，作者嚇得快要暈倒時，萬幸的是有人限制了這糟糕的局面，“Luckily”（幸運地）符合句意，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他讓人叫救援車。A.doctor醫(yī)生；B.organizer組織者；C.ambulance救援車；D.taxi出租車。依據(jù)這一段最終一句“Hestayedwithheruntiltheambulancecame.”（他始終陪著她直到救援車來。）可知，他讓人叫來救援車，這里是詞義重現(xiàn)用法，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他脫下華麗的西裝，卷起袖子，抓住了我奶奶的腿。A.liftedup抬起來；B.broughtup撫養(yǎng)；C.rolledup卷起來；D.putup舉起。依據(jù)空格后文“grabbedmygrandmother'sleg.Thenhetookthesuitandhetieditaroundherwound.”(抓住我奶奶的腿，然后他拿了西裝綁在她的傷口上。)可知，他應(yīng)當(dāng)是卷起袖子，然后做后續(xù)這些動作，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他拿起西裝，我以為他脫下西裝只是把它放旁邊不礙事，他把它綁在她的傷口上。A.assumed以為，假定；B.hoped希望；C.assured確保；D.confirmed確定。依據(jù)空格下文“hetieditaroundherwound”（他把它綁在她的傷口上）可知，這只是作者以為他會有把脫下的西裝放在一邊，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查介詞詞組辨析。句意：然后他拿起西裝，我以為他脫下西裝只是把它放旁邊不礙事，他把它綁在她的傷口上。A.intheway攔住路；B.outoftheway不礙事；C.ontheway路上；D.bytheway順便問一下。依據(jù)這一段中的“Hetookoffhisgorgeoussuit,____13____hissleeves,andgrabbedmygrandmother'sleg.（他脫下華麗的西裝，卷起袖子，抓住了我祖母的腿。）可以推斷，作者看到RobertDowney這樣做，以為他脫下西裝只是把它放旁邊不礙事，故選B。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看著那套衣服被她的血染紅了。A.wound傷口；B.scar疤痕；C.stain瑕疵；D.blood血液。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thewheelchairrampshad___8___edges,whichslicedherlegrightopen.Thebloodwas___9___.”（輪椅坡道的邊緣很銳利，把她的腿劃破了。血很嚇人。）和空格前文“Thenhetookthesuithetieditaroundherwound.Iwatchedthesuitturnred”(然后他拿起西裝……他把它綁在她的傷口。我看著西裝變紅了……)，可知是奶奶腿上流的血把西裝染紅了，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他知道如何和她說話，轉(zhuǎn)移她的留意力，而且——最重要的是——迎合她的虛榮心。A.amuse逗樂；B.please使?jié)M足；C.distract，轉(zhuǎn)移（留意力）；D.disappoint使悲觀。依據(jù)下一句“Hetoldherhowbeautifulherlegswere”（他告知她，她的腿是多么的漂亮），可知，他沒有說傷口和流血而是贊美她的腿美，是在轉(zhuǎn)移她的留意力，故選C。【33題詳解】考查形詞詞義辨析。句意：我太尷尬又羞澀以至于不知怎么謝他。A.embarrassed尷尬的；B.dizzy頭昏的；C.ambiguous模糊不清的；D.arbitrary隨意的。依據(jù)其次段中的“Iputmyhead____10____mykneesbecauseIthoughtIwasgoingtofaint.____11____，somebodytookcontrolofthesituation.ThatpersonwasRobertDowney.”（我把頭放在兩膝之間，因為我想我快要暈倒了。幸運的是，有人限制了局面。那個人就是RobertDowney。）可知，當(dāng)時作者差點嚇暈倒，沒能幫助自己的奶奶，感到很尷尬，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們很少有機會去彌補那些時間,因為我們不知說什么。A.catchupwith追上；B.makeupfor彌補；C.putupwith容忍；D.makeuseof利用。依據(jù)前文“Iwastoo____18____andtooshytothankhim.Weallhavethingswewishwe'dsaid,momentswe'dliketorevisitandre-experience.”（我太尷尬又羞澀以至于不知怎么謝他。有些話我們都希望我們當(dāng)時說過，有些時刻我們想重溫柔重新體驗。）可知，作者希望當(dāng)時能感謝RobertDowney，但事實上作者沒能找到機會彌補，“makeupfor”（彌補）符合句意，故選B。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們很少有機會去彌補那些時間，因為那時我們不知說什么。A.forgot遺忘；B.escaped逃脫；C.lost丟失；D.failed使……悲觀；失敗。“whenwordscompletely____20____us.”是定語從句，先行詞是“thosetimes”指的是這段中的“Iwastoo____18____andtooshytothankhim.”（我太尷尬又羞澀以至于不知怎么謝他。），可知，那時，我們不知說什么，“failsb”（使……悲觀），“wordsfailme”(話語讓我悲觀，既指不知如何表達）符合句意，故選D?！军c睛】完形填空題型特點之一是詞義重現(xiàn)：同義詞、近義詞、反義詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。