外刊改編語法填空題Day+81-Day+82 高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

原創(chuàng)外刊改編語法填空題打卡Day81Oldtyrescanbecomeaclimate-friendlyfuelFrom:TheEconomistGettingridofoldtyreshaslongbeenaproblem.Everyyearmorethanabillionreachtheendoftheroad.Untilrecently,mostwerethrownintolandfillsorpiledupinstorageyards,whichoccasionally_____1_____(catch)fire.Tougherenvironmentallawsmeanmanycountriesnowinsisttyresarerecycled.Andtheyare,sortof.Someofthemethodsmightbebetterthandumpingthem,buttheyarenotespeciallygreen.Somefirms,therefore,havebegunexploring_____2_____alternative,pleasinglysymmetricalidea.Sincetyresaremostlymadefromhydrocarbons,itshouldbepossibleinprincipletoturnoldtyresintolow-carbonfuelwhichcanbeusedtorunthevehiclestheycamefrom.Theprocessworksbydeconstructingatyre_____3_____itsthreemaincomponents.Oneissteel,whichisusedtobracethestructureofatyreandwhichcanbereadilyrecycled.Thesecondiscarbonblack,apowdery,soot-likeformofcarbonusedtoimprovethedurabilityofthetyre.Thethirdisrubber.Someofthatwillbenaturalrubber_____4_____(obtain)fromthesapofrubbertrees.Somewillbethesyntheticsort,whichismadeinfactoriesfromcrudeoil.Inordertodothedeconstructing,thetyresarefirstshreddedandthesteelbracingremoved.The_____5_____(remain)materialthengoesthroughaprocesscalledpyrolysis.Thisinvolvesexposingamaterialtohightemperaturesinthe_____6_____(absent)ofair.Thatcausestherubbertodecomposeintoamixofhydrocarbongases,whicharedrawnoff.What_____7_____(leave)behindispurecarbonblack.Whilenotcompletelycarbon-neutral,dieselmadefromTDOdoesproducean80-90%reductioninemissionsofcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegas,comparedwiththeconventionalfuel.Thefuturemarketforcleanerfuelsislikelytoremainsubstantial,even_____8_____electricvehiclesaresteadilyreplacingthosewithcombustionengines.Fossil-fuelledvehicleswillremainontheroadfordecades_____9_____(come),particularlylargecommercialvehicleslikelorries,whicharehardertoelectrifyandwhicharebigburnersofdiesel.Thefuelwillalsobeneededbytrainsandships.So,anythingthathelpstocleanupoverallemissionsduring_____10_____willbealongtransitiontotheelectrificationoftransportisuseful—especiallyifitalsoshrinksamountainouswasteproblem.Oldtyrescanbecomeaclimate-friendlyfuelFrom:TheEconomistGettingridofoldtyreshaslongbeenaproblem.Everyyearmorethanabillionreachtheendoftheroad.Untilrecently,mostwerethrownintolandfillsorpiledupinstorageyards,whichoccasionallycaught(catch)fire.Tougherenvironmentallawsmeanmanycountriesnowinsisttyresarerecycled.Andtheyare,sortof.Someofthemethodsmightbebetterthandumpingthem,buttheyarenotespeciallygreen.Somefirms,therefore,havebegunexploringanalternative,pleasinglysymmetricalidea.Sincetyresaremostlymadefromhydrocarbons,itshouldbepossibleinprincipletoturnoldtyresintolow-carbonfuelwhichcanbeusedtorunthevehiclestheycamefrom.Theprocessworksbydeconstructingatyreintoitsthreemaincomponents.Oneissteel,whichisusedtobracethestructureofatyreandwhichcanbereadilyrecycled