鐵道概論 課件6- 車站；7-運輸

Station授課內(nèi)容（英文）：第四章鐵路車站

——車站是鐵路運輸生產(chǎn)的基地。是設(shè)有配線的分界點。鐵路運輸生產(chǎn)，除列車在區(qū)間運行一項外，其余均在車站進(jìn)行。Chapter4Railway

StationThestationisthebaseofrailwaytransportation,anditisthedemarcationpointofthedistributionline.Railwaytransportproduction,inadditiontothetrainrunningintheinterval,andtherestarecarriedoutinthestation.

第一節(jié)

車站的基礎(chǔ)知識

一、車站與區(qū)間1、車站——鐵路辦理客運、貨運業(yè)務(wù)及運輸組織作業(yè)的主要場所。設(shè)有車站線路、客貨運設(shè)備等。2、區(qū)間——相鄰兩個車站間的一段鐵路線路，一條鐵路線路被車站劃分為若干個區(qū)間4.1BasicknowledgeofstationIStationandintervalStation--themainplaceforthepassengertransportation,freighttransportationandtransportationorganizationwork.Withastationline,passengerandfreightequipmentetc.2IntervalInterval??theintervalbetweenthetwoadjacentstationsofarailwayline,arailwaylineisdividedintoseveralsectionsofthestation.StationtrackMainlineSchematicdiagramoftheintermediatestationlayout3、車站與區(qū)間的劃分①劃分的意義：分清工作責(zé)任，保證行車安全。②車站與區(qū)間的分界線單線鐵路：以進(jìn)站信號機(jī)柱的中心線為界；雙線鐵路：兩端分別以各正線的進(jìn)站信號機(jī)柱和站界標(biāo)柱的中心線為界。3DivisionofstationandintervalSignificanceofdivision:Workresponsibility,ensuretrafficsafety.Thedividinglineisbetweenstationandinterval.Singlelinerailway:thecentrallineofthestationsignal;Doubletrackrailway:bothendsoneachlinestopsignalcolumnandcolumnstationlandmarkcenterlinetotheworld.

二、車站的作用、分類1、鐵路運輸生產(chǎn)過程：出發(fā)→途中運行→到達(dá)2、車站的業(yè)務(wù)①貨運業(yè)務(wù)：車站對貨運人辦理的貨物運輸?shù)氖芾?、承運、裝車、卸車、保管、交付等各項作業(yè)的總稱。②客運業(yè)務(wù)：車站對旅客辦理的旅客運輸?shù)氖燮?、候車、進(jìn)站檢票、上車、下車、出站驗票、簽證、退票等各項作業(yè)的總稱。IIThefunctionandclassificationofthestation1Railwaytransportproductionprocess:departure→

runontheway→arrival.2Stationbusiness1)Freighttransportationbusiness:Generalacceptance,shipping,loadingandunloading,storage,deliveryandotheroperationsofthefreightstationforthetransportofgoods.

2)Passengertransportbusiness:Thestationforpassengersforpassengertransportticket,stop,waitingforthetrainandgetoff,ticketinspection,visa,refundandotheractivities.

③運轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)務(wù)：分行車和調(diào)車兩部分。調(diào)車：解體、編組、摘車、掛車、取車、送車、等各項作業(yè)的總稱。3、車站的作用①對外，是鐵路的窗口，與旅客、貨主辦理各項客貨運輸業(yè)務(wù)。②對內(nèi)，是鐵路運輸生產(chǎn)基地。辦理除列車在區(qū)間運行以外的各項運轉(zhuǎn)作業(yè)。3)Runningbusiness:Sub-trafficandshuntingThegeneraltermofshunting:Disintegration,grouping,pick,trailer,takethecar,sendthecarandotheroperations.3StationfunctionExternalfunction:thewindowtotheoutside,todealwithtransportationofpassengersandcargotransportbusiness.Internalfunction:istheproductionbaseofrailwaytransport.Todealwithotheroperationsexcepttherunningofthetrainintheinterval.

