2022屆福建省三明市第二中學高三上學期階段一考試英語試題-解析版

2022屆福建省三明市第二中學高三上學期階段一考試英語試題考前須知：1.全卷共10頁：總分值150分；2.答題前，考生務必先將答題卷上的年段、原班級、原空號、美名、準考近號、考試應位號用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚；3.請嚴格按照答題卷上題號在相應答題區(qū)內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題、草稿紙上答題無效；選擇題局部〔共95分〕第一局部聽力理解〔共兩節(jié)，總分值30分〕第一節(jié)〔共5小題：每題分，總分值分〕聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來答復有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttoeat?A.Ahamburgerwithfries.B.Ahamburgerwithonions.C.Acheeseburgerwithonions.2.WhatwillthemandoonSaturday?A.Getsomeworkdone.B.Visithisfriends.CHavelunchwiththewoman.3.Howmanyjobsdoesthewomanhave?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.4.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Theteacher'snotes.B.Thecontentofthefinalexam.C.Thematerialsneededforthetest.5.Wherewasthewomanthismorning?A.Intheclassroom.B.Inthegym.C.Inthelibrary.第二節(jié)〔共15小題：每題分，總分值分〕聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有2至4個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀各個小題：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，答復第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemanlikemostaboutthemovie?A.Thespecialeffects.B.Thedirector.C.Theactor.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Getsomedrinks.B.Findtheseats.C.Eatsomepo聽第7段材料，答復第8至10題。8.Wheredoesthewomanhavetogo?A.Towork.B.Totheairport.C.Tothepool.9.Whoisthewoman?A.Theman'sclassmate.B.Theman'sneighbor.C.Theman'ssister.10.Whycan'tthewomandriveherself?A.Sheisshortofmoney.B.Shewantstosleepmore.C.Sheistooyoungtodrive.聽第8段材料，答復第11至13題。11.Whendoesthewomanwantthepackagetoarrive?A.ByMonday.B.ByWednesday.C.ByThursday.12.Whatismostimportanttothewoman?A.Spendinglessmoney.B.Protectingherpackage.C.Sendingherpackagequickly.13.Whatdidthewomanpayfor?A.Two-dayshipping.B.Insuranceforherpackage.C.Keepingtrackofherpackage.聽第9段材料，答復第14至16題。14.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodointhebank?A.Openanaccount.B.Depositsomemoney.C.Withdrawsomemoney.15.Whatjusthappenedtothewoman?A.Shegotajob.B.Sherentedahouse.C.Shegraduatedfromhighschool.16.Whatdoesthewomansayshe'lldointheend?A.Openanonlineaccount.B.Askherfamilyforadvice.C.Borrowmoneyfromherparents.聽第10段材料，答復第17至20題。17.Wheredidthemanrealizehe'dlosthiswallet?A.Atthegolfcourse.B.Atthebakery.C.Atthegym.18.Whatdidthemanfindathome?A.Hisbankcard.B.Hisvisa.C.Hisdriver'slicense.19.Whofoundtheman'swallet?A.Someguyswhoworkintherestaurant.B.Akidwhowashesthegolfcarts.C.Aworkerwhocutsthegrass.20.Whatdidthemanofferasareward?A.Abeer.B.Aroundofgolf.C.Twohundreddollars.第二局部閱讀理解〔共兩節(jié)，總分值50分〕第一節(jié)〔共15小題：每題分，總分值分〕閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最正確選項。