2025版新教材高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)17選擇性必修第一冊(cè)UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT含解析新人教版

PAGE課時(shí)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)(十七)選擇性必修第一冊(cè)UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空AChinesescientistGuoHuadongpublishedanarticleonthewebsiteoftheacademicjournalNature,callingonscientiststobuildadigitalSilkRoadtomake1.________bestofbigdata.Guo,2.________isanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),saidinthearticlethat3.________(share)bigdatafromsatelliteimageryandotherearthobservationsintheregionscoveredbyChina'sBeltandRoadInitiativeiskeytosustainability(可持續(xù)發(fā)展).Guounderlinedthatthe4.________(environment)arediverseandfragilewithvariousnaturaldangersintheregions.Hebelievesacombinationof5.________(accuracy),reliableandtimelyscientificobservationsofecosystems6.________(be)vital.GuohasbeenchairmanoftheDigitalBeltandRoadProgrammewhich7.________(set)upin2016byChinesescientiststeamingup8.________expertsfrom19countriesand7internationalorganisations.“TheaimoftheDigitalBeltandRoadProgrammeis9.________(improve)environmentalmonitoring,promotedatasharingandsupportpolicymaking，”Guosaid.Inthearticle,Guoalso10.________(sincere)invitedmorenaturalandsocialscientiststojointhesharedeffort.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士郭華東在國(guó)際權(quán)威學(xué)術(shù)期刊《自然》上發(fā)表評(píng)論文章，呼吁各國(guó)充分利用“地球大數(shù)據(jù)”，攜手共建“數(shù)字絲綢之路”。1.the考查冠詞。makethebestof表示“充分利用”，是固定搭配，故填the。2.who考查定語(yǔ)從句?？仗幩钤~引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代人，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用who。3.sharing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在that引導(dǎo)的從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系及一般性動(dòng)作。4.environments考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。依據(jù)后面的are可知此處要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填environments。5.accurate考查形容詞?？仗幩钤~與reliable和timely并列，修飾scientificobservations，故用形容詞accurate(精確的，精確的)。6.is考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一樣。此處說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的客觀(guān)狀況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)為“acombinationof...”，謂語(yǔ)要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，故填is。7.wasset考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。由in2016可知，謂語(yǔ)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；which(指代先行詞theDigitalBeltandRoadProgramme)與setup之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以填wasset。8.with考查介詞。teamupwith意為“與……合作或一起工作”，故填with。9.toimprove考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。空處所填詞作表語(yǔ)，表示目的及主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用不定式toimprove。10.sincerely考查副詞。空處所填詞修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故要用副詞sincerely(真誠(chéng)地)。BQianZhongshuwas1.________Chinesescholarandwriter,2.________(know)forhiswitanderudition(博學(xué)).Despitefailinginmathematics,Qianwasaccepted3.________theDepartmentofForeignLanguagesandLiteraturesofTsinghuaUniversityin1929becauseofhisexcellent4.________(perform)inChineseandEnglishlanguages.InTsinghua,hemethiswifeYangJiang,whowas5.________(become)asuccessfulplaywrightandtranslator,and6.________(marry)herin1935.Inthesameyear,Qianreceivedgovernmentsponsorshiptofurtherhisstudiesabroad.Togetherwithhiswife,QianheadedfortheUniversityofOxfordinBritain.After7.________(spend)twoyearsatExeterCollege,hereceivedaBachelorofLiterature.HethenstudiedforonemoreyearintheUniversityofParisinFrancebeforereturningtoQianlivedinShanghaifrom1941to1945,whichwasthenunderJapanese8.