4、車站的分類①按業(yè)務(wù)性質(zhì)分類（對外）客運站——設(shè)于鐵路樞紐內(nèi)，專門辦理客運業(yè)務(wù)的車站；貨運站——設(shè)于鐵路樞紐內(nèi)，專門辦理貨運業(yè)務(wù)的車站，包括工業(yè)站、港口站、危險貨物車站等專業(yè)性車站；客貨運站——既辦理客運業(yè)務(wù)，又辦理貨運業(yè)務(wù)的綜合性車站。4Classificationofstations1)Accordingtothebusinessnatureoftheclassification(external)Passengerstation-locatedintherailwayhub,thestationdedicatedtothepassengertransportbusiness;Freightstation-locatedintherailwayhub,dedicatedtohandlingfreightstations,includingindustrialstations,portstations,dangerousgoodsstationsandotherprofessionalstations;Passengerandfreightstation---Notonlyforthepassengerbusiness,butalsoforthecomprehensivefreightbusinessstation.

②按作業(yè)性質(zhì)分類（對內(nèi)）中間站——設(shè)于區(qū)段內(nèi)，主要辦理列車的會讓、越行、通過作業(yè)的車站；區(qū)段站——設(shè)于區(qū)段的分界點，主要辦理列車的無調(diào)中轉(zhuǎn)作業(yè)；（技術(shù)站）編組站——設(shè)于區(qū)段分界點或樞紐內(nèi)，大量辦理列車的中轉(zhuǎn)作業(yè)（包括有調(diào)和無調(diào)）。③按車站擔(dān)負(fù)的任務(wù)量、在鐵路網(wǎng)中的地位分：特、一、二、三、四、五等站。2）Classificationaccordingtothenatureofoperations(internal):Intermediatestation-locatedinthesection,mainlydealingwiththepassingevents,trainovertaking,andtrainpassing;Sectionstation-thedemarcationpointofthesection,themainprocessingofthetransferofthetrainoperation;(TechnicalStation)Themarshalingstation,whichislocatedinthedemarcationpointorthejunctionofthesector,dealingwithalargenumberoftransferoperationsforthetrain(includingtheadjustmentandadjustment).3）Accordingtotheamountoftasksandthestatusoftherailwaynetwork,stationscanbedividedintoprincipalstation,thefirstclassstation,thesecondclassstation,thethirdstation,thefourthstation,andthefifthstation.

鐵路區(qū)段：相鄰兩個技術(shù)站之間的鐵路線路。鐵路樞紐：大城市或大工業(yè)區(qū)附近，幾條鐵路線路交匯處，有多個專業(yè)性車站及其連接的聯(lián)絡(luò)線、線路所、專用線等技術(shù)設(shè)備組成的辦理各項鐵路運輸業(yè)務(wù)的中心。Railwaysection:Arailwaylinebetweentwoadjacentstations.Railwayjunction:Nearthebigcityorlargeindustrialzones,severalrailwaylinesinterchange,thereareanumberofprofessionalstationsandtherailwaytransportservicecenterwhichiscomposedofthecontactline,connectinglines,speciallinesandothertechnicalequipment.三、車站股道、道岔編號及股道有效長1、主要股道（即車站線路種類）正線（不屬于站線）——直接連通區(qū)間線路，與區(qū)間線路統(tǒng)稱為正線。區(qū)間部分稱為區(qū)間正線，站內(nèi)部分稱為站內(nèi)正線。到發(fā)線——專門辦理列車到、發(fā)作業(yè)的線路；調(diào)車線——供車列解體、編組并存放車輛的線路；牽出線——供列車解體、編組及轉(zhuǎn)線等牽出使用的線路；貨物線——專門辦理貨物裝、卸車作業(yè)的線路；大站設(shè)于貨場內(nèi)。IIIStationtrack,turnoutnumber,andtheeffectivelengthofstationtrack1Themaintrack(i.e.stationlinetype)Themainline(donotbelongtothestation)-Directlyconnectsintervallines,Togetherwiththeintervallinereferredtoasthemainline.Intervalpartiscalledtheintervalline;theintra-stationpartiscalledintra-stationline.Arrivalanddeparturelines:lineisspecificallyusedfortrainarrivalanddeparture;Shuntingline:linefortraindisintegration,marshalingandvehiclestorage;Draw-outtrack:linefortraindisintegration,groupingandshunting;Cargoline:lineforcargoloadingandunloadingoperations;largestationislocatedintheyard.