AWhatlimitsyoufromhikingmoreoften?Manycomplainthattheydon'thaveasuitablepartnertogowith.WhynottakealookatthegreathikingclubsacrossCanada??YukonOutdoorsClubMembershipcost:$10forasinglemembership;$15forafamilymembershipDescription:Theclubarrangesdayhikes,backpackingtrips,canoetrips,mountainbiking,cross-countryskiingtrips,snowshoeingtripsandvariousworkshopsformemberstogainnewskillsandvaluableinformation.?UBCVarsityOutdoorClubMembershipcost:Students$40；non-UBCstudents$60Description:TheUBCVarsityOutdoorClubisasocialgroupthathikes,mountaineers,rockclimbsandiceclimbs.Travelandoutdoor-mindedUBCstudentsandnon-studentsarewelcometojoin.TheUBCVOChasalsoconstructedafewbackcountrycottagesintheCoastMountains.?PenderHarborHikingGroupWebsite:penderharbourhiking.weebly.ComMembershipcost:Free.Description:ThePenderHarborHikingGroupoffershikesscheduledtwomonthsinadvance,sogetonthemailinglistorcheckthewebsiteregularlytofindahikethat'srightforyou!Hikesareusuallyoneandahalftotwohourslong,butsomefull-dayhikesarescheduled,dependingonmembers,interest.?VernonOutdoorsClubWebsite:vernonoutdoorsclub.OrgMembershipcost:Asinglemembershipis$25,andstudentspay$10,Childrenarefree.Description:Boastingamembershipofcloseto200people,theVernonOutdoorsClubisanactivegroupthatenjoyshikingandcycling.ThegrouporganizesaTuesdayRambleseventeachweekandalsohostsmulti-daytrips.1.Whichclubhasbuiltremotesheltersforhikers?A.TheYukonOutdoorsClub.B.TheVernonOutdoorsClub.C.TheUBCVarsityOutdoorClub.D.ThePenderHarborHikingGroup.2.WhatshouldyoudoifyouhopetohikewiththePenderHarbourHikingGroup?A.Makeaproperappointment.B.Followthewebsiteorthemail.C.Developyourinterestinhiking.D.Arrangetwomonthsaheadoftime.3.Whatdothefourclubshaveincommon?A.Bookinginadvance.B.Chargingmembershipfee.C.Providingskillworkshops.D.Organizinghikingactivities.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個可以提供徒步旅行的俱樂部。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文中第二局部UBCVarsityOutdoorClub介紹中“TheUBCVOChasalsoconstructedafewbackcountrycottagesintheCoastMountains.〔UBCVOC在海岸山脈還建造了一些偏僻的村舍。〕可知，只有UBCVarsityOutdoorClub提到了為遠足者建設了偏遠的村舍。應選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第三局部PenderHarborHikingGroup中“ThePenderHarborHikingGroupoffershikesscheduledtwomonthsinadvance,sogetonthemailinglistorcheckthewebsiteregularlytofindahikethat'srightforyou!〞〔PenderHarbor遠足小組提供提前兩個月安排的遠足，因此，請進入郵件列表或定期檢查網(wǎng)站，以找到適合您的遠足！〕可知，該俱樂部的遠足安排要關注網(wǎng)站或郵件，應選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文中PenderHarborHikingGroup介紹中“Description:ThePenderHarborHikingGroupoffershikesscheduledtwomonthsinadvance.〞〔PenderHarbor遠足小組提供提前兩個月安排的遠足〕所以可推知是要提前訂票安排的。A項“Bookinginadvance.〞〔提前預定〕可知文中并沒有提到所有活動都要提前訂票。同時該俱樂部介紹中“Membershipcost:Free.〞〔會員費：免費〕可知不收取會員費用，故B項“Chargingmembershipfee.〞〔收取會員費〕不對。文中YukonOutdoorsClub介紹中提到“Description:Theclubarrangesdayhikes,backpackingtrips,canoetrips,mountainbiking,cross-countryskiingtrips,snowshoeingtripsandvariousworkshopsformemberstogainnewskillsandvaluable.information.〞〔描述：俱樂部安排一日遠足，背包旅行，獨木舟旅行，山地自行車，越野滑雪旅行，雪鞋旅行和各種工作坊，供會員獲得新技能和珍貴信息。〕可知提到了獲取技能。其他俱樂部未提及。故C項“Providingskillworkshops〞〔提供技能作坊〕不對。根據(jù)?UBCVarsityOutdoorClub中的“Description:TheUBCVarsityOutdoorClubisasocialgroupthathikes,mountaineers,rockclimbsandiceclimbs.〞描述:UBCVarsity戶外俱樂部是一個社會團體，包括遠足、登山、攀巖和攀冰。根據(jù)?VernonOutdoorsClub中的“Description:Boastingamembershipofcloseto200people,theVernonOutdoorsClubisanactivegroupthatenjoyshikingandcycling.〞描述:擁有近200名會員，弗農(nóng)戶外俱樂部是一個活潑的團體，喜歡徒步旅行和騎自行車。由此可知，四個俱樂部都組織徒步活動。應選D項。