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第03講冪函數(shù)與二次函數(shù)目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\u01模擬基礎(chǔ)練 2題型一:冪函數(shù)的定義及其圖像 2題型二:冪函數(shù)性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用 4題型三:由冪函數(shù)的單調(diào)性比較大小 5題型四:二次函數(shù)的解析式 7題型五:二次函數(shù)的圖象、單調(diào)性與最值 7題型六:二次函數(shù)定軸動(dòng)區(qū)間和動(dòng)軸定區(qū)間問題 9題型七:二次方程實(shí)根的分布及條件 12題型八:二次函數(shù)最大值的最小值問題 1302重難創(chuàng)新練 1503真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練 23題型一:冪函數(shù)的定義及其圖像1.(2024·四川成都·一模)已知冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.1 C.2 D.3【答案】C【解析】因?yàn)閮绾瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.2.已知冪函數(shù)的圖象經(jīng)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則該冪函數(shù)在第一象限的大致圖象是(
)A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,且增加的速度越來越緩慢,故該冪函數(shù)在第一象限的大致圖象是B選項(xiàng).故選:B.3.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的大致圖像是(
)A.B.C. D.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)冪函數(shù)的特點(diǎn)知選項(xiàng)A的圖象為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的大致圖像.故選:A.4.冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)為減函數(shù),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),冪函數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,且在SKIPIF1<0時(shí)為減函數(shù),滿足題意;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),冪函數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,且在SKIPIF1<0時(shí)為增函數(shù),不合題意;綜上,實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.5.(2024·湖南岳陽·模擬預(yù)測)如圖,已知冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的圖象分別是下降,急速上升,緩慢上升,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】由題意結(jié)合圖象可知SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.題型二:冪函數(shù)性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用6.(2024·高三·福建三明·期中)已知SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是﹒【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0①;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0②;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0③.綜合①②③,求得實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0﹒7.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,則其值域?yàn)?【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0.所以函數(shù)的值域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<08.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為單調(diào)遞減函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意可知SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0在第一象限是單調(diào)遞減函數(shù),符合題意;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0在第一象限是單調(diào)遞增函數(shù),不符合題意;綜上:SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<09.(2024·高三·上海浦東新·期中)已知SKIPIF1<0,若冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),且在SKIPIF1<0上嚴(yán)格單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0【解析】由冪函數(shù)的性質(zhì)知,SKIPIF1<0,在第一象限內(nèi),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為奇數(shù)時(shí),函數(shù)為奇函數(shù),所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),冪函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且為奇函數(shù).故答案為:SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<010.已知冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0且在定義域上單調(diào)遞減,所以需滿足SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.題型三:由冪函數(shù)的單調(diào)性比較大小11.(2024·貴州畢節(jié)·二模)已知SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)指數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)對數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減得SKIPIF1<0,綜上SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.12.記SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又對數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.13.已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,由指數(shù)函數(shù)的性質(zhì)知SKIPIF1<0在R上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,由冪函數(shù)的性質(zhì)知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C14.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是冪函數(shù),對任意的SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值(
)A.恒大于0 B.恒小于0C.等于0 D.無法判斷【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)函數(shù)為冪函數(shù)以及函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性,可得SKIPIF1<0,然后可得函數(shù)的奇偶性,結(jié)合函數(shù)的單調(diào)性以及奇偶性,可得結(jié)果.由題可知:函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是冪函數(shù)則SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0又對任意的SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的增函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增的奇函數(shù)由SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0故選:B題型四:二次函數(shù)的解析式15.已知二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)分別是0和5,圖象開口向上,且SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為12,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的解析式為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0其對稱軸為直線SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為12,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0故答案為:SKIPIF1<016.已知SKIPIF1<0(b,c為實(shí)數(shù)),且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的解析式為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】解法一:由題意知SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的解析式為SKIPIF1<0.解法二:由題意知SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的解析式為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<017.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0對任意SKIPIF1<0滿足:SKIPIF1<0,二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足:SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0.則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0①,用SKIPIF1<0代替上式中的SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0②,聯(lián)立①②,可得SKIPIF1<0;設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0題型五:二次函數(shù)的圖象、單調(diào)性與最值18.(2024·遼寧沈陽·一模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,則它的圖象可能是()A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】由SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是二次函數(shù),圖象開口向上,排除A,C;又SKIPIF1<0,所以排除B;只有D符合.故選:D.19.已知二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)是SKIPIF1<0,且截SKIPIF1<0軸所得線段的長度是4,將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移2個(gè)單位長度,得到拋物線SKIPIF1<0,則拋物線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0軸的交點(diǎn)是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】因?yàn)槎魏瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的頂點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0的對稱軸為直線SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0的圖象截SKIPIF1<0軸所得線段的長度是4,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0軸的交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,將點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0代入得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的圖象為SKIPIF1<0的圖象右移2個(gè)單位得到的,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0軸交點(diǎn)生標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.20.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】SKIPIF1<0對稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上是單調(diào)遞增,A:SKIPIF1<0,故A錯(cuò)誤;B:SKIPIF1<0,故B錯(cuò)誤;C:SKIPIF1<0,故C錯(cuò)誤;D:SKIPIF1<0,故D正確.