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Unit2Heroes

主題:人與社會子話題:對社會有突出貢獻的人物對應教材:

必修1Unit2Heroes;選修8Unit24Society

zStep1誦讀枝典?滲透文化意謂///=

I.細品味經(jīng)典文章

Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterof

rosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,a

qualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshness

ofthedeepspringsoflife.

Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageover

timidity,oftheappetiteforadventureovertheloveofease.Thisoften

existsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerely

byanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.

Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthe

soul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowstheheartandturnsthespirit

backtodust.

Whether60or16,thereisineveryhumanbeing'sheartthelureof

wonder,theunfailingchildlikeappetiteofwhatsnextandthejoyofthe

gameofliving.Inthecenterofyourheartandmyheartthereisa

wirelessstation:solongasitreceivesmessagesofbeauty,hope,

cheer,courageandpowerfrommenandfromtheInfinite,solongare

youyoung.

Whentheaerialsaredown,andyourspiritiscoveredwithsnowsof

cynicismandtheiceofpessimism,thenyouaregrownold,evenat20,

butaslongasyouraerialsareup,tocatchwavesofoptimism,thereis

hopeyoumaydieyoungat80.

II.按要求完成任務

1.Readthepassageandunderlinethesentencesdescribingthe

definitionofyouth.

Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterof

rosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,a

dualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshness

ofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamental

predominanceofcourageovertimiditv,oftheappetiteforadventure

overtheloveofease.

2.Whatisyouropinionaboutyouth?

Answersmayvary.Forexample,thoseshouldhavea

dream/ambitioninthelongandshortterm.

zStep2固本強基?鍛造語言能力///=

I.重點詞匯

1.calmvt.&vi.(使)平靜;(使)鎮(zhèn)定adj.平靜的;鎮(zhèn)靜的;沉

著的

【典型例句】

Whenweareanxiousorupset,practicingcalligraphycanmakeuscalm

downandturnreasonable.

當我們焦慮不安的時候,練習書法可以使我們平靜下來,變得理智。

【詞塊必記】

⑴calm(sb.)down(使某人)平靜下來;鎮(zhèn)靜下來

stay/keep/becalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜

(2)calmlyadv.安靜地平靜地

【知識拓展】類似同義詞辨析

平靜的,沉著的,指風平浪靜或人的情緒平

calm

quiet寧靜的,安靜的,指沒有聲音,不吵鬧

silent寂靜的,沉默的,指不說話或沒有聲音

still靜止的,不動的,指人或物靜止不動

【語境速測】單句語法填空

①Despitefeelingangerandconcern,weshouldcalmdownandthink

seriouslyaboutwhythishappened.

②Igotupandwalkedcalmlv(calm)outintotheearlyevening.

完成句子

③Don'tpanicorgetoutofline,andtrytoremainquietandcalm.(保持

安靜和鎮(zhèn)靜).

請用calm,silent,still,quiet填空

④Whenfacingdanger,oneshouldkeepcalm;whentakenphotosof,

oneshouldkeepstill;whensomeoneelseisasleep,oneshouldkeep

quiet;inclass,oneshouldn'tkeepsilentabouttheteacher'squestions.

2.equaladj.平等的,相等的,能勝任的;n.(地位等)相同的人;對

手;相等的事物此等于,比得上

【典型例句】

Acoupletmusthavethefollowingfeatures:one,eachlinehavingan

equalnumberofcharacters,andthesamesensegroups;two,strictly

adheringtothetonalpatterns.

對聯(lián)必須具備以下特點:一要字數(shù)相等,斷句一致;二要平仄相合,音

調和諧。

【詞塊必記】

(l)beequalto(doing)sth.等于/勝任(做)某事

(2)AequalsBin...A在...方面比得上B/與B相匹敵

(3)onequalterms在對等的條件下

(be)withoutequal/havenoequal無與倫比

(4)equalityn.平等

equallyadv.相等地;同等地;均等地;同樣地

【語境速測】單句語法填空

①Anymanwillbeequaltothetask,solongasheiscareful.

?Whatevereducationyoureceive,youcanbeeaually(equal)

successfulwithyourhardwork.

③RosaParkswasrespectedbytheblackpeoplebecauseshehadfought

forequality(eaual)allherlife.

語段填詞

④Maryisaclevergirlwithoutequal,shethinksshehasequalrightandis

equaltothesameworkasboys,shelooksforwardtoequalityand

demandsthatsheshouldbetreatedeauallvandhersalaryshouldequal

thatofboys.