機(jī)車走行線、檢修線、禁溜線等。以上屬站線范圍段管線——各段專用并由其管理的線路。岔線——在區(qū)間或站內(nèi)接軌，通向路內(nèi)外單位的專用線路。特殊用途線——為保證行車安全而設(shè)置的安全線和避難線。Therearelocomotiverunningline,maintenanceline,forbiddensliplines.Theabovebelongtotherangeofstationline.Sectionline:eachsectionisinchargeofthededicatedline.Forkline:alineisintheintervalorinthestation,leadingtotheroadinsideandoutsidetheunitdedicatedline.Specialpurposelines:safetylinesandevacuationlinesforsafedriving.

2、股道編號：正線用羅馬數(shù)字，站線用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。（1）單線鐵路車站股道編號：有靠近站舍的股道開始順序編號。（2）雙線鐵路車站股道編號：分別從兩條正線依次向外編號，下行正線一側(cè)用單數(shù)，上行正線一側(cè)用雙數(shù)。Tracknumber:TheRomannumeralsareforthemainlineandtheArabicnumeralsareforthestationline.1)Singlerailwaystationtracknumber:tracknearthetrainstation

startssequencenumber.(2)Doublelinerailwaystationtracknumber:setcoderespectivelyfromtwomainlines,downsideusessingular,upwardlineusesdoubleside.ThroughpassengerstationStubendpassengerstationSchematicdiagramofpassengerstation1Stationbuilding2Overlinebridge3Platform4Machineline5leavingpassengertrainserviceyard

3、道岔編號：用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字編號。原則：由外而內(nèi)，先主后次，依次編號，下行列車到達(dá)一端用單數(shù)，上行列車到達(dá)一端用雙數(shù)。注意：（1）股道和道岔編號的作用是方便股道、道岔的使用和管理；（2）一個車站的每股道、每個道岔的編號必須是獨立的，即不得有相同的編號。3Turnoutnumber:Arabiadigitalcode.Principle:fromoutsidetoinside,thefirstisafterthesecond,followedbynumbers;downtrainusesanoddnumberwhenitreachesoneend,uptrainusesanevennumberwhenitreachesoneend.Notice:1)Theroleoftrackandswitchnumberisforconvenientuseandmanagementoftrackandturnout;(2)Thenumberoftracksandpointsforeachstationmustbeindependent,thatis,thereshallnotbethesamenumber.

ThroatfigureofKstationswitchyardFreightyard

4、股道全長及有效長（1）股道全長——線路一端的道岔基本軌接頭到另一端的道岔基本軌接頭的長度。如為盡頭式線路，則為道岔基本軌接頭至車擋的長度。站內(nèi)正線不另計全長。確定線路全長，主要是為了設(shè)計時便于估計造價，比較設(shè)計方案。

（2）股道有效長——線路全長范圍內(nèi)可以停留機(jī)車車輛，而不妨礙鄰線正常行車部分的長度。4Tracklengthandeffectivelength①Tracklength:thelengthwhichisfromturnoutbasicrailjointofthelineendtothatoftheotherendoftheline.Instub-endlineit’sthelengthfromthebasicrailjointtothevehiclegear.Thefulllengthofthelinedoesn’tcountmainline.Confirmingthelinelengthismainlytofacilitatethedesignoftheestimatedcost,comparethedesigns.②

Effectivelengthoftrack:Locomotivevehiclescanstayinthelengthofthewholelinewithouthinderingtothenormalpartofthelengthoftheadjacentline.

股道有效長的確定因素：①警沖標(biāo)；②出站信號機(jī)或調(diào)車信號機(jī)；③道岔的尖軌尖端（無軌道電路時）或道岔基本軌接頭處的鋼軌絕緣（有軌道電路時；）④車擋（盡頭線路時）；設(shè)計線路有效長，主要根據(jù)線路作業(yè)量、用途及其連接形式而定。Factorsdeterminetheeffectivelengthoftrack:1)Warningmark;2)Theoutboundsignalortheshuntingsignal;3)Thetipoftherailturnout(notrackcircuit)orrailjointinsulationofbasicrailjoint(trackcircuit;)4)Thecarbumper(endline);5)Thedesignedcircuitiseffective,whichismainlybasedonthelineoperationanditsconnectionform.

