propaganda e mind control - 3宣傳精神控制

Propaganda

eMindControlMedia&Texts:SocietyWeek8LectureOutline

Keywords GuidelineQuestion Definitions&Complications ExamplesThroughTime TheFutureDKeywords

Black propaganda Grey propaganda White propaganda War propaganda Political propaganda Corporatepropaganda Embeddedreporters/WarcorrespondentsGuidelineQuestionMain:

Ispropagandaevil,inevitable,usefuloressential?Additional:Howdoesthischangeassocial,cultural&politicalenvironmentsshift?

DComplicationswithDefinitionsThereisnoperfectdefinitionofpropagandaWhy? 1)Socialscienceshaveemoresophisticated&diverseovertime. 2a)Thismeansthattheirdefinitionsoriginatefromdifferentparadigms,withdifferentterminology,values&‘truths’. 2b)Propagandahasemoresophisticated&diverseovertime.Duepartlytoimprovementsinsocialsciences

FurtherComplications 3)Propagandaisaproductofitstime.Thesocial,cultural&politicalenvironmentsinwhichitismadeshapeitsdevelopment. 4)Propagandaisaproductofitstime.Economic&technologicalconstraintsshapeitsdevelopment.

So,whendiditbegin?Possiblyassoonasartbegan:e.g.caveart.Certainlyovertwothousandyearsago:“Theskilfulleadersubduestheenemy’stroopswithoutanyfighting;hecapturestheircitieswithoutlayingsiegetothem;heoverthrowstheirkingdomwithoutlengthyoperationsinthefield”.

“Oneneednotdestroyone’senemy.Oneneedonlydestroyhiswillingnesstoengage.”

Sun-Tzu(孫子),circa500BC.Whataboutadefinition?“Usuallydeliberatemanipulationbymeansofsymbols(words,gestures,images,flags,monuments,music,etc.)ofthoughts,behaviour,attitudesandbeliefs.”WatsonandHill,2012.

DictionaryofMediaandCommunicationStudies

Therefore…MindControl

FurtherDefinition

“Theeducatortriestotellpeoplehowtothink;thepropagandist,whattothink.Theeducatorstrivestodevelopindividualresponsibility;thepropagandist,masseffects.Theeducator…anopenmind;thepropagandist…aclosedmind.”Martin,1929.

FurtherDefinition“Onecannotreachthroughpropagandathosewhodonotneedwhatitoffers”Ellul,1963.

Openandclosedmindsarenotfixedthings,theycanbechanged. Beliefsandattitudescanbechanged. Themorethatpropagandaspeakstoyou,themoreitmovesyou.Itspeakstoyourpsychologicalmakeup. Therefore…eMindControl

ExamplesThroughTime

WW1,1915,usedinUK.However,thisflagwasalwayspropaganda!1606,St.George’sCross&St.Andrew’sCross.1801,St.Patrick’sCross.WhatOrder&Absence?WW1

Newspapers,radio&earlycinemaexisted.Butposters&newspaperswerethemosteffectivepropagandaitems. Britain&GermanyneededUShelp. BritaincuttheunderseacablelinkingGermanytotheUSAwhenwarbegan–thereforeitcontrolledthelinesofcommunication(content&timingofinfo)betweenEurope&USA. GermanyusedGerman-Americansocietiestospreadinfo–sourceknown(whitepropaganda),foreignaccents.FocussedonGermanintegrity&honour. BritainusedAmericaneditors&spokespeople-oftenwithoutidentifyingthesource(greypropaganda),localaccents.Focussedon‘poorlittleBelgium’.

1917TheHun AbloodthirstyGermananimal,thatwilldestroyyourworld.Canyouseethewoman?1918

TheHunnowhasamoustache–old,colonial.Fire,greensky.Unnatural&Hellish.Canyouseethewoman? Werethosedepictionsaccurate?

No,buttheywereeffective. Theyalsosetthetoneforfuturepropagandacampaigns.

Howcanpropagandabeeffective?

Let’sUseHitlertoExplainBritishWW1&GermanWW2Propaganda InMeinKamphhedevoted2chapterstopropaganda.Principles:1)Avoidtheabstract&appealtoemotions.2)Constantrepetitionofkeypoints.3)Onesideoftheargumentonly.4)Criticiseenemiesofthestate. 5)Identify1specialenemytohate. PostWW1&WW2 Radio&Cinemanowmoredeveloped. In1928Sovkino(ГоскиноСССР)-SovietStateProduction

Company-madeover100

propagandafilms. Nazifilms:1935TriumphoftheWill-Focussedonpride.1940TheEternalJew

-Anti-semitic(genocidestart).