瑪麗是個無與倫比聰明的女孩,她認為她有與男孩平等的權利,并且

能勝任與男孩相同的工作。她渴望平等,要求被平等地對待,并且薪水

與男孩一樣。

3.strugglevt.&n.掙扎,斗爭,拼搏

【典型例句】

Idon'tthinkitiswisetoneglectadevotedhumanfriendbutfavorthe

phone,becausehumanfriendscanpushusoninthefiercestrugglein

lifewhilephonesareonlyourtools.

我認為忽視一個忠誠的人類朋友而選擇手機是不明智的,因為人類朋

友可以在生活的激烈抗爭中推動我們,而手機只是我們的工具。

【詞塊必記】

strugglefor為……而斗爭

strugglewith/againstsb./sth.與某人/某物作斗爭

struggletodosth.努力做某事

struggletoone'sfeet掙扎著站起來

【語境速測】單句語法填空

①Despitehisimpressiverecord,Federerhasbeenstruggling

against/withtheothertopplayersofthisgeneration,includingRafael

NadalandNovakDjokovic.

②Hestruggledtofind(find)hisplaceintheworldwhilehewasgrowing

upinatoughneighborhoodofMiami.

③Theyhadtostrugglefortheirlivesagainstweatherandwildanimals.

完成句子

?Theyhadtostrugelefortheirlivestolivetheirlifeagainst

theextremecoldweatherintheNorthPole.

為了生存它們不得不與北極極寒的天氣斗爭。

4.reactvi.反應

【典型例句】

Ifwepaynoattentiontotheirstruggleforequalrights,theymayreactto

itbyothermeans.

如果我們不在意他們?yōu)闋幦∑降葯嗬龅亩窢?,他們可能會以其?/p>

方式作出反應。

【詞塊必記】

(l)reactto對……作出反應

reactwith與...起(化學)反應

reactagainst反對;反抗

reacton/upon對...有影響

(2)reactionn.反應

inreactionto對...的反應

【語境速測】單句語法填空

①Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.

完成句子

②Howwilltheteacherreacttowhatthechildrenhavedone?

這位老師對孩子們所做的事會做出什么反應?

③Itdependson/uponwhethertheyhavereactedan/insthisprinciple.

這取決于他們是否違背他的原則。

句式升級

④用主語從句連接②③句

Howtheteacherwillreacttowhatthechildrenhavedonedepends

on/uponwhethertheyhavereactedagainsthisprinciple.

5.competevi.比賽,競爭

【典型例句】

Wecancompetewithstudentsfromotheruniversitiesindebateor

speechcontests.

我們可以在辯論賽或演講比賽中與其他大學的學生競爭。

【詞塊必記】

(l)competefor...為...而競爭

competewith/against...與...競爭

competein...在...方面競爭;參加...比賽

(2)competitionn.競爭,競賽

competitorn.參賽者;對手

competitiveadj.競爭性的

【語境速測】單句語法填空

①Theseoutsidevaluesoftencompetewithfamilyvaluesforyourchild's

attention.

②Amazonwillhaveanimpactonthemarketplace,butitiscominginto

analreadyverycompetitive(compete)market.

完成句子

(3)Asalongdistanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherself.

作為一名長距離游泳運動員,她將與自己競爭。

④Inthefuturelife,wehavetocompetewithothers.

在未來的人生中,我們不得不與其他人競爭。

II.核心短語

6.giveup放棄,讓給,停止

【典型例句】

Worsestill,Itookmanyfallsoffthebike.Iwasabouttogiveupwhen

myfathercameandencouragedmetokeepgoing.

更糟的是,我從自行車上摔下來很多次。我正要放棄的時候,這時父親

來了,鼓勵我繼續(xù)前進。

【詞塊必記】

(l)giveup+n./doing放棄某物/做某事

(2)giveoneselfuptosb.向...自首,投降

giveoff發(fā)出(氣味、光、熱等)

giveout分發(fā);用完;耗盡;發(fā)布

givein屈服,讓步

giveaway贈送;分發(fā);泄露;出賣

【語境速測】單句語法填空

?lrealizedthatIshouldn'tgiveupanopportunitytoseehim.

②Mymoneywasbeginningtogiveoutandtherewerenojobstobe

found.

③Theozonelayerblockssomeharmfulrayswhichthesungivesoff.