例如第12小題，句意：他讓人叫救援車。A.doctor醫(yī)生；B.organizer組織者；C.ambulance救援車；D.taxi出租車。依據(jù)這一段最終一句“Hestayedwithheruntiltheambulancecame.”（他始終陪著她直到救援車來。）可知，他讓人叫來救援車，這里是詞義重現(xiàn)用法，故選C。第三部分閱讀理解(共15小題:每小題2分，滿分30分)請細(xì)致閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AEurope’smostbeautifulplacesEuropeisanamazinglyvariedplace.Theoldcontinent'shistoriccitiesanditsMediterraneanbeachesdrawmanyofitsvisitors,butthebestdestinationsaresometimesitsmoreremotecorners,knownmainlytolocalsandafewbravetravelers.LakeInari,FinlandHighabovetheArcticCircleandclosetoFinland'sborderwithRussia,LakeInariisayearroundparadise.Dark,snowywintersmakeitidealforcatchingaglimpseoftheauroraborealis.Itstree-linedbanksglowaburntorangeduringautumnandinsummer,youcanswiminitschillyshallows.ThecenteroflocalSamiculture,it'sasremoteandtraditionalasFinlandgets.Unst,ShetlandIsles,ScotlandThemostnortherlyoccupiedislandoftheBritishIles,Unstisawild,ruggedplacewhereseascrashintothedramaticMuckleFluggaseastacks.Thelaterareaharborforgannets(塘鵒)duringbreedingseason,withbirdwatchersalsotreatedtothesightofsearchingskuas(賊鷗).YorkshireDales,EnglandItsnarrowlaneslinedwithdrystonewallscryouttocyclistsseekingmarvelousadventureswhileitsmoodyhillcontinuallyattractwalkers,nomattertheweatherGeologicalwonderssuchasthelimestonespectaclesofMalhamCoveandGordaleScarmakeitperhapsthemostbeautifulpartoftheBritishIslesLoireValley,FranceChateaudeChambordandChateaudeChenonceauarethemostfamous,filledwithclassicviewingtowers,formalgardensandboatinglakes.Throwinatourofitsgraperies,wheresomeoftheworld'sfinestwinesareproduced,anditsglamourisimpossibletoignore.36.Accordingtothepassage,thebestdestinationsinEuropeare_____.A.historiccitiesandMediterraneanbeachesB.knowntopeoplearoundtheworldC.familiartoonlyahandfulofpeopleD.similartoeachotherwithnoobviousdifferences37.Ifyouareacyclistinterestedinadventures,you'dbetterchoose______.A.Unst,ShetlandIsles,Scotland B.YorkshireDales,EnglandC.LoireValley.France D.LakeInari,Finland【答案】36.C37.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹歐洲最漂亮的幾個旅游地，這些地方較偏遠，只有當(dāng)?shù)厝撕蛶讉€英勇的旅行者才知道?！?6題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Europeisanamazinglyvariedplacebutthebestdestinationsaresometimesitsmoreremotecorners,knownmainlytolocalsandafewbravetravelers.”(歐洲是個擁有各種各樣景點的地方……但最好的目的地有時是更偏遠的角落，只有當(dāng)?shù)厝撕蛶讉€英勇的旅行者才知道。)可知，歐洲最好的旅游目的地只有少數(shù)人熟識。文章中“afew”呼應(yīng)選項C中的“ahandfulof”；文章中的“knownmainlyto”和選項C中的“familiartoonly”呼應(yīng)，故選C?！?7題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段YorkshireDales,England部分的“Itsnarrowlaneslinedwithdrystonewallscryouttocyclistsseekingmarvelousadventures”(狹窄的小巷兩旁是干石墻，呼喊那些尋求奇異探險經(jīng)驗的騎自行車的人。)，可知，假如你是騎自行車的人并對冒險感愛好，你最好選擇英格蘭的YorkshireDales。文章中的“cyclistsseekingmarvelousadventures”和問題中的“acyclistinterestedinadventures”相呼應(yīng)，故選B。