.Thesecondiscarbonblack,apowdery,soot-likeformofcarbonusedtoimprovethedurabilityofthetyre.Thethirdisrubber.Someofthatwillbenaturalrubberobtained(obtain)fromthesapofrubbertrees.Somewillbethesyntheticsort,whichismadeinfactoriesfromcrudeoil.Inordertodothedeconstructing,thetyresarefirstshreddedandthesteelbracingremoved.Theremaining(remain)materialthengoesthroughaprocesscalledpyrolysis.Thisinvolvesexposingamaterialtohightemperaturesintheabsence(absent)ofair.Thatcausestherubbertodecomposeintoamixofhydrocarbongases,whicharedrawnoff.Whatisleft(leave)behindispurecarbonblack.Whilenotcompletelycarbon-neutral,dieselmadefromTDOdoesproducean80-90%reductioninemissionsofcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegas,comparedwiththeconventionalfuel.Thefuturemarketforcleanerfuelsislikelytoremainsubstantial,evenif/thoughelectricvehiclesaresteadilyreplacingthosewithcombustionengines.Fossil-fuelledvehicleswillremainontheroadfordecadestocome(come),particularlylargecommercialvehicleslikelorries,whicharehardertoelectrifyandwhicharebigburnersofdiesel.Thefuelwillalsobeneededbytrainsandships.So,anythingthathelpstocleanupoverallemissionsduringwhatwillbealongtransitiontotheelectrificationoftransportisuseful—especiallyifitalsoshrinksamountainouswasteproblem.舊輪胎可以變?yōu)闅夂蛴押眯偷娜剂咸幚砼f輪胎一直都是個(gè)難題。每年都有超過10億條輪胎報(bào)廢。直到最近，大部分廢舊輪胎都被扔進(jìn)了垃圾填埋場，或是摞在堆場里，時(shí)不時(shí)會著火。在更嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境法規(guī)之下，許多國家現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)制要求廢舊輪胎回收。某種程度上它們的確是被回收了。所用的方法有些要好過直接丟棄，但也不是很環(huán)保。因此，有些公司已經(jīng)開始探索另一種令人愉悅的逆向閉環(huán)理念。既然輪胎主要由碳?xì)浠衔镏瞥桑碚撋蠎?yīng)該可以將舊輪胎轉(zhuǎn)化為低碳燃料，用于驅(qū)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生舊輪胎的車輛。這種工藝將輪胎拆解成三個(gè)主要部分。一是用來支撐輪胎結(jié)構(gòu)的鋼材，可以直接回收再用。二是炭黑，這是一種粉末狀、類似煤煙灰的碳，用來提升輪胎的耐久性。三是橡膠，其中一些是從橡膠樹的汁液中提取的天然橡膠，有些則是工廠用原油制成的合成橡膠。拆解時(shí)首先要將輪胎切碎，除去支撐鋼條。剩下的部分再經(jīng)過一個(gè)叫做熱解的過程，即在沒有空氣的情況下將材料暴露在高溫下。這會使橡膠分解成烴類氣體的混合物，抽出這些氣體之后，剩下的就是純炭黑。雖然不是完全碳中和，但與傳統(tǒng)燃料相比，由TDO制成的柴油確實(shí)能把二氧化碳這種主要溫室氣體的排放量減少80%到90%。盡管電動(dòng)汽車正在穩(wěn)步取代內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車，但未來清潔燃料的市場可能仍然很可觀。在未來幾十年里，化石燃料汽車仍會在路上行駛，尤其是像卡車這樣的大型商用車輛，它們更難電動(dòng)化，而且要燒大量柴油?；疖嚭洼喆残枰裼汀Ｒ虼?，任何能夠在實(shí)現(xiàn)交通電氣化的漫長征途中幫助減少總體碳排放的東西都是有用的，尤其是在當(dāng)它還能減少堆積成山的廢棄物時(shí)。生詞積累getridof擺脫，除去landfilln.廢物填埋，垃圾填埋pileup堆積；成堆dumpv.丟棄，扔掉；亂堆，亂放sortof有點(diǎn)兒，稍微inprinciple原則上，理論上symmetricaladj.對稱的，勻稱的bracev.（使）作好準(zhǔn)備；支撐，加固powderyadj.粉的；粉狀的；布滿粉狀物的sootn.煤煙，煙灰durabilityn.持久性，耐用性shredn.（撕或切的）細(xì)條，碎片；極少量drawoff抽離;撤走;取回原創(chuàng)外刊改編語法填空題打卡Day82AspartameIsPossiblyCarcinogenicFrom:TheNewYorkTimesOnThursday,twoWorldHealthOrganizationagencies

releasedtheirfindings

on

aspartame,theartificialsweetenerfoundinthousandsofsugar-freeproductslikedietsodas,chewinggums,yogurtsandenergydrinks.Accordingtothefindings,aspartame_____1_____(classify)aspossibly

carcinogenic

tohumansbytheorganization’sInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer.