________(occupy).Manyofhisworkswerewrittenorpublishedduringthisperiodoftime.Acollectionofshort9.________(essay),WrittenintheMarginsofLife,10.________(publish)in1941.HismostcelebratedworkFortressBesiegedappearedin1947.OntheArtofPoetry,writteninclassicalChinese,cameoutin1948.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了錢(qián)鐘書(shū)先生的生平和作品。1.a考查冠詞。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示泛指，指學(xué)者兼作家，且Chinese以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，故填a。2.known考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。beknownforsth.“以某事知名，以某物著名”，此處在句中作狀語(yǔ)，故填known。3.into考查介詞。短語(yǔ)acceptsb.intosth.為固定用法，意思是“接收某人進(jìn)入……”。4.performance考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由空前的“hisexcellent”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，故填performance。5.tobecome考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“她即將成為一位勝利的劇作家兼翻譯家”，結(jié)合空前的“was”可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式表示將來(lái)，故填tobecome。6.married考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一樣。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞“marry”與上文中的“met”之間是并列關(guān)系，且由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in1935”可知，應(yīng)填married。7.spending考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由空前的介詞“After”可知，空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。8.occupation考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。依據(jù)空前的介詞“under”和形容詞“Japanese”可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞occupation。短語(yǔ)underoccupation意思是“被占據(jù)”。9.essays考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。essay為可數(shù)名詞，其前沒(méi)有限定詞修飾，故填essays。10.waspublished考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示W(wǎng)rittenintheMarginsofLife于1941年出版，publish與其主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in1941”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Ⅱ.依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1.她堅(jiān)持要到機(jī)場(chǎng)為我們送行。①Sheinsisted_on_seeing_us_offattheairport.(insiston...)②Sheinsisted_that_she_(should)_see_us_offattheairport.(insistthat...)2.我的老師總是提示我，一旦設(shè)定了學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，在任何狀況下都不應(yīng)當(dāng)放棄。(circumstance)Myteacheralwaysremindsmethatunder_no_circumstances_should_I_abandonmylearninggoalsonceIsetthem.3.依據(jù)新的法律，人們酒后不準(zhǔn)開(kāi)車(chē)。(accordingto)According_to_the_new_laws,peoplemustn'tdriveafterdrinkingalcohol.4.他努力學(xué)習(xí)，結(jié)果在期末考試中取得了高分。(consequence)Heworkedhardathislessonsandas_a_consequence,gothighmarksinthefinalexamination.5.我從我自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中得出結(jié)論：患難見(jiàn)真情。(conclusion)Idrew/reached/came_to_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiencesthatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.B組·實(shí)力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解AStevenJobs,thedesignerofAppleComputer,wasnotcleverwhenhewasinschool.Atthattime,hewasnotagoodstudentandhealwaysmadetroubleswithhisschoolmates.Whenhewentintocollege,hedidn'tchangealot.Thenhedroppedout(退學(xué)).Buthewasfullofnewideas.Afterheleftcollege,StevenJobsworkedasavideogamedesigner.HeworkedthereforonlyseveralmonthsandthenhewenttoIndia.Hehopedthatthetripwouldgivehimsomenewideasandgivehimachangeinhislife.StevenJobslivedonafarminCaliforniaforayearafterhereturnedfromIndia.In1975,hebegantomakeanewtypeofcomputer.HedesignedtheAppleComputerwithhisfriendinhisgarage.Hechosethename“Apple”justbecauseitcouldhelphimtorememberahappysummerheoncespentinanappletreegarden.HisAppleComputerwassosuccessfulthatStevenJobssoonbecamefamousallovertheworld.Heoftensaid,“Iliveinordertochangetheworld;therearen'tanyotherreasons.Theonlywaytohaveagreatachievementistoloveyourowncareer.Ifyoucan'tfindyourfavouritecareer,goonlookingforitandnevergiveup.”ThisisStevenJobs.Thoughheisdead,hisspiritandachievementsstillinfluenceourlives.1.WhywasStevenJobsnotagoodstudentinschool?A.Heneverdidhislessons.B.Hedroppedout.C.Healwaysmadetroubleswithhisschoolmates.D.Hewasfullofnewideas.2.WhydidStevenJobsgotoIndia?A.Tobeavideogamedesigner.B.Togetsomenewideas.C.Tomakeanewtypeofcomputer.D.Tohaveahappysummer.3.WhatmadeStevenJobsfamousallovertheworld?A.Hisnewideas.B.HisAppleComputer.C.Hisvideogames.D.Hissaying.4.WhatdoweknowaboutStevenJobsfromthispassage?A.Hedidn'tfinishhisstudiesinthecollegebecausehehatedhisschoolmates.B.HelikedtravellinginIndiaandCalifornia.C.Helikedtryingnewthingsandmakinghisnewideascometrue.D.Hethoughthehadmanyreasonstoliveintheworld.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了史蒂夫·喬布斯的生平事跡。他在學(xué)校時(shí)不是一個(gè)好學(xué)生，總是和同學(xué)鬧沖突。當(dāng)他進(jìn)入高校后，并沒(méi)有變更許多，最終他輟學(xué)了，但他充溢了新的想法并使之實(shí)現(xiàn)。1975年他研制了一種新型電腦——蘋(píng)果電腦。他的蘋(píng)果電腦是如此勝利，以至于史蒂夫·喬布斯很快成為世界名人。1.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Atthattime,hewasnotagoodstudentandhealwaysmadetroubleswithhisschoolmates.”可知選C。2.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Hehopedthatthetripwouldgivehimsomenewideasandgivehimachangeinhislife.”可知，史蒂夫·喬布斯去印度是因?yàn)樗氆@得一些新的想法，所以選B。3.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段可知，史蒂夫·喬布斯的蘋(píng)果電腦使他著名于全世界，所以選B。4.C推理推斷題。依據(jù)短文大意可知喬布斯總是有新的想法，并能使之實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選C。BOurabilitytocollectdatagetsfaraheadofourabilitytofullyuseit,yetdatamayholdthekeytosolvingsomeofthebiggestglobalchallengesfacingustoday.Take,forinstance,thefrequentoutbreaksofwaterbornediseasesasaconsequenceofwarornaturaldisasters.Themostrecentexamplecanbefoundinacountry,whereroughly10,000newsuspectedcasesofcholera(霍亂)arereportedeachweek—andhistoryisfilledwithsimilarstories.Whatifwecouldbetterunderstandtheenvironmentalfactorsthatcontributedtothedisease,predictwhichcommunitiesareathigherrisk,andputinplaceprotectivemeasurestostopthespread?Answerstothisquestionandotherslikeitcouldpotentiallyhelpuspreventacatastrophe.Asabigdatascientist,Istudydatafromwide-ranging,publicsourcestoidentifypatterns,hopingtopredicttrendsthatcouldbeathreattoglobalsecurity.Variousdatastreamsareimportantbecausethegroundtruthdata(suchassurveys)isoftendelayed,limited,incorrector,sometimes,nonexistent.Forexample,knowingtheincidence(發(fā)生率)ofmosquito-bornediseaseincommunitieswouldhelpuspredicttheriskofmosquito-spreaddiseasesuchasdengue(登革熱),theleadingcauseofillnessanddeathinthetropics.However,mosquitodataataglobal(andevennational)levelisnotaccessible.Toaddressthisgap,we'reusingothersourcessuchassatellitepictures,climatedataandpopulationinformationtoforecasttheriskofdengue.Specifically,wehadsuccessinpredictingthespreadofdengueinBrazilattheregional,stateandcitylevelusingthesedatastreamsaswellasclinicalobservationdataandonlinesearchesthatusedtermsrelatedtothedisease.Whileourpredictionsaren'tperfect,theyshowpromise.Similarly,toforecastthefluseason,wehavefoundthatonlinesearchescancomplement(補(bǔ)充)clinicaldata.BecausetherateofpeoplesearchingtheInternetforflusymptomsoftenincreasesduringtheirbeginning,wecanpredictasharpincreaseincaseswhereclinicaldatadelays.Allofthisshowsthepotentialofbigdata.Theinformationisthere:nowit'stimetouseit.5.WhatdotheexamplesinParagraph2andParagraph4show?A.Bigdataisstillhardtogetanduse.B.Peoplearen'tskilledatdealingwithbigdata.C.Bigdataisnotalwaysanimaginedmethod.D.Catastrophesmightbepreventedwithbigdata.6.Accordingtothetext,surveydata________.A.isamainformofmultipledatastreamsB.isaneffectivewaytocollectinformationC.issometimesunreliableandunavailableD.isatimelyalternativetomultipledatastreams7.