BAwidely-usedgasthatiscurrentlyproducedfromfossilfuelscaninsteadbemadebyanartificialleafthatusesonlysunlight,carbondioxideandwater,andwhichcouldeventuallybeusedtodevelopasustainableliquidfuelalternativetopetrol.Thecarbon-neutral(碳中和)devicesetsanewstandardinthefieldofsolarfuels,afterresearchersattheUniversityofCambridgedemonstratedthatitcandirectlyproducethegascalledsyngas(合成氣)inasustainableandsimpleway.Ratherthanrunningonfossilfuels,theartificialleafispoweredbysunlight,althoughitstillworksefficientlyoncloudyandovercastdays.Andunlikethecurrentindustrialprocessesforproducingsyngas,theleafdoesnotreleaseanyadditionalcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.TheresultsarereportedinthejournalNatureMaterials.Syngasiscurrentlymadefromamixtureofhydrogenandcarbonmonoxide(氧化碳)，andisusedtoproducearangeofproducts,suchasfuels,medicines,plasticsandfertilizers.“Youmaynothaveheardofsyngasitselfbuteveryday,youconsumeproductsthatwerecreatedusingit.Beingabletoproduceitsustainablywouldbeacriticalstepinclosingtheglobalcarboncycleandestablishingasustainablechemicalandfuelindustry,"saidseniorauthorProfessorErwinReisnerfromCambridge'sDepartmentofChemistry,whohasspentsevenyearsworkingtowardsthisgoal.ThedeviceReisnerandhiscolleaguesproducedisinspiredbyphotosynthesisthenaturalprocessbywhichplantsusetheenergyfromsunlighttoturncarbondioxideintofood.Ontheartificialleaf,twolightabsorbers,similartothemoleculesinplantsthatharvestsunlight,arecombinedwithacatalyst(催化劑)madefromthenaturallyabundantelementcobalt(鈷).Whenthedeviceisdippedinwater,onelightabsorberusesthecatalysttoproduceoxygen.Theothercarriesoutthechemicalreactionthatreducescarbondioxideandwaterintocarbonmonoxideandhydrogen,formingthesyngasmixture.Asanaddedbonus,theresearchersdiscoveredthattheirlightabsorbersworkevenunderthelowlevelsofsunlightonarainyorovercastday.“Thismeansyouarenotlimitedtousingthistechnologyjustinwarmcountriesoronlyoperatingtheprocessduringthesummermonths,”saidPhDstudentVirgilAndrei,firstauthorofthepaper.“Youcoulduseitfromdawnuntildusk,anywhereintheworld.”38.Withtheartificialleaf,wecan_____.A.producesyngasinasustainableandsimplewayB.preventcarbondioxidefrombeingreleaseintotheatmosphereC.makeproductslikemedicines,plasticsandfertilizersoutoffossilfuelsD.harvestabundantsunlightthroughpetrolandclosetheglobalcarboncycle39.Forthesyngasmixturetobeformed,wemightaswell_____.A.getridofonelightabsorberB.blockthecontactwithsunlightC.provideaspecialcatalystD.keeptheartificialleaffarawayfromwater40.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatPhDstudentVirgilAndreisaid?A.Syngashasalreadybeeninwidespreadusearoundtheworld.B.Theartificialleafispoweredbyfossilfuelsratherthansunlight.C.Theartificialleafdoesn'tdependtoomuchontheweatherorlocation.D.Syngasiscurrentlymadefromamixtureofhydrogenandcarbonmonoxide.【答案】38.A39.C40.