Confirmationofeffectiveline

length

我國貨物列車到發(fā)線有1050、850、750、650、550m等幾種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有效長。開行重載列車為主的鐵路可采用大于1050m的到發(fā)線有效長度。一個車站的每一條到發(fā)線的有效長必須大于或等于規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有效長。China'sfreighttrain'sarrivalanddepartureline

includes1050,850,750,650,550mandotherstandardeffectivelength.Railwaylinewithheavyhaultrainsmainlyusesarrivalanddeparturelinewhichismorethan1050m.Theeffectivelengthofeachstation'sarrivalanddeparturelinemustbegreaterthanorequaltothespecifiedstandardeffectivelength.

第二節(jié)中間站一、中間站的作用保證行車安全，提高鐵路區(qū)段通過能力，為沿線城鄉(xiāng)的客、貨運服務(wù)。一個區(qū)間一般情況下，只允許運行一個列車。設(shè)置中間站即可縮短區(qū)間長度，增加區(qū)間數(shù)量，即增加了運行的列車數(shù)量。

二、中間站的主要任務(wù)調(diào)整列車運行，辦理列車的通過、會讓、越行和客貨運業(yè)務(wù)。ITheroleofintermediatestationsItistoensuretrafficsafety,improvethecapacityoftherailwaysection,alongtheurbanandruralpassengerandfreightservices.Asectionundernormalcircumstances,onlyallowtheoperationofatrain.Settheintermediatestationtoshortentheintervallength,increasethenumberofintervals,whichincreasedthenumberoftrainsrunning.IIMaintaskoftheintermediatestationAdjustthetrainrunning,dealwithtraintransmitting,overtaking,yielding,andpassengerandfreightbusiness.4.2Intermediatestations

三、中間站的作業(yè)1、運轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)務(wù)：接發(fā)列車及放行通過列車作業(yè)（主要作業(yè)），車輛的摘掛作業(yè)和貨場、專用線取送車作業(yè)。2、客運業(yè)務(wù)：旅客乘降和行包的承運、保管、交付；3、貨運業(yè)務(wù)：貨物的承運、裝卸、保管與交付。IIITheintermediatestationoperation

1Transmittingbusiness:receivingtrainsandreleasingthroughtrains(mainoperations),pickupoperationofvehicleanddeliveryvehicleoperationoffreightyardandspecial-purposeline

2Passengertransportbusiness:passengersboardingalightingandcarriage,insurance,deliveryofpackage

3Freightbusiness:thecarriage,handling,storageanddeliveryofgoods.

四、中間站的設(shè)備1、運轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備：列車到發(fā)線、貨物裝卸線、牽出線和調(diào)車線等；2、客運設(shè)備：為旅客服務(wù)的站房、站臺、站臺間的跨越設(shè)備（一般為平過道）和雨棚等；3、貨運設(shè)備：為貨運服務(wù)的貨物站臺、倉庫、雨棚、堆放場、裝卸機(jī)械及辦公房屋等；4、信號及通信設(shè)備等。IVIntermediatestationequipment

1Transmittingequipment:arrivalanddeparturelines,cargoloadingandunloadinglines,pull-outlinesandshuntinglines;

2Passengerequipment:thestation,platform,platformacrossequipment(usuallyflataisle)andcanopyforpassengerservices;

3Freightequipment:cargoplatforms,warehouses,canopy,stackingyards,loadingandunloadingmachineryandofficehousesforfreightservices;

4Signalandcommunicationequipment.

五、會讓站和越行站設(shè)于偏僻地區(qū)，專門用來提高線路通過能力而設(shè)置的車站。1、會讓站：設(shè)于單線鐵路上，主要辦理列車的到發(fā)和會讓及越行，也可辦理少量的客貨運業(yè)務(wù)。2、越行站：設(shè)于雙線鐵路上，主要辦理同方向列車的越行業(yè)務(wù)。VYieldingstationandovertakingstation

Locatedinremoteareas,theyaredesignedtoimprovethelinethroughcapacity.