D1937posterof

TheEternalJew.Shownwearingakaftan(Eastern),

holdinggoldcoins,awhip&

amapofGermany(withimprintofhammerandsickleofUSSR). USA BloodthirstyHun&Jap AttackingStatueofLiberty(French)DefendUSAbyworkinghardThisisyourwar(reality)

USA Byhighlightingcriticismasenemypropagandaitwaspossibletoincreasesupportforthewar-patriotism USA Aseriesoffriendsindicatedwidesupportforthewar&encouragedparticipation Fightingforfreedomisveryconvincing Womenwereusedinpropagandacampaigns Thewarcouldbefoughtathome Womenwerestillstereotyped Whydoespropagandausestereotypes? Becausetheywork,asPsychologycanexplain.-Reframing–usingnicewordstopresentsomething.E.g.14Feb2002PresidentBush,ClearSkiesInitiative.LikeNewspeakin“1984”G.Orwell.

-RepeatedAffirmations–asHitlersaid.-Vicarious/ImitativeLearning–monkeysee,monkeydo.-Distraction&Denial–Thisisthe‘truth’-Classical&OperantConditioning–Stimulus&response,orlaterreinforcement/punishment.ChineseCulturalRevolutiontoToday-1966Maowantedtoreturntosocialistprinciples&removecorruption.-Withinacoupleofyearsperhaps20millionRedGuardsemergedfromtheyouth.-Opposedthe4olds(customs,culture,habits&ideas). -Widespreaduseofdàzìbào(大字報(bào))–bigcharacterslogansaswellasofficialmassproducedpropaganda.1967 CharimanMaoistheReddestSuninOurHeartsPositiveimage ManyWomenfeatured

Negativeimage. Evenafter1976ittookDengXiaopingsometimetoassumecontrolofChina 1967ThoroughlySmashtheLiu-DengAnti-revolutionaryLinePositiveimage. Happymen&womenfromacrossChinaunited.ImageneededforChina&forabroad–spreadofChineseSocialism.1975LongLivetheUnitedNationalitiesofChinaPositiveimage. Positivefemalerepresentation.Pinyinusedtoassistchildreninunderstanding1980LoveScience,StudyScience,UseScienceApparentlypositiveimage. However,itwasfaked.ThechildrenwerenotfromalloverChina,theyjustworecostumes2008Chinesechildrenfromethnicminoritiescarrytheflag“Propagandaisasoftweapon;holditinyourhandstoolong,anditwillmoveaboutlikeasnake,andstriketheotherway”.JeanAnouilh,1955.

Anti-governmentPropagandaVietnamWar IraqWar

TheFuture

Technology&mediaaredeveloping Moresources Moremessages Moresenders Moreparticipation Moreconfusion

“Thehaplessvictimsofinformationoverloadseekoutpropagandaasameansoforderingthechaos...Propagandagivesthemexplanationsforallthenews,sothatitisclassifiedintoeasilyidentifiablecategoriesofgoodandbad,rightandwrong,worth-worrying-aboutandnot-worth-worrying-about,etc.Thepropagandeesallowthemselvestobepropagandized,tohavetheircognitivehorizonsnarrowed.”Black,2008. Sowhatcanyoudo?

Beaware Bediscerning Findothersourcesofinformation Thinkbeforeyoubelieve ThinkbeforeyouactCarlHausman10warningsignsofPropagandaBook“LiesweLiveby”,2000.1.Thepersonpresentingthemessageisstackingcards.Thereisonlyevidenceforoneposition.2.Themessagecontainsvague,butappealing,terms,suchas“red-bloodedAmericans”or“progressivefreethinkers.”3.Useofvague,butrepellent,terms,like“card-carryingmemberoftheACLU.”4.Referencestovagueauthority.“Professorsatleadinguniversitiessay…”Whoarethey?Whatuniversities?

Ortestimonialswhentheconnectionbetweentheperson(usuallyfamous)andthemessagearetenuous.5.Themessagetriestoconvinceyoutodosomethingbecausee