故選:D.21.(2024·高三·上海·期中)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是嚴(yán)格增函數(shù),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.題型六:二次函數(shù)定軸動(dòng)區(qū)間和動(dòng)軸定區(qū)間問題22.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0).(1)若SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,求SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍;(2)若SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為9,求SKIPIF1<0的值.【解析】(1)由題意得,二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)的圖象開口向上,對稱軸為直線SKIPIF1<0,∵函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.(2)由題意得,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,不合題意,舍去;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,不合題意,舍去;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0中取得,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,顯然不合題意;綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0.23.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0的最大值為0,求實(shí)數(shù)a的值;(2)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的表達(dá)式;(3)令SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最小值為1,求正實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的最大值為0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.(2)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0是減函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0是增函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.(3)由題意SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,簡圖如下,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0是增函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,成立.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù),在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,不成立;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,不成立;綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0.24.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(1)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào),求SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍:(2)是否存在實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最小值為SKIPIF1<0?若存在,求出SKIPIF1<0的值;若不存在,請說明理由.【解析】(1)由題意可得SKIPIF1<0開口向上,對稱軸SKIPIF1<0,∴函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,∵函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào),∴SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為:SKIPIF1<0(2)由題意可得SKIPIF1<0開口向上,對稱軸SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)在對稱軸處取最小值,SKIPIF1<0,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,此時(shí)函數(shù)的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,此時(shí)函數(shù)的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0,綜上,存在實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最小值為SKIPIF1<0題型七:二次方程實(shí)根的分布及條件25.(2024·高三·陜西商洛·期中)若SKIPIF1<0,則一元二次方程SKIPIF1<0有整數(shù)根的充要條件是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,由圖可知,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),方程SKIPIF1<0有整數(shù)解SKIPIF1<0.綜上,SKIPIF1<0是方程有整數(shù)解的充要條件.故選;A.26.若關(guān)于x的一元二次方程SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)實(shí)根,且一個(gè)實(shí)根小于1,另一個(gè)實(shí)根大于2,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是.【答案】(SKIPIF1<0,+∞)【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,由題意SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.27.方程SKIPIF1<0的兩根均大于1,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)根都大于SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0可求得實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0故答案為:SKIPIF1<0題型八:二次函數(shù)最大值的最小值問題28.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)區(qū)間;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求證:SKIPIF1<0;(3)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,及SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0最小值,求SKIPIF1<0的值.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0,故開口向上,且對稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0;(2)由題意可知,問題轉(zhuǎn)化為SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0恒成立,即SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上恒成立,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0顯然恒成立,SKIPIF1<0,開口向上,且對稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0恒成立,故原不等式成立;(3)SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,化簡得SKIPIF1<0,可知,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值2.29.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象經(jīng)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0.(1)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的解析式;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求證:SKIPIF1<0;(3)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,記SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0最小時(shí),求SKIPIF1<0的值.【解析】(1)由已知得,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的解析式為SKIPIF1<0.(2)令SKIPIF1<0,則二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對稱軸為SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.(3)由(2)知,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,問題轉(zhuǎn)化為求SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最大值,易知SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0,作出圖象如下,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值,SKIPIF1<0,綜上,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0最小時(shí),SKIPIF1<0.1.(2024·北京朝陽·一模)已知SKIPIF1<0,則“SKIPIF1<0”是“函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增”的(
)A.充分而不必要條件 B.必要而不充分條件C.充要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件【答案】A【解析】對于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,為常數(shù)函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以“SKIPIF1<0”是“函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增”的充分而不必要條件.故選:A.2.(2024·北京西城·一模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0存在最小值,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0有最小值為SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,由題意SKIPIF1<0存在最小值,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:A3.(2024·廣東·一模)已知集合SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0且互不相等,則使得指數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,對數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0中至少有兩個(gè)函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增的有序數(shù)對SKIPIF1<0的個(gè)數(shù)是(
)A.16 B.24 C.32 D.48【答案】B【解析】若SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則有SKIPIF1<0個(gè);若SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則有SKIPIF1<0個(gè);若SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則有SKIPIF1<0個(gè);若SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則有SKIPIF1<0個(gè);綜上所述:共有SKIPIF1<0個(gè).故選:B.4.已知冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0的取值是(
)A.1 B.-3 C.1或-3 D.2【答案】A【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0為冪函數(shù),∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,不滿足題意.綜上可知:SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.5.(2024·四川宜賓·模擬預(yù)測)給出下列四個(gè)函數(shù):①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0;④SKIPIF1<0.其中在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù)的有(