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明，目前由化石燃料生產(chǎn)的廣泛運用的氣體可以由只運用陽光、二氧化碳和水的人造葉子制成，最終可用于開發(fā)一種可持續(xù)的液體燃料替代汽油?！?8題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Awidely-usedgasthatiscurrentlyproducedfromfossilfuelscaninsteadbemadebyanartificialleafthatusesonlysunlight,carbondioxideandwater,andwhichcouldeventuallybeusedtodevelopasustainableliquidfuelalternativetopetrol.”（目前由化石燃料生產(chǎn)的廣泛運用的氣體可以由只運用陽光、二氧化碳和水的人造葉子制成，最終可用于開發(fā)一種可持續(xù)的液體燃料替代汽油。）和其次段“Thecarbon-neutral(碳中和)devicesetsanewstandardinthefieldofsolarfuels,afterresearchersattheUniversityofCambridgedemonstratedthatitcandirectlyproducethegascalledsyngas(合成氣)inasustainableandsimpleway.”（在劍橋高校的探討人員證明白碳中性裝置能夠以可持續(xù)和簡潔的方式干脆產(chǎn)生所謂的合成氣之后，碳中性裝置在太陽能燃料領(lǐng)域樹立了一個新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。），可知，其次段中的“Thecarbon-neutral(碳中和)device”指的是第一段中的“artificialleaf”，運用人造葉子，我們可以用一種可持續(xù)和簡潔的方式生產(chǎn)合成氣。故選A?！?9題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Ontheartificialleaf,twolightabsorbers,similartothemoleculesinplantsthatharvestsunlight,arecombinedwithacatalyst(催化劑)Whenthedeviceisdippedinwater,onelightabsorberusesthecatalysttoproduceoxygen.Theothercarriesoutthechemicalreactionthatreducescarbondioxideandwaterintocarbonmonoxideandhydrogen,formingthesyngasmixture.”(在人造葉子上，類似于植物中收集陽光分子兩個光汲取體，與催化劑結(jié)合在一起………當(dāng)裝置浸入水中時，一個光吸體運用催化劑產(chǎn)生氧氣。另一種則進行化學(xué)反應(yīng)，將二氧化碳和水還原成一氧化碳和氫氣，形成合成氣混合物。)，可知，要形成合成氣混合物，我們不妨供應(yīng)一種特別的催化劑，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段““Thismeansyouarenotlimitedtousingthistechnologyjustinwarmcountriesoronlyoperatingtheprocessduringthesummermonths,”saidPhDstudentVirgilAndrei,firstauthorofthepaper.“Youcoulduseitfromdawnuntildusk,anywhereintheworld.””（博士探討生VirgilAndrei——該論文的第一作者說：“這意味著你不僅可以在暖和的國家或在夏季運用這項人造葉子技術(shù)，你可以在世界上任何地方，從黎明到黃昏運用它?！保┛芍?，我們從VirgilAndrei博士的話中了解到，人造葉子不依靠于天氣或地理位置。故選C。CForsomepeople,highereducationisnotjustagoalinlife,butalsoanexpectation.IntheUnitedStates,ifyourparentsattendedacollegeoruniversity,thereisagoodchancethatyouwill,too.Evenifyourparentsdidnotgotocollege,youstillhaveagoodchanceofcompletinghighereducationifyourfamilyiswealthy.Butyourchancesarereducedifyoucomefromaneedyfamilyacommunitywithlimitededucationalresourcesoryousimplyhavenoonetofollowasanexample.Helpingthoseinneedisoneofthemainideasbehindastrategyofbehavioralsciencecallednudgetheoryornudging.Nudgingisawayofchangingpeople'sbehaviorthroughindirectsuggestionandbysupportingpositiveactions.AgrowingnumberofU.S.collegesanduniversitieslooktonudgingaswaytosupportpoor,minorityandfirst-generationstudents.Theyalsoareusingittoincreaseoverallgraduationrates.Twocommonformsofnudgingareemailstostudentsandtextmessagestotheirmobilephones.Schoolsandothereducationalorganizationskeepincontactwithstudentsthisway,offeringadviceandhelpwhenneeded.However,AlejandraAcostaahighereducationpolicyexp