BThehighlightofmyjourneywastobeParis,thecityI'dalwayswantedtosee.ButnowIwasfrightenedtotravelalone.Isteeledmyselfandwentanyway.IarrivedatthetrainstationinParispanicked.Pullingmyredsuitcasebehindme,Iwaspushedbysweatytravelers.OnmyfirstMetroride,Igaveaclumsypickpocketalook,andheletgoofmypurse.Atmystop,Icarriedmyheavysuitcaseupthesteepstairsandfrozeinconfusion.Somewhereinthisconfusingcitymyhotelwashidden,butsuddenlyIcouldn'treadmyowndirections.Istoppedtwopeople.BothhadthatParisianfacethatsaid:"Yes,IspeakEnglish,butyou'llhavetostrugglewithyourFrenchifyouwanttotalktome."WhenIfinallyfoundthehotel,myheartwaspounding.ThenIsawmyroom.Icouldn'tstay,couldI?Thewallpaperlookedlikeithadbeenthroughafire.Thebathroomwasdownthehall,andthewindowlookedoutontothebrickwallofanotherbuilding.WelcometoParis.Itwasmythirdweekawayfromhomeandmykids,andIhadarrivedinthemostromanticcityintheworldalone.Alone,lonely,andveryscared.ThemostimportantthingIdidinParishappenedatthatmoment.IknewthatifIdidn'tgooutrightthen,andfindaplacetohavedinner,IwouldhideinthisplacemyentiretimeinParis.SoIwentout.EveninginPariswaslightandwarm.Iwalkedalongawindingpath,listeningtobirdssingandwatchingchildrenfloattoysailboatsinahugefountain.Pariswasbeautiful.AndIwasherealonebutsuddenlynotlonely.Overcomingmyfearmademefeelfree,notabandoned.Duringmyweek'sstayinParisIdideverythingtherewastodo,anditwasthegreatestweekofmyEuropeanvacation.Ireturnedhomeabelieverinthehealingpowerofsolitarytravel.Travelingalonemakesupforitsproblemsbybuildingself-relianceandconfidence.CertainlyParisbecamemymetaphorforaddressinglife'schallengesonmyown.NowwhenImeetanobstacleIjustsaytomyself:IfIcangotoParis,Icangoanywhere.4.WhathappenedtotheauthorwhenshearrivedinParis?A.HerpursewasstolenonherfirstMetroride.B.Hersuitcasefelldownthesteepstairsinthestation.C.Shehadgreattroublefindingthehotelshehadbooked.D.ThetwoParisianssheturnedtorefusedtohelpher.5.Whentheauthorarrivedatherhotel,______.A.shewasattractedbytheunbelievablesceneryB.thedisappointingsceneryindoorsincreasedhersenseoflonelinessC.shestartedtomissherkidsandcalledthemupstraightawayD.shefeltfrightenedbecauseofaterriblefireinthehotel6.Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthattheauthor______.A.hadawalkoutsideafterhavingdinneratthehotelB.didn'tenjoyherselfonherfirstnightinParisC.darenottravelaloneagainafterhervisittoParisD.mighthavefeltabandonedbeforeshedecidedtoexplorealone7.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhertrip?A.Onecanonlyrelyonhimselftobuildhisownconfidence.B.Solitarytravelteachespeoplehowtosolveproblemsontheirown.C.Travelingaloneisfullofobstaclesandpeopleshouldlearntolivewiththem.D.Parisisthemostchallengingplacetovisitalone.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者在本文中介紹了自己去巴黎旅游的經(jīng)歷，起初的時候一切都不順利，后來作者克服了困難，有了一個完美的假期。并從這次旅行中獲得了生活的自信?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Atmystop,Icarriedmyheavysuitcaseupthesteepstairsandfrozeinconfusion.Somewhereinthisconfusingcitymyhotelwashidden,butsuddenlyIcouldn'treadmyowndirections.Istoppedtwopeople.BothhadthatParisianfacethatsaid:"Yes,IspeakEnglish,butyou'llhavetostrugglewithyourFrenchifyouwanttotalktome."