)A.0個(gè) B.1個(gè) C.2個(gè) D.3個(gè)【答案】C【解析】SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù),故選:C6.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是冪函數(shù),對任意的SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值()A.恒大于0 B.恒小于0C.等于0 D.無法判斷【答案】A【解析】函數(shù)f(x)=(m2-m-1)SKIPIF1<0是冪函數(shù),所以m2-m-1=1,解得m=2或m=-1.當(dāng)m=2時(shí),f(x)=x2015;當(dāng)m=-1時(shí),f(x)=x-4.又因?yàn)閷θ我鈞1,x2∈(0,+∞)且x1≠x2,滿足SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)f(x)是增函數(shù),所以函數(shù)的解析式為f(x)=x2015,函數(shù)f(x)=x2015是奇函數(shù)且是增函數(shù),若a,b∈R且a+b>0,ab<0,則a,b異號(hào)且正數(shù)的絕對值較大,所以f(a)+f(b)恒大于0,故選A.7.冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在第一象限內(nèi)的圖象依次是如圖中的曲線(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】在第一象限內(nèi)直線SKIPIF1<0的右側(cè),冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象從上到下相應(yīng)的指數(shù)SKIPIF1<0由大變小,即“指大圖高”,所以冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在第一象限內(nèi)的圖象為SKIPIF1<0在第一象限內(nèi)的圖象為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在第一象限內(nèi)的圖象為SKIPIF1<0在第一象限內(nèi)的圖象為SKIPIF1<0.故選:D8.已知SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),且在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值個(gè)數(shù)為(
)A.1個(gè) B.2個(gè) C.3個(gè) D.4個(gè)【答案】B【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,不合要求,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),不合要求,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,不是奇函數(shù),不合要求,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,滿足要求,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,滿足要求.故選:B9.(2024·山東濟(jì)南·三模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镽,且SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論一定成立的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù)C.SKIPIF1<0有最小值 D.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增【答案】C【解析】由于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镽,且SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0恒成立,無法確定SKIPIF1<0,A不一定成立;由于SKIPIF1<0不一定成立,故SKIPIF1<0不一定為偶函數(shù),B不確定;由于SKIPIF1<0的對稱軸為SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的位置關(guān)系不確定,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上不一定單調(diào)遞增,D也不確定,由于SKIPIF1<0表示開口向上的拋物線,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0必有最小值,C正確,故選:C10.(2024·陜西·模擬預(yù)測)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.1 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】由題意可得SKIPIF1<0①;SKIPIF1<0②.令SKIPIF1<0,由①得:SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,由②得SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0,由①得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.11.(多選題)若冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像經(jīng)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則下列命題中,正確的有(
)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù) B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù)C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為減函數(shù) D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù)【答案】AC【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是冪函數(shù),所以設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0的圖像經(jīng)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),且在SKIPIF1<0為減函數(shù),故AC正確,BD錯(cuò)誤;故選:AC.12.(多選題)已知冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(m,SKIPIF1<0,m,n互質(zhì)),下列關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的結(jié)論正確的是(
)A.m,n是奇數(shù)時(shí),冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù)B.m是偶數(shù),n是奇數(shù)時(shí),冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù)C.m是奇數(shù),n是偶數(shù)時(shí),冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù)D.SKIPIF1<0時(shí),冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù)【答案】AC【解析】SKIPIF1<0對A,當(dāng)m,n是奇數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對稱,SKIPIF1<0,則冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),故A中的結(jié)論正確;對B,當(dāng)m是偶數(shù),n是奇數(shù),冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0時(shí)無意義,故B中的結(jié)論錯(cuò)誤;對C,當(dāng)m是奇數(shù),n是偶數(shù)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對稱,SKIPIF1<0,則冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),故C中的結(jié)論正確;對D,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),故D中的結(jié)論錯(cuò)誤;故選:AC.13.(多選題)冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù)C.SKIPIF1<0 D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【解析】由冪函數(shù)定義可知,系數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;故A正確;SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,其定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且滿足SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),即B正確;由SKIPIF1<0可知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以C錯(cuò)誤;函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,即D正確;故選:ABD.14.(多選題)(2024·甘肅定西·一模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)零點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0只有1個(gè)零點(diǎn)B.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0有3個(gè)零點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0只有1個(gè)零點(diǎn)C.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)零點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)零點(diǎn)D.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)零點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0有4個(gè)零點(diǎn)【答案】BD【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,利用指數(shù)函數(shù)與二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)作出SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象,如圖所示,由圖可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)零點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0無零點(diǎn)或只有1個(gè)零點(diǎn),故A錯(cuò)誤;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0有3個(gè)零點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0只有1個(gè)零點(diǎn),故B正確;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)零點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0有4個(gè)零點(diǎn).故C錯(cuò)誤,D正確.故選:BD.15.(2024·北京延慶·一模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)取值為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0(不唯一)【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0可以為偶函數(shù),不妨取SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),滿足在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0(不唯一)16.(2024·全國·模擬預(yù)測)寫出滿足下列條件①②③的一個(gè)函數(shù):SKIPIF1<0.①SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0(答案不唯一,形如SKIPIF1<0,p,q為奇數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0均可)【解析】由③知SKIPIF1<0(不妨取SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0),所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù),又由①②,函數(shù)為奇函數(shù)且定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以可取冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0(答案不唯一,形如SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為奇數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0均可).17.(2024·河北·模擬預(yù)測)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0都是增函數(shù),可得SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0,即為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.18.不等式S
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