④Igaveintocuriosityandopenedtheletteraddressedtohim.

⑤Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveup

doing(do)sports.

7.geton融洽相處;進展;上(車、船等);繼續(xù)進行下去

【典型例句】

MydadandIputonournewcowboyhats,gotonourhorses,and

headedslowlytowardsthemountains.

我爸爸和我戴上我們新的牛仔帽,騎上馬,慢慢地向山上行進。

【詞塊必記】

(l)getonwithsb./sth.與某人相處/某事進展如何

(2)getawayfrom避免;擺脫;離開

getdownto(doing)sth.認真著手(做)某事

getridof去掉,克服

getthrough完成;通過(考試);打通電+話

【語境速測】寫出黑體部分的含義

①Igetonbetterwitheveryoneinthecompany,whichmakesmyjobso

muchfun.(融洽相處)

②Bacteriacanspreadthroughoutthekitchenandgetoncuttingboards,

knives,andcountertops.(蔓延)

完成句子

(3)lnaddition,everystudentcanbeinharmonywithforeignfriends,

whichmakesiteasyforyouto2etalone/onwiththem.

此外,每個學生與外國朋友要和睦,這使你們容易與他們相處。

8.onone'sown獨立地,自主地

【典型例句】

MostChinesecollegestudentsfindithardtoadjusttolivingontheirown.

大多數(shù)中國大學生認為適應獨立生活比較困難。

【詞塊必記】

ofone'sown屬于某人自己的(常作后置定語)

onone'sown=byoneself/alone(常作狀語)

getone/sownback報復

holdone'sown堅守住,不退讓

【語境速測】單句語法填空

①Tohavesometimeonherown,Bechtelpreferredtogooutforlunch.

單句改錯

②Everyoneshouldlearntobeindependentanddotheirworkoftheir

own.(of->on)

完成句子

③Ourchildrenaregrownupandhavechildrenoftheirown.

我們的子女都已長大成人,有了自己的孩子。

III.經(jīng)典句式

9.Jenniferwasinthekitchen,withherhardsinabowlofflour...

珍妮弗在廚房里,雙手放在一碗面粉里……

【句型公式】

⑴句中withherhandsinabowlofflour為with復合結構,即“with+賓語

+賓語補足語〃結構。這種結構常用于補充說明,大多數(shù)情況下作狀語,

表示伴隨、原因、時間等,有時作后置定語。

(2)with復合結構的構成:

,形容詞/副詞

介詞短語

wilh+名詞/代詞+<現(xiàn)在分詞

過去分詞

動詞不定式

⑶在〃with+賓語+賓語補足語〃結構中,不定式表示將來的動作;現(xiàn)在分

詞說明這一動作和前面的賓語之間是主動關系,或者指這一動作正在

進行;過去分詞說明這一動作與前面的賓語之間是被動關系,或者指

這一動作已完成。

【語境速測】單句語法填空

?Moreover,withthestadiumfounded(found),awiderangeof

sportseventsareabletobeheld.

②Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle(settle),thenewly-elected

presidentishavingahardtime.

同義句轉換

(3)Thescientistfelthewasfartoobusyasalmostallhistimewastakenup

bywork.

->Thescientistfelthewasfartoobusywithalmostallhistimetakenup

bywork.

玲Thescientistfelthewasfartoobusywithworktakingupalmostallhis

time.

完成句子

?Don'tstandwithyourhandsinyourpockets.

站著的時候別把雙手插在口袋里。

10.Wearedrivingalongacountrylanewhensuddenlyacardrovepast

us.

我們正沿著一條鄉(xiāng)村車道行駛,這時突然有一輛轎車超過了我們。

【典型例句】

Iwasgivingupwhenmyfathercameandencouragedmetokeepgoing.

我正要放棄,這時父親來了,鼓勵我繼續(xù)前進。

【句型公式】

(l)z/bedoing...when..."固定句式,表示“正在做某事,這時

(突然)...其中when是并列連詞,不能換成while,as,then等。

(2)when用作并列連詞句型歸納:

beabouttodo...when...正打算做...這時....

hadjustdone...when...剛做了...這時....

beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做...這時....

【語境速測】單句語法填空

①Justlastyear,Iwasconductinr(conduct)aworkshopwhensomeone

knockedattheclassroomdoor.