(到了車站，我提著沉重的手提箱走上陡峭的樓梯，不知所措地僵住了。我住的酒店就藏在這個混亂的城市的某個地方，但突然間我找不到方向了。我攔住了兩個人。他們倆都長著一張巴黎人的臉，仿佛在說：“是的，我說英語，但如果你想和我說話，你得努力學好法語。〞)〞以及第二段中“WhenIfinallyfoundthehotel,myheartwaspounding.(當我終于找到那家旅館時，我的心怦怦直跳)〞可知，作者到達巴黎后，費了很大的勁才找到她預定的旅館。應選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thewallpaperlookedlikeithadbeenthroughafire.Thebathroomwasdownthehall,andthewindowlookedoutontothebrickwallofanotherbuilding.WelcometoParis.Itwasmythirdweekawayfromhomeandmykids,andIhadarrivedinthemostromanticcityintheworldalone.Alone,lonely,andveryscared.(墻紙看起來像剛被火烤過一樣。浴室在走廊盡頭，透過窗戶可以看到另一棟建筑的磚墻。歡送來到巴黎。這是我離開家和孩子的第三個星期，我單獨來到了世界上最浪漫的城市。孤單，寂寞，非常害怕)〞可知，當作者到達她的旅館時，室內(nèi)令人失望的景象增加了她的孤獨感。應選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“SoIwentout.EveninginPariswaslightandwarm.Iwalkedalongawindingpath,listeningtobirdssingandwatchingchildrenfloattoysailboatsinahugefountain.Pariswasbeautiful.AndIwasherealonebutsuddenlynotlonely.Overcomingmyfearmademefeelfree,notabandoned.(于是我就出去了。巴黎的夜晚明亮且溫暖。我沿著一條蜿蜒的小路走著，聽著鳥兒歌唱，看著孩子們在一個巨大的噴泉里漂著玩具帆船。巴黎是美麗的。我一個人在這里，但突然不孤單了?？朔謶肿屛腋械阶杂?，而不是被拋棄)〞可推知，作者在決定單獨探索之前可能有被遺棄的感覺。應選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ireturnedhomeabelieverinthehealingpowerofsolitarytravel.Travelingalonemakesupforitsproblemsbybuildingself-relianceandconfidence.CertainlyParisbecamemymetaphorforaddressinglife'schallengesonmyown.NowwhenImeetanobstacleIjustsaytomyself:IfIcangotoParis,Icangoanywhere.(回到家，我相信單獨旅行的治愈力量。單獨旅行通過建立自立和信心彌補了它的問題。當然，巴黎成了我單獨應對生活挑戰(zhàn)的隱喻?，F(xiàn)在，當我遇到障礙時，我會對自己說:如果我能去巴黎，我就能去任何地方)〞可知，作者從她的旅行中學到了單獨旅行教會人們?nèi)绾巫约航鉀Q問題。應選B。CInmanywalksoflifeandinmanysituations,persuadingpeopleto.dowhatyouwantthemtodoisthekeytosuccess.Researchershavelookedintodifferentaspectsofpersuasionandcomeupwithsomeinterestingresultswhicharesurelyhelpfultous.OneadvertisingcopywritercameupwithanapproachtosellingaproductonaTVshoppingchannelviaphonesales.Insteadofbeinginstructed“Operatorsarewaiting,pleasecallnow〞,viewersweretold“Ifoperatorsarebusy,pleasecallagain〞.Theresultswereextraordinary.Theadsuggestedoperatorsweren't-sittingaroundhoping.peoplewouldcall.Insteadthereweresomanypeople:wantingtheproductthatpeoplemighthavetowaituntiltheycouldgetit.Whatroledoeschoicehaveinpersuadingpeopletobuyorgetsomething?Onestudyinasupermarketshowedtheeffectofchoice.Aparticularsupermarketdisplayedeither6or24differentkindsofjam.The1argedisplayattractedmoreinterestthanthesmallone.Butwhenthetimecametopurchasethings;peoplewhosawthelargedisplaywereone-tenthaslikelytobuy.Iftheydobuy,theyarelesscontentwiththeirselection,eventhoughtheyhavemadeagoodchoice.Awiderrangeofchoicesrequiremoretimeandeffortandleadtounreasonablyhighexpectations.Anotheraspect6fpersuasionconcernsgettingsomeonetochangetheirmind:It'shardtoprovetosomeonethatapreviousdecisioniswrong,andaspeoplegetoldertheygetlessandlesswillingtochangetheirminds.Peoplewantthingstobeunwavering;theywanttheirattitudes,statements,valuesandactionstofollowasetpattern.Theonlywaytopersuadethemtochangeistoacknowledgerthisbyagreeingthatthepreviousdecisiontheymadeisaperfectlyunderstandableone.Thisallowsthemtofocusonyoursuggestionwithoutfeelingtheirpreviousdecisioniswrong.Asaresult,theymaybepersuadedtobreakoutoftheirestablishedpattern.8.Whatdoestheadvertisingcopywriterwanttoindicateabouttheproduct?A.It'sforsale. B.It'sprecious. C.It'sindemand. D.It's'rare.9.WhatdoesthestudymentionedinParagraph3show?A.Increasedchoicedecreasessatisfaction. B.Moreselectionsbringmoreactions.C.Moreandmorepeopledon'twanttochoose. D.Somechoicesaremoreattractivethanothers.10.What'stheauthor'sattitudetopeople'sunwillingnesstochangetheirmind?A.Indifferent. B.Favorable. C.Understandable. D.Unbearable.11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toteachbowtogetbetteratpersuasion. B.Todiscussvariousstudiesonpersuasion.C.Tocomparedifferentformsofpersuasion. D.Toanalyzehowpersuasionaffectssuccess.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。在生活的許多方面，在許多情況下，說服別人去做你想讓他們做的事情是成功的關鍵。研究人員研究了說服的不同方面，并得出了一些有趣的結(jié)果，這些結(jié)果肯定對我們很有幫助。文章主要說明了一些提高說服力的方法，并用實際的案例來進行說明這一方法的應用?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“OneadvertisingcopywritercameupwithanapproachtosellingaproductonaTVshoppingchannelviaphonesales.Insteadofbeinginstructed“Operatorsarewaiting,pleasecallnow〞,viewersweretold“Ifoperatorsarebusy,pleasecallagain〞.Theresultswereextraordinary.Theadsuggestedoperatorsweren’tsittingaroundhopingpeoplewouldcall.Insteadthereweresomanypeoplewantingtheproductthatpeoplemighthavetowaituntiltheycouldgetit.(一個廣告文案想出了一個在電視購物頻道通過銷售產(chǎn)品的方法。觀眾們被告知“如果接線員忙，請再撥〞，而不是“接線員正在等候，請立即撥〞。結(jié)果是驚人的。這那么廣告說明，運營商不會坐等人們打來。相反，有太多的人想要產(chǎn)品，人們可能不得不等待，直到他們可以得到它)〞可推知，廣告文案是想說明該產(chǎn)品需求量很大，許多人想買。應選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Onestudyinasupermarketshowedtheeffectofchoice.Aparticularsupermarketdisplayedeither6or24differentkindsofjam.Thelargedisplayattractedmoreinterestthanthesmallone.Butwhenthetimecametopurchasethings,peoplewhosawthelargedisplaywereone-tenthaslikelytobuy.Iftheydobuy,theyarelesssatisfiedwiththeirselection,eventhoughtheyhavemadeagoodchoice.Awiderrangeofchoicesrequiremoretimeandeffortandleadtounreasonablyhighexpectations.(一項在超市進行研究顯示了選擇的影響。某家超市展示了6種或24種不同的果醬。大顯示器比小顯示器更吸引人。但到了購置商品的時候，看到大屏幕的人購置的可能性只有前者的十分之一。如果他們真的買了，他們會對自己的選擇不太滿意，即使他們做出了不錯的選擇。更廣泛的選擇需要更多的時間和努力，并導致不合理的高期望)〞可推知，第3段提到的研究說明了選擇的增加降低了滿意度。應選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Anotheraspect6fpersuasionconcernsgettingsomeonetochangetheirmind:It'shardtoprovetosomeonethatapreviousdecisioniswrong,andaspeoplegetoldertheygetlessandlesswillingtochangetheirminds.Peoplewantthingstobeunwavering;theywanttheirattitudes,statements,valuesandactionstofollowasetpattern.Theonlywaytopersuadethemtochangeistoacknowledgerthisbyagreeingthatthepreviousdecisiontheymadeisaperfectlyunderstandableone.Thisallowsthemtofocusonyoursuggestionwithoutfeelingtheirpreviousdecisioniswrong.Asaresult,theymaybepersuadedtobreakoutoftheirestablishedpattern.(說服的另一個方面是讓別人改變主意：很難向別人證明之前的決定是錯誤的，而且隨著人們年齡的增長，他們越來越不愿意改變主意。人們希望事情是堅決不移的；他們希望自己的態(tài)度、言論、價值觀和行為遵循既定的模式。說服他們改變的唯一方法是成認這一點，成認他們之前做出的決定是完全可以理解的。這會讓他們專注于你的建議，而不會覺得他們之前的決定是錯誤的。因此，他們可能會被說服打破他們既定的模式)〞可推知，作者對人們不愿改變主意表示理解。