高中英語北師大版選擇性必修一UNIT 3 Period 4　Lesson 3　The Road to Destruction-Reading Comprehension

Period4Lesson3TheRoadtoDestruction—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配單詞(請把單詞和其對應的英語解釋連線)1．destructionA．buildingorrepairingworkontheroad2．decade

B．followingapattern，especiallywiththesametimeorspace3．regular

C．theactofdestroyingsthortheprocessofbeingdestroyed4．stuckD．toshowormakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorethings5．roadworksE．unabletomoveortobemoved6．relateF．a(chǎn)periodoftenyears答案1.C2.F3.B4.E5.A6.DⅡ.選詞填空eq\x(takeaction/steps，sitaround，aroundthecorner，berelatedto，makeexcuses)1．Thereisnosensejustsittingaroundwhenfacingdifficulty.2．Itisyouthataretoblameforyourfailure；don’tmakeexcusesanymore.3．WiththeCollegeEntranceExaminationaroundthecorner，studentsgotincreasinglystressedout.4．Itishightimethatweshouldtakeaction/stepstoprotecttheendangeredspeciesfromdyingout.5．Believeitornot，researchershaveshownthatbodymassindex(BMI)isrelatedtowagesandincome.Ⅰ.Fast-readingformainideas1．Readthepassagequicklyandfillintheblanks.2．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Thetrafficconditionissoterriblethatweshouldstopdrivingcars.B．Whatweshoulddotosolvethetrafficproblems.C．Serioustrafficproblemshaveanegativeimpactonourlife.D．Theinfluenceofthetrafficproblemsandthepossiblesolutionstothem.答案DⅡ.Careful-readingfordetailsActivity1細節(jié)把握1．What’sthepurposeoftheconversationinPart1?A．Toshowtherearealotofsuchconversations.B．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.C．Toshowthereareaccidentseveryday.D．Toshowittakesalongtimetogotowork.答案B2．HowmanycarswerethereinBritain20yearsago?A．12.6million. B．18.4million.C．24million. D．25.6million.答案D3．What’stheadvantageoftakingpublictransport?A．Savingyourtime.B．Helpingyoulivelonger.C．Keepingyoufit.D．Relaxingyourself.答案D4．Fromthelastparagraphwecaninfertheauthor.A．willfollowthesuggestionsB．thinksthesuggestionsareuselessC．ismakinganexcusefordrivingthecarD．hasnochoicebuttodrivethecar答案CActivity2深層理解1．Whereisprobablythepassagefrom?A．Adiary.B．Afashionmagazine.C．Apersonalblog.D．Agovernmentreport.答案C2．Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A．Narrative(記敘文)．B．Argumentativewriting(議論文)．C．Expositorywriting(說明文)．D．Newsreport(新聞報道)．答案C3．Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribetheauthor’swritingstyle?A．Serious. B．Humourous.C．Interesting. D．Unique.答案BActivity1課文語法填空Carshavemadepeople1.angry(anger)，stressedoutandcausedtherealcostssocially.TakeBritainforexample，inthelast20years，thenumberofcarsontheroads2.hasgone(go)upby25%.Overthelastdecade，3.anaverageof2,500peoplehavediedeveryyearinvehicleaccidents.Trafficisoneofthemajor4.causes(cause)ofglobalwarmingandclimatechange.Almost30,000deathsperyeararecausedbyairpollution.Sometypesofcancerarerelated5.totrafficpollution.Herearesomeadviceabouthowtogiveup6.driving(drive)．Firstly，useyourlegs.Regularexercisecancuttheriskofheartdisease7.by50%！Secondly，usepublictransport.Thirdly，thinkbeforeyougo.Before8.getting(get)intoyourcar，thinkabout9.whetheryoureallyneedtomakethatjourney.Besides，sharecars.Itismuchcheaperand10.kinder(kind)totheenvironment.Lastly，takeaction!Don’tjustsitaroundandcomplain!Activity2長難句理解1．Howoftendowearriveatworkorschool，stressedout，tiredandangry?[句式分析]此句是簡單句，形容詞短語stressedout，tiredandangry在句中作狀語。[自主翻譯]又有多少次，當我們抵達工作地點或?qū)W校時感到心力交瘁、心煩氣躁？2．Butpersonalangerandstressarenothingcomparedtotherealcostssocially.[句式分析]此句是簡單句，comparedto意為“與……相比”，可以看作過去分詞短語作狀語，也可以看作狀語從句的省略，即省略了主語和be動詞。[自主翻譯]但是和真正的社會損失相比，個人的憤怒和焦慮根本不值一提。3．