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisgap”inParagraph5referto?A.Thelackofbigdataonmosquitos.B.Thelackofdifferentdatastreams.C.Theriskofanoutbreakofadisease.D.Theignoranceofhowadiseasespreads.8.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.HowDoWeCollectandUseData?B.WhatAretheChallengesFacingUsNow?C.HowCanBigDataHelpSavetheWorld?D.WhatIstheAnswertoPreventingCatastrophes?【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。我們生活在大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代，我們所搜集到的信息可能正是我們現(xiàn)如今正在面臨的全球性挑戰(zhàn)的解決方法，有幫助我們阻擋災(zāi)難發(fā)生的可能性。5.D推理推斷題。其次段的事例旨在說(shuō)明假如有大數(shù)據(jù)，那么我們或許就可以預(yù)防重大災(zāi)難的發(fā)生；而第四段的事例表明大數(shù)據(jù)能夠幫助我們預(yù)料由蚊子傳播的疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這些均說(shuō)明我們可以利用大數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)料這些疾病的發(fā)生率從而防止其大規(guī)模擴(kuò)散，即阻擋這種災(zāi)難的發(fā)生。故選D。6.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Variousdatastreamsareimportantbecausethegroundtruthdata(suchassurveys)isoftendelayed,limited,incorrector,sometimes,nonexistent.”可知，調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)有時(shí)候是不行靠的或者難以獲得的。故選C。7.A詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分上文中的“However,mosquitodataataglobal(andevennational)levelisnotaccessible.”可知，目前還沒(méi)有全球(甚至全國(guó))規(guī)模的蚊子數(shù)據(jù)。再結(jié)合下文的內(nèi)容可知，thisgap指的就是有關(guān)蚊子的大數(shù)據(jù)的匱乏。故選A。8.C標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段是本文的中心段，接下來(lái)作者舉了一些例子來(lái)支撐自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，作者說(shuō)明白大數(shù)據(jù)的潛力，而且告知我們信息就在那里，是時(shí)候運(yùn)用它了。綜合上述信息可知，本文主要圍繞利用大數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)幫助應(yīng)對(duì)一些我們現(xiàn)如今正在面臨的全球性挑戰(zhàn)綻開(kāi)，故C項(xiàng)作本文標(biāo)題最佳。Ⅱ.完形填空Askpeopletonametheworld'stallestpeakandanybodywithsoundgeneralknowledgewillnameMountQomolangma.ButquizthemonitsexactIn1975,Chinesesurveyors2thatMountQomolangma(MountEverest)was8848.13metreshigh.As3improved,satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures.Ofcourse,someonestillhadtocarry5towhatistheworld'srooftop.In2005,aChineseteamscaledQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat,asthey6theheighttobe8844.43metres.ScalingQomolangmaisno7task.Theaverageairtemperaturethereis－29degreesCelsius,evenfourdegrees8thaninAntarctica.Thesnowthereis4—5metresthickandhurricane-like9blowallthetime.Teammembersweretrainingto10theextremeconditions.Inanutshell,measuringtheQomolangma'sheightisatallorder,11hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources.Butitisworththe12.Qomolangmaistheperfect13forobservingcrustal(地殼的)movements.Andchangestothepeak'sheightcould14whetherthetwoplatesareheadingtowardorawayfromeachother.Besides,theconditionofsnowandothernaturalmaterialsatthetopisanindicatorofupcomingclimatechangeontheTibet-QinghaiPlateau.That's15measuringtheQomolangma'sheightissosignificant.Puttogooduse,anditcanbenefitmankind.1.A.location B.appearanceC.area D.height2.A.determined B.assumedC.estimated D.admitted3.A.condition B.technologyC.society D.economy4.A.employed B.expectedC.approached D.inspired5.A.weapons B.vehiclesC.instruments D.packages6.A.changed B.calculatedC.extended D.expanded7.A.glorious B.easyC.admirable D.tough8.A.colder B.hotterC.higher D.lower9.A.snows B.rainsC.winds D.snowflakes10.A.copewith B.fightforC.takeon D.carryout11.A.wasting B.spendingC.overcoming D.involving12.A.effort B