語段填詞

②Thechildrenwereplavinubytheriverwhentheysawadrowninglittle

dogintheriverandtheywereabouttoswimtosaveitwhenitstartedto

strugglebacktowardsthebank.Ithadiustarrivedsafelyontheshore

whenitrainedheavily.Allthechildrenwerewetbutgladforit.

孩子們正在河邊玩時看到河里有條落水的小狗。他們正要游泳去救它,

突然它開始掙扎著往岸邊游了過來。它剛剛安全地上岸,突然下起大

雨。所有的孩子都淋濕了但都為它感到高興。

【備選要點】

1.confidentadj.確信的;自信的

【典型例句】

TheChinesepeopletreasurepeaceandweabsolutelydonotengagein

invasionandexpansion.However,wehavetheconfidencetoconquer

allformsofinvasion.

中國人民珍愛和平,我們決不搞侵略擴張,但我們有戰(zhàn)勝一切侵略的

信心。

【詞塊必記】

zof/in/aboutsth.對.....有把握,

(1)beconfident/對.....確信

\that-clausc確信

(2)confidencen.信心,自信

with(great)confidence(很)有把握地,(很)自信地

haveconfidencein對...有信心

⑶confidentlyadv.自信地;確信地

【語境速測】單句語法填空

①Mikesaidconfidentlv(confident)thathewouldbesuccessfulinthe

match.

②Nobodyknowswhetherhehasenoughconfidence(confident)tocarry

onthiscareer.

③Themanagerisconfidentabout/ofthewaybusinessisprogressing.

完成句子/句式升級

④Ihaveconfidenceinourfuture.

我對我們的未來充滿信心C

⑤I'mconfidentthatChinawillbemorepowerfulthanmostofthe

westerncountriesinthefollowing50years.

我相信中國在未來五十年內會比大部分西方國家更強大。

⑥用分詞短語把④⑤合并為一句

Havingconfidenceinourfuture,I'mconfidentthatChinawillbemore

powerfulthanmostofthewesterncountriesinthefollowing50

years.

2.cometodosomething開始認識、理解

【文化金句】

Asthelegendtells,fireisprohibitedduringtheQingmingFestival,so

peoplecometojoinsomesportsactivitiestokeepwarmandavoidharms

causedbycolddishes.

據(jù)傳說,清明節(jié)期間禁止生火,所以人們開始參加一些體育活動,以保

持溫暖,避免涼菜造成的傷害。

【詞塊必記】

know/realize開始了解到/意識到

(1)cometoanend結束

oneself蘇醒過來;醒悟過來

(2)whenitcomesto.當談到……的時候

【語境速測】單句語法填空

①Ihopetomakefriendswithyouandcometounderstand(uederstasd)

eachother.

②WhenHenrycametohimself(he),hefoundhimselflyinginbed.

完成句子

(3)Youwilloftenbelinkedtoyourfamilywhenitcomestovour

character

當涉及你的性格時,你經(jīng)常會和你的家庭聯(lián)系在一起,

?Step3強化檢測?提升學習能力l

I.單句語法填空

1.(2020?江蘇高考)Hesaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhen

thingswerebuilttolast.

2.(2019?全國卷II)Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequally(eaual)

important.

3.(2019?江蘇高考)Childrenlovethesmalltrainandplaygroundsand

thereisplentymoretoexplore(explore)atthemuseum.

4.(2020,全國HI卷)Don'ttakeitpersonallytoersonal).

5.(2020,新高考全國I卷)Museumsmustcompeteforpeople'sspare

timeandmoneywithotheramusements.

II.完成句子

1.(2020?浙江高考)ThelastthingIsawwasDon'sface,lookingcalmlv

backatme(平靜地回頭看著我).

2.(2019?天津高考)Inthefuture,withadvancesinourabilitytocontrol

(隨著我們的控制能力的增加)biologicalage,wemayhaveevenfewer

candlesonourbirthdaycakethanthepreviousone.

3.(2019?天津高考)Whileonland(當在陸地上時),wekilledofflarge

predatorsuchaswolves.

4.(2018?江蘇高考)Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyand

friendsandtoplavNames(和家人朋友一起使用社交媒體玩游戲)when

theyareinprimaryschool.

5.(2020?新高考全國I卷)InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthe

architecturalwonders(欣賞了一些著名建筑,whileonhiswayto

Bukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrug

dealing.

III.語法填空(黑體詞為本單元重點詞匯)

Johnisamanofgoodcharacter,becausehealwayskeeps1.

calm(calm)inanemergency.Therefore,allthepeoplewhogeton2.

wellwithhimandevencompete3.withhiminworkadmirehim.