Beforeyougetintoyourcar，thinkaboutwhetheryoureallyneedtomakethatjourney.[句式分析]此句是復合句，Before引導時間狀語從句，主句是祈使句，句中的whether引導賓語從句。[自主翻譯]在上車之前，想想你是否真的需要開車去那個地方。4．Weoftenthinkthereisnothingwecandoaboutthenoise，pollutionanddangeroftraffic.[句式分析]此句是復合句，主句的謂語動詞是think，其后是省略了that的賓語從句；賓語從句中的wecandoabout...是省略引導詞that的定語從句，其先行詞是不定代詞nothing。[自主翻譯]我們經(jīng)常覺得面對噪音、污染和交通危險，自己無能為力。Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATraditionalcar-centeredtransportplanninghasnotonlyincreasedgreenhousegasemissions，butalsoharmfullyimpactedairquality，roadinjuriesanddeaths，andtrafficjams.Astheworldfacestheclimatecrisis，aswellasgrowingrisksinroadsafety，ashifttosustainabletransportisneeded.Attainingandsustaininghighratesofwalkingandcycling—alsoknownasactivemobility—areamongthemostpowerfulchangescommunitiescanmake.Itdoesbringnumerouseconomic，environment，healthandsocialbenefitstothecommunity.First，highratesofactivemobilityleadtogreaterconnectivity，reducedtrafficandparkingjam，morereliabletraveltimesandincreasedpublictransitridership.CitiesinSoutheastAsialose2%to5%oftheirannualGDPtotrafficjam，withManilainthePhilippinessufferingtheworstlossat$67millionperday.Improvingwalkingandcyclingsystemscanhelptolessenthefinanciallossassociatedwithit.Second，activetravelcanhelpreduceemissionstoachieveglobaltargets.Citiescontribute70%oftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionsand21%ofthesecomefromurbantransportalone.Shiftingtowalkingandcyclingisthequickestandmostefficientwaytominimizethecarbonfootprintoftransport.Third，positiveeffectsonpublichealtharealsoabundantwithsafewalkingandcyclingsystems.Forexample，theWorldHealthOrganizationfoundthatenhancingsustainablemobilityinAccra，Ghana，couldsaveupto5,500deathsandanadditional33,000livesfromincreasedphysicalactivityovera35-yearperiod—andasavingof$15billioninhealthcarecosts.Finally，travelingbyfootorbikeevenimprovesjusticeandsocialunity.AfterIstanbul，Turkey，pedestrianized(步行化)itscity，asurveyshowedthat68%ofpedestriansinterviewedfeltmorecomfortableinthearea.Manylow-incomepopulationsalsolivewithlittletransportaccessorunsafeandinconvenientroutestotheirdestinations.Constructingsafeactivetravelnetworkscanimproveaccesstoopportunitiesandservicesforthesedisadvantagedgroups.Inconclusion，people’sphysical，mental，socialandeconomichealthbenefitfromtheabilitytowalkorbikeinsafeenvironments.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。傳統(tǒng)的以汽車為中心的交通嚴重影響著環(huán)境質(zhì)量，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐圆叫泻万T自行車為主的可持續(xù)性交通模式很有必要。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthecar-centeredtransport?A．Itisknownasactivemobility.B．Itcanhaveaharmfulimpactonairquality.C．Itcanbringnumeroussocialbenefitstothecommunity.D．Itisamongthemostpowerfulchangescommunitiescanmake.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句可知，以汽車為中心的交通方式對空氣質(zhì)量有壞的影響。故選B項。2．Whichisabenefitofactivemobility?A．Avoidingthehealthcarecosts.B．Solvingsometrafficproblems.C．Increasingthegreenhousegasemissions.D．Improvingaccessfortheadvantagedgroups.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句可知，高流動性的好處是能夠解決一些交通問題。故選B項。3．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tointroducethebenefitsofwalkingandcycling.B．Tourgepeopletowalkandcycleasmuchaspossible.C．Toshowwaysofdevelopingthehabitofwalkingandcycling.D．Toexplaintheconsequencesoftraditionalcar-centeredtransport.答案A解析寫作意圖題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹步行和騎車的好處。故選A項。