應選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Inmanywalksoflifeandinmanysituations,persuadingpeopletodowhatyouwantthemtodoisthekeytosuccess.Researchershavelookedintodifferentaspectsofpersuasionandcomeupwithsomeinterestingresultswhicharesurelyhelpfultous.(在生活的許多方面，在許多情況下，說服別人去做你想讓他們做的事情是成功的關鍵。研究人員研究了說服的不同方面，并得出了一些有趣的結(jié)果，這些結(jié)果肯定對我們很有幫助)〞結(jié)合文章主要說明了一些提高說服力的方法，并用實際的案例來進行說明這一方法的應用?？赏浦髡邔戇@篇文章的目的是教授如何提高說服能力。應選A。DAcompetitionmakingupVersaillesliteraturewaslaunchedonSinaWeiborecently.SowhatisVersaillesliterature?Actually,thetermhasnothingtodowiththeFrenchpalacenorwithliterature.ItcamefromTheRoseofVersailles,aJapanesemangaseriesaboutaristocratic〔貴族化的〕lifeatthepalaceofVersaillesinFranceinthelate18thcentury,andwascoinedbyaChineseinfluencerearlierthisyear.Knownashumblebragging,itisaboast〔吹?！砫isguisedasacomplaint.“Ihavetoomanyhouses.HowcanIdecidewhichonetodecorate?〞and“IthoughtIlostweightthismorning.SodisappointedwhenIrealizeditwasbecauseItookoffthehugediamondringmyboyfriendgavemelastnight〞aresomeexamplesofVersaillesliterature.Theintentionistoshowoff---usuallythingsofmaterialisticvalues,yetoneoughttopretendthat’snotthepoint.Asthe19thcenturyEnglishauthorJaneAustenfamouslywrote,“Nothingismoredeceitful〔欺詐的〕thantheappearanceofhumility〔謙遜〕.〞Thepsychologybehindhumblebraggingistoberecognizedforone’ssuccessesandbelikedbyothersatthesametime,accordingtoscholars.InherarticletitledWhydopeoplehatehumblebragging?publishedinPsychologyToday,psychologistDr.SusanKraussWhitbourneattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmherstnotedthathumblebraggingisa“strategyinpursuitofrespect〞becauseitdrawsattentiontoone’saccomplishmentsinacircuitousway.However,studiesonsocialmediausersshowthathumblebraggingasaself-promotionstrategydoesnotwork.IntheessayHumblebragging:Adistinctandineffectiveself-presentationstrategy,theUniversityofNorthCarolinaresearcherOvulSezerandHarvardUniversityscholarsFrancescaGinoandMichaelNortonconcludedfromtheirresearchthathumblebraggersareperceivedmorenegativelythanstraightbraggersduetotheformer’sinsincerity.“Thecriticalfactordifferentiatingthetwogroupsofpeopleissincerity.Peopledon’tlikebraggers,buttheyatleastseethemasmoresincerethanhumblebraggers,〞saidFrancescaGino.So,howcanweannoyhumblebraggersback?“Justpretendyoudon’tgetwhateveritistheytrytoshowoff,〞anetizenadvised.“Andrespondwithgenuinesympathyfortheircomplaints.〞12.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistypicalof“Versaillesliterature〞?A.Youknowwhomyfatheris?MyfatherisLiGang.B.Gotfiveofferstodate.I’matalosswhichtochoose.C.It’saheadachehowtomakemysontidyuphisroomregularly.D.I’mfedupwithlivinginthecountrysidewithnoshoppingmallsaround.13.Whatisthepsychologybehindhumblebragging?A.Towinothers’sympathy. B.Toearnothers’admiration.C.Toshowhis/hersincerity. D.Tomaskhis/hercomplaint.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedworld“circuitous〞inParagraph3probablymean?A.Roundabout. B.Straightforward.C.Ambiguous. D.Double-edged.15.Whatcan’tbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Braggersarerelativelymoresincerethanhumblebraggers.B.Humblebraggingisanartificialappearanceofbeinghumble.C.Torespondwithrealsympathywilldiscouragehumblebraggers.D.Ifyouwanttobeperceivedpositively,avoidusingVersaillesliterature.