Oneday,he4.wasriding(ride)hisbikeonthewayhomewhenhe

noticedamanlyingontheground.Hestoppedandfoundthemangot5.

injured(injure)seriouslybecauseofatrafficaccident.Hisfirstreaction6.

toitwastocallthe120andthenhecheckedthemantoconfirmwhether

hewasaliveornot.Whentheambulancearrivedatthespot,allthe

doctors7.involved(involve)themselvesinthefirstaidandthought

highlyofhim,sayinghewasequal8.tobeingadoctor.

Whenitcameto9.anend,thelocalmediareportedhisdeed.

Hegavehis10.opinion(opinion)thathewouldcontinuetohelppeople

inneedwiththecitizensencouraginghimconfidently.

zStep4直擊高考?培兼思惟區(qū)應l

核心素養(yǎng)了解中外古代、近代思想家、偉人及其思想、文化和重要

發(fā)明,

增強文化意識

高考鏈接2020,全國I卷語法填空;2018?浙江高考閱讀理解A;

2017?浙江高考閱讀理解A;2016?全國卷I閱讀理解A

I.話題與閱讀理解

(2018?浙江高考閱讀理解A)

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novels

publishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury-most

expertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobody

wantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswas

stillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(識字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.

Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,often

withsomethinglike“Byalady”.Novels,forthemostpart,werelooked

uponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirst

professionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledan

explosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipand

whosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoral

touchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghim

fromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutas

muchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.

HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattach

tostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremely

difficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringthe

Victorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeableto

nameahalf-dozenofthem.ItspartlytruethatDickens'styleofwriting

attractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiswritings

rodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothat

herewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.No

onewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmade

Dickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhis

birthapproaches,itispossible——andimportantforourownculture—to

understandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.

【文章大意】這是一篇寫于狄更斯誕辰200周年紀念前夕的文章,介紹

了英國小說的產(chǎn)生和興盛,以及狄更斯在英國小說界的地位。

1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18th

century?

A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.

B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.

C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.

D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.

選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Novels,forthemostpart,were

lookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad,可知,18世紀的英國小

說被看不起,被認為是愚蠢的,邪惡的,壞透了的。與C選項中的

worthless基本一致,故選C。

2.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetextto

stress.

A.hisreputationinFrance

B.hisinterestinmodernart

C.hissuccessinpublication

D.hisimportanceinliterature

選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中TodayDickens'greatnessis

unchallenged.可知,文章把狄更斯與《蒙娜麗莎》作比較,是利用《蒙

娜麗莎》在藝術界的地位來類比狄更斯在文學界的地位。故選D。

3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Torememberagreatwriter.

B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.

C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.

D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.

選A。目的意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段中Butasthe200thanniversaryofhis

birthapproaches,...可知,本文寫于狄更斯誕辰200周年紀念前

夕,顯然是為了紀念這位偉大的作家。故選A。

【微技能點撥】推斷題的應對策略

推理判斷題要求在理解表面文字的基礎上,做出判斷和推論,從

而得到文章的隱含的意思和深層的意思,也就是通過文章中的文字信

息,上下邏輯關系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息,推斷出作者沒有

直接表達的態(tài)度和觀點。如本文第3題判斷本文的寫作目的,根據(jù)文中

對CharlesDickens及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的描寫,和文章最后

Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—and

importantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfa

lastingone.可知,本文是寫于CharlesDickens誕辰200周年前夕,由

此推斷作者寫本文是為了紀念這位偉大的作家。

【語用提能】

話題mournv.悼念,touchstonen.試金石,

詞匯distinguishedadj.著名的;卓越的

forthemostpart在極大程度上,

look...uponas...把看作

短語Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliterature

句式wouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingoffthe

MonaLisa,把他(狄更斯)從英國文學名人堂移除,就像盧浮宮

將《蒙娜麗莎》賣掉一樣。

熟詞

datevt.把時間定到...

新義

【微語法填空】

(2018?浙江高考閱讀理解A改編)

閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正

確形式。

CharlesDickensisoneofthemost1.influential(influence)writers

intheworld.

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novels

2.published(publish)inBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsfora

centurybutnobodywantedtodoit3.crofessionallv(D「ofessional).

Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;the

literacy(識字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffiction4.

appeared(appear)withoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwith

somethinglike“By

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