BFromthelossofwildlifetorisingsealevels，we’reallwellawareoftheproblemsthatclimatechangecouldcause.Butwhileitmayseemlikesuchissueswon’taffectmostofusdirectly，itlookslikefuturegenerationscouldgrowupwithoutsomethingthatmanyofusnowtakeforgranted:chocolate.AccordingtoanessaypublishedbytheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration，changesoftheclimateintheareasthatproducecacao—theplantfromwhichchocolateisproduced—maymeanthatitwillsoonbecomeextinct.Mostoftheworld’scacaogrowsincountriesclosetotheequator(赤道)，withoverhalfofitgrowingintheAfricannationsofGhanaandIvoryCoast.It’spredictedthatby2050，climatechangewillhavespeduptherateatwhichtemperaturesinthesecountriesrise，makingitextremelydifficultforcacaotogrowthere.Theproblemdoesn’tlieinincreasingheat，butinlowerhumidity(濕度)，asit’sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.“Inotherwords，ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants，it’sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoistureloss，”wroteMichonScott，theessay’sauthor.Tohelpfightthisproblem，researchersfromBerkeleyUniversityintheUSareworkingonchangingtheDNAofcacaoplantstoallowthemtosurviveindryerconditionsbyusinggene(基因)editingtechnology，accordingtoUSNews.Inthemeantime，Mars，oneoftheworld’sbiggestcompaniesofchocolateproducts，announcedthatitwouldspend1billiondollarshelpingreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.“Thisisaworldissue，anditrequireseveryonetoworktogether，”MarsspokespersonBarryParkintoldBusinessInsider.Themessagehereisthatifwealldoourpart，wemaybeabletopreventsomeoftheworstinfluencesofclimatechange.Orifwe’reunlucky，chocolatewillbecomeathingofthepast.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了由于氣候變化，用于制造巧克力的可可樹未來可能會滅絕，研究人員正力圖解決這一問題。4．Whatwillmakeithardforcacaotosurvivearoundtheequatorinthefuture?A．Theincreasingheat.B．Thehigherhumidity.C．Themoisturelossinthesoil.D．Thedecreaseofrainfall.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theproblemdoesn’tlieinincreasingheat，butinlowerhumidity(濕度)”和第四段內(nèi)容可知，將來可可樹難以存活是因為土壤中水分的流失。故選C項。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Makeup. B．Addup.C．Dryup. D．Useup.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants，it’sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoistureloss”可知，高溫會加速水分蒸發(fā)，而降雨量不可能增長到足以抵消水分的流失，由此推知畫線詞的意思是“抵消；補上”。故選A項。6．WhatwillMarsdotohelpcacaosurvive?A．Itwillworkhardtoplantcacaoingreenhouses.B．Itwillusethegeneeditingtechnologytoplantcacao.C．Itwilldevelopcacaothatcansurviveindryerconditions.D．Itwillgivefinancialsupporttohelpfightclimatechange.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的最后一句可知，美國的瑪氏公司將提供經(jīng)濟支援，用來降低氣候變化帶來的影響。故選D項。7．Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?A．Somenewresearchandfindingsaboutgrowingcacao.B．Theinfluencethatcacaoplantshaveonclimatechange.C．Problemscacaoplantscouldfaceandthepossiblesolutions.D．Thesignificanceofworkingtogethertofightclimatechange.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第二段可知，本文主要講由于氣候變化，用于制造巧克力的可可樹未來可能會滅絕，人們正在努力避免這一趨勢。所以本文主要介紹了可可樹面臨的問題及可能的解決方案。故選C項。CBreathingdirtyaircancostsomeone’slifespan(壽命)months—evenyears，anewstudyfinds.Worldwide，airpollutionlowersaveragelifespansbyayear.ScientistssharedtheirnewfindingsinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters.Airpollutionhasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Mostearlierstudieshavelookedathowtinyairpollutantsaffectedratesofillnessordeath.Butnowanenvironmentalscientist，JoshuaApte，isgoingevenfurther.HeworksattheUniversityofTexas，Austin.Hetogetherwithhisteamislookingatlifeexpectancy，hopingtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.PM2.5iswhatscientistscalltinyparticlesofpollutionintheair.HigherlevelsofPM2.5cancausehealthproblemsandcutmonths，ifnotyears，fromtheaveragelifespan.Thisanalysisshowspollutionaffectslifeexpectancyindifferentpartsoftheworld.