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“凡爾賽文學〞。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Knownashumblebragging,itisaboast〔吹?！砫isguisedasacomplaint.“Ihavetoomanyhouses.HowcanIdecidewhichonetodecorate?〞and“IthoughtIlostweightthismorning.SodisappointedwhenIrealizeditwasbecauseItookoffthehugediamondringmyboyfriendgavemelastnight〞aresomeexamplesofVersaillesliterature.Theintentionistoshowoff---usuallythingsofmaterialisticvalues,yetoneoughttopretendthat’snotthepoint.〔這被稱為謙虛自夸，是一種偽裝成抱怨的自夸。“我的房子太多了。我怎么決定要裝飾哪一個呢?和“我以為今天早上我瘦了。〞當我意識到是因為我把昨晚男朋友送給我的巨大鉆石戒指摘下來的時候，我非常失望。〞這些都是凡爾賽文學的例子。其目的是炫耀——通常是一些物質(zhì)價值的東西，但人們應該假裝這不是重點。〕〞可知，“凡爾賽文學〞是指謙虛自夸，是一種偽裝成抱怨的自夸，其目的是炫耀——通常是一些物質(zhì)價值的東西。B項：〔啊呀有五個人排著隊想和我約會，我都不知道約哪個好〕是教科書式的“凡爾賽文學〞。應選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thepsychologybehindhumblebraggingistoberecognizedforone’ssuccessesandbelikedbyothersatthesametime,accordingtoscholars.〔根據(jù)學者們的研究，謙虛自夸背后的心理是為了在獲得成功的同時得到別人的認可和喜歡〕〞可知，謙虛自夸背后的心理是為了贏得別人的欽佩。應選B。【14題詳解】詞句猜想題。根據(jù)上文“thathumblebraggingisa“strategyinpursuitofrespect〞〔謙虛自夸是一種“追求尊重的策略〞〕〞可知，謙虛自夸是用自謙的方式來吹牛，是一種繞彎的方式。由此可推知，“becauseitdrawsattentiontoone’saccomplishmentsinacircuitousway.〞意為“因為它以一種迂回的方式將人們的注意力吸引到一個人的成就上。〞，circuitous意為“迂回的〞。A.roundabout迂回的；B.straightforward直接的；C.ambiguous模棱兩可的；D.double-edged也有模棱兩可的意思，還有雙刃劍的(有利有弊的)意思。應選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。注意題目問的是不能can'tbeinferred，定位到第四段“Peopledon’tlikebraggers,buttheyatleastseethemasmoresincerethanhumblebraggers,〞〔人們不喜歡吹牛的人，但至少他們覺得這些人比謙虛自夸者更真誠。〕〞可知，A選項“吹牛的人要比謙虛自夸者更真誠〞正確；第三段“nothingismoredeceitfulthantheappearanceofhumility〔沒有什么比謙虛的外表更容易騙人的了〕〞對應B選項的“artificialappearanceofbeinghumble〔謙虛的假象〕〞；最后一段“So,howcanweannoyhumblebraggersback?“Justpretendyoudon’tgetwhateveritistheytrytoshowoff,〞anetizenadvised.“Andrespondwithgenuinesympathyfortheircomplaints.〞〔那么，我們該如何回應這些謙虛的吹牛者呢?一位網(wǎng)友建議道:“他們想炫耀的是什么，你就假裝什么都不懂吧。〞“并對他們的抱怨報以真誠的同情。〞〕〞可知C項：〔用真正的同情來回應會讓謙虛的吹牛者泄氣〕正確；而文中沒有提到如何被認可，所以D選項“如果你想被正面地看待，防止使用凡爾賽文學〞從文中無法推出。應選D。第二節(jié)〔共5小題：每題分，總分值分〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theyear2021marksthebeginningofthedecadeoftheyold,orthe“youngold〞，astheJapanesecallpeopleagedbetween65and75,whocontinuetoworkandstaysociallyengaged.____16____.Theyoldaremorenumerous,healthierandwealthierthanpreviousgenerationsofseniors.____17____Ofthe3.7yearsofincreasedlifeexpectancy(預期壽命)inrichcountriesbetween2000and2021,saystheWHO,3.2yearswereenjoyedingoodhealth.Workingisoneofthefactorsthatarehelpingpeoplestayhealthylonger.AGermanstudyfoundthatpeoplewhoremainatworkafterthenormalretirementagemanagetoslowthecognitive(認知的)decline.Theyoldarealsobetteroff,whilethewealthofallotheragegroupsdeclined.TheyoldarenotjustanygroupofoldpeopleTheyarechallengingthetraditionalexpectationsoftheretiredaswhoarewearingindoorshoesandlookafterthegrandchildren.