Aseparategroup,theJointExpertCommitteeonFoodAdditives,saidthattherewasnot_____2_____(convince)evidenceofalinkbetweenaspartameandcancerinhumans_____3_____thatpeoplecouldstillsafelyconsumethesweetenerinmoderateamounts,_____4_____cantermporarilytakealoadoffourminds.Theannouncementdoesnotmeanthataspartame

definitively

causescancer,W.H.O.expertssaidinanewsconference;instead,itisacallforadditionalresearchintoitshealtheffects.TheW.H.O.isnotadvisingcompaniestowithdrawproductsthatcontainaspartameor____5______(urge)peopletostopconsumingitaltogether,saidDr.FrancescoBranca,directoroftheDepartmentofNutritionandFoodSafetyattheagency.“We’rejustadvisingfor_____6_____bitofmoderation,”hesaid.AccordingtotheW.H.O.,itissafetoconsumeupto40milligramsofaspartameperkilogramofbodyweightperday.Usingdietsodaasameasure,thelimitmeansthat,bysome_____7_____(estimate),a150-poundpersonwouldneedtodrinkmorethanadozencanseachday_____8_____(surpass)it.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationisslightlymore

permissive

withitsdailysafetylimit.Itstatesthatpeoplecanhaveupto50milligramsofaspartameperkilogramofbodyweighteachday._____9_____(give)thevast

quantities

ofsweetener_____10_____discussion,severalexpertssaidthatconsumersshouldnotnecessarilyworryaboutthecancerriskoftheiraspartameconsumption.Reachingthatupperdailylevelofaspartameintake“isn’tcasualconsumption,”saidDr.DaleShepard,amedical

oncologist

attheClevelandClinic.“Thisismakingaprojectoutoftryingtogetaspartame.”AspartameIsPossiblyCarcinogenicFrom:TheNewYorkTimesOnThursday,twoWorldHealthOrganizationagencies

releasedtheirfindings

on

aspartame,theartificialsweetenerfoundinthousandsofsugar-freeproductslikedietsodas,chewinggums,yogurtsandenergydrinks.Inthefindings,aspartamewasclassified(classify)aspossibly

carcinogenic

tohumansbytheorganization’sInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer.

Aseparategroup,theJointExpertCommitteeonFoodAdditives,saidthattherewasnotconvincing(convince)evidenceofalinkbetweenaspartameandcancerinhumansandthatpeoplecouldstillsafelyconsumethesweetenerinmoderateamounts,whichcantermporarilytakealoadoffourminds.Theannouncementdoesnotmeanthataspartame

definitively

causescancer,W.H.O.expertssaidinanewsconference;instead,itisacallforadditionalresearchintoitshealtheffects.TheW.H.O.isnotadvisingcompaniestowithdrawproductsthatcontainaspartameorurging(urge)peopletostopconsumingitaltogether,saidDr.FrancescoBranca,directoroftheDepartmentofNutritionandFoodSafetyattheagency.“We’rejustadvisingforabitofmoderation,”hesaid.AccordingtotheW.H.O.,itissafetoconsumeupto40milligramsofaspartameperkilogramofbodyweightperday.Usingdietsodaasameasure,thelimitmeansthat,bysomeestimates(estimate),a150-poundpersonwouldneedtodrinkmorethanadozencanseachdaytosurpass(surpass)it.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationisslightlymore

permissive

withitsdailysafetylimit.Itstatesthatpeoplecanhaveupto50milligramsofaspartameperkilogramofbodyweighteachday.Given(give)thevast

quantiti