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10micrograms(微克)percubic(立方)meterofair.Apte’sgroupuseddatatotrytofindhowthislowlevelwouldhelppeople.ButmeetingtheWHOstandardwon’tgetridofhealthdamagefromdirtyair.That’sbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeterpollutionstillcauseshugerisks.Reducingairpollutioncouldincreaselifeexpectancy.Thescientistsalsocomparedhowotherthreatsshortenlifespansacrosstheglobe.Theseriskfactorsincludedsmokingandcancer.Theseresultsshowthatinpoorcountries，cleaningupdirtyaircouldgreatlyincreaselifespans.Itcouldhaveasbiganeffectascleaningupdrinkingwater，orcuringlungcancer.However，inwealthiercountriesairpollutionshortenslifeexpectancybylessthanhalfayear.Allformsofcancer，infact，shortentheaveragelifeexpectancybymorethan3.5years.“Knowingthiscanreallyhelppeople，orpolicymakers，decidewheretospendtheirmoney，”saysKirkSmith.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述了空氣污染會縮短人類壽命的科學研究。8．WhyisJoshuaApte’steamcarryingoutthestudy?A．Toknowhowsmallairpollutantsare.B．Tostudymanydifferenthealthyproblems.C．Toletpeopleunderstandairpollutionbetter.D．Tostudythelifeexpectancyofdifferentpeople.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butnowanenvironmentalscientist，JoshuaApte....hopingtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.”可知，約書亞·阿普特的團隊進行這項研究，是為了讓人們更好地了解空氣污染。故選C。9．WhatwillhappenifonecountrylimitsPM2.5to10microgramspercubemeter?A．Itsairisveryclean.B．Itstillhaspollutionrisks.C．ItwillgetaprizefromWHO.D．Itspeoplewillliveahealthylife.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“That’sbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeterpollutionstillcauseshugerisks.”可知，如果一個國家將PM2.5限制在每立方米10微克，它仍然有污染風險。故選B。10．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．It’sveryhardtocleanupdirtyairinashorttime.B．Lungcanceristheleadingkillerinallkindsofcancers.C．Reducingairpollutioncanincreaseallpeople’slifespansmuch.D．Thestudywillhelpdifferentcountriesorpeopletakedifferentpolicies.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Knowingthiscanreallyhelppeople，orpolicymakers，decidewheretospendtheirmoney”可推斷，這項研究將幫助不同的國家或人民采取不同的政策。故選D。11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AirPollutionIsShorteningLivesWorldwideB．ManyFactorsAreAffectingPeople’sHealthC．GovernmentsAreTryingtoMakeLifespanLongerD．TheEffectofCancerIsWorsethanDirtyAir答案A解析標題歸納題。通讀全文，特別是第一段中的“Breathingdirtyaircancostsomeone’slifespan(壽命)months—evenyears，anewstudyfinds.”可知，文章闡述了空氣污染會縮短人類壽命的科學研究。所以A項“空氣污染正在世界范圍內(nèi)縮短人類的壽命”作為文章標題最為合適。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五Trafficjamisaseriousproblemincitiesworldwide.Therearesimplytoomanyvehiclescompetingfortoolittlespace.ThecompanyTomTom，whichdoesresearchontrafficincitiesworldwide，estimatedthatin2015theaveragecommuter(上下班往返的人)wasted100hoursduringtheeveningrushhouralone.Inadditiontowastingpeople’stime，trafficjamshavemanyothernegativeeffects.1.Trafficjamshavenegativeeffectsondrivers，citiesandtheenvironment.Tobeginwith，theycausestresstodrivers，whichmayleadtohealthproblemsorroadrage.2.Trafficjamswastefuel，whichinturnproducesmorecarbondioxidethroughcarexhaustandcontributestothegreenhouseeffect.3，itisimportantforcitiesandgovernmentseverywheretotakestepstoreduceroadjams.Themostobvioussolutionsinvolveengineering.Thismeansbuildingmoreroadswithwiderlanessoth