____18____Theybecomeoneofthefastestgrowinggroupforairlinebusiness.Theyspendmuchmore,whentakingaforeignholiday,thanyoungadults.SotheyarevitaltotheTourismindustry.TheyarealsochangingeducationandfinanceBecauseoftheimportanceofpensions,theyoldaretransforminginsurancecompaniesfrompassivedistributorsoffiredannuities(年金)tofinancialserviceprovidersforcustomerswhowanttomanagetheirpensionpotsmoreactively.____19____Theyfindthatolderworkershave,ifanything,slightlyabove-averageproductivityandthatteamsofworkersfrommultiplegenerationsarethemostproductiveofall.Societiesshouldbebetteroffbecausepublicspendingonhealthandpensionsshouldbelowerthanexpected,aspeopleworklongerandneedlessmedicalcare.Today,somebigthingswillhavetochange,underpressurefromtheyoldthemselves.Themostimportantispublicattitudestowardsolderpeopleandinparticulartheexpectationthat60-somethingsoughttoquietlyretireintothebackground.____20____Theyoldwilldemandthatcompaniesbecomemoreage-friendlyand,intheprocess,helpchangeattitudestowardsagingitself.A.Healthyyoldpeoplewillrequiregreatchangesinhealthspending.B.Manycompaniesdiscriminateagainstolderworkersbyofferingtrainingonlytoyoungerones.C.Theriseoftheyoldwilldefinitelybeablessingtobothcultureandeconomy.D.Healthworsenswithage,buttheyoldareresistingthedeclinebetterthanmost.E.Manybossesthinkproductivityfallswithage,butstudiesinGermanysuggestotherwise.F.Thatwilldisturbconsumers,serviceandfinancialmarkets.G.Theyold,intheirnewappearanceastheyoungold,areexpectedtochangetheworld.【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.E20.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。本文從日本老齡化社會出發(fā)，論述了悠得人群體日漸成為社會生產(chǎn)力和消費力現(xiàn)象?！?6題詳解】下一句“Theyoldaremorenumerous,healthierandwealthierthanpreviousgenerationsofseniors.(與上一代老年人相比，悠得人的數(shù)量更多，更健康，也更富有)〞說明悠得人比上一代老年人的數(shù)量更多，更健康，也更富有，因此，G項“Theyold,intheirnewappearanceastheyoungold,areexpectedtochangetheworld(悠得人，以他們年輕老人的新面貌，有望改變這個世界)〞符合語境，選項中的“newappearance〞是關鍵詞，與下文構成順承關系，應選G項。【17題詳解】下一句“Ofthe3.7yearsofincreasedlifeexpectancy(預期壽命)inrichcountriesbetween2000and2021,saystheWHO,3.2yearswereenjoyedingoodhealth.(世衛(wèi)組織稱，2000至2021年間，富裕國家的預期壽命延長了年，其中有年是在良好的健康狀態(tài)下度過的)〞提到世界衛(wèi)生組織的調(diào)查結(jié)論，隨著人們預期壽命的增長，健康的年限也在增長，且下文的“Workingisoneofthefactorsthatarehelpingpeoplestayhealthylonger.〞說明工作有益健康，可推知，首句必然和健康有關，因此，D項“Healthworsenswithage,buttheyoldareresistingthedeclinebetterthanmost.(健康狀況隨著年齡的增長而惡化，但悠得人比大多數(shù)人更能抵抗這種衰退)〞符合語境，與最后一句“Theyoldarealsobetteroff,whilethewealthofallotheragegroupsdeclined.(悠得人群的境況也更富有，而其他所有年齡組的財富都在下降。)〞照應，介紹悠得人群的優(yōu)點。應選D項?！?8題詳解】上文“TheyoldarenotjustanygroupofoldpeopleTheyarechallengingthetraditionalexpectationsoftheretiredaswhoarewearingindoorshoesandlookafterthegrandchildren.(悠得人并非僅是一波尋常的老人。他們正在挑戰(zhàn)人們對退了休的人穿著拖鞋、照看孫兒這種慣有的預期)〞以及下文“SotheyarevitaltotheTourismindustry.Theyarealsochangingeducationandfinance…(因此，它們對旅游業(yè)至關重要。他們也在改變教育和金融)〞談到，這批人將改變對老人的傳統(tǒng)印象，認為老人是待在家里的照顧孫子孫女的，下文談到是老人開始成為航空業(yè)、旅游業(yè)的?？停踔脸^了年輕人，可推知，該題干要表達出與常識不同的差異性，因此，F(xiàn)項“Thatwilldisturbconsumers,serviceandfinancialmarkets(這將擾亂消費者、效勞業(yè)和金融市場)〞符合語境，該選項中“disturb〞是關鍵詞，與上下文照應。應選F項?！?9題詳解】下文“Theyfindthatolderworkershave,ifanything,slightlyabove-averageproductivityandthatteamsofworkersfrommultiplegenerationsarethe