1Yieldingstation:locatedinsingle-trackrailway,themainprocessingcontentistodealwiththearrival,departure,yieldingandovertakingofthetrain,anddealwithsmallamountofpassengerandfreightbusinessaswell.

2Overtakingstation:locatedinthetwo-lanerailway,itmainlydealswithovertakingbusinessofthetraininthesamedirection.

第三節(jié)區(qū)段站——鐵路網(wǎng)上牽引區(qū)段的分界點。主要任務(wù)：為鄰接的鐵路區(qū)段供應(yīng)機(jī)車及更換乘務(wù)組；為無改編中轉(zhuǎn)貨物列車辦理規(guī)定的技術(shù)作業(yè)；辦理一定數(shù)量的貨物列車解、編作業(yè)及客貨運業(yè)務(wù)。4.3SectionstationThecut-offpointofrailwaytraction.Mainmissions:

Supplylocomotivesandreplacementofcrewsforadjacentsections

Providetechnicaloperationsfortheunregulatedtransittrainaccordingtotheprovisions;

Handleacertainnumberofgoodstrainsolution,compilationandpassengerandcargobusiness.

鐵路主要貨物列車種類：始發(fā)直達(dá)列車技術(shù)直達(dá)列車直通列車區(qū)段列車沿零摘掛列車小運轉(zhuǎn)列車Maintypesofrailwayfreighttrain:ThroughtrainoriginatedfromoneloadingpointTechnologydirecttrainThroughtrainSectiontrainDistrictlocaltrainSmalloperatingtrain

一、區(qū)段站的作業(yè)1、客運業(yè)務(wù)：項目與中間站基本相同，作業(yè)量較大。2、貨運業(yè)務(wù)：項目與中間站基本相同，作業(yè)量較大。3、運轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)務(wù)（1）客運列車運轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)務(wù)：旅客列車的接發(fā)及管內(nèi)和市郊旅客列車的始發(fā)、終到作業(yè)。（2）貨運列車運轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)務(wù)：大量的無調(diào)中轉(zhuǎn)列車作業(yè)（主要是接發(fā)列車作業(yè)）；列車的解體、編組作業(yè)；向貨場、專用線、專用鐵道取送車作業(yè)。ISectionstationoperations

1Passengerbusiness:theprojectisbasicallythesamewiththeintermediatestationwithalargeramountofwork.

2Freightbusiness:theprojectisbasicallythesamewiththeintermediatestationwithalargeramountofwork.

3Transmittingbusiness

(1)Passengertrainoperations:Passengertrainreceiving,andthedepartureandarrivalofpassengertrainsinandoutofthecity.(2)Freighttrainoperation:alargenumberofunregulatedtransittrainoperations(mainlyarrivalanddepartureoftrainsoperations);traindisintegration,marshalingoperations;deliveryvehicleoperationsofthefreightyard,speciallines,specialrailway

4、機(jī)務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)：機(jī)車的運用、檢修和整備作業(yè)和機(jī)車掛運與換掛。5、車輛業(yè)務(wù)：列車中車輛的技術(shù)檢查和車輛的檢修作業(yè)。4Maintenanceservice:Theapplicationandmaintenanceoflocomotiveandlocomotiveservicingandtransportationandhanging.5Vehicleoperations:technicalinspectionofvehiclesinthetrainandvehiclemaintenanceoperations.

二、區(qū)段站的設(shè)備1、客運業(yè)務(wù)設(shè)備：項目與中間站相同，規(guī)模較大，跨線設(shè)備可設(shè)天橋或地道。2、貨運業(yè)務(wù)設(shè)備：貨場及貨場內(nèi)貨物裝卸線、貨物站臺、雨棚、倉庫、裝卸機(jī)械等。3、運轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備：旅客列車到發(fā)線、貨物列車到發(fā)線、駝峰、調(diào)車場、牽出線等。4、機(jī)務(wù)設(shè)備：機(jī)務(wù)段或折返段（屬于機(jī)務(wù)部門設(shè)置，為運轉(zhuǎn)服務(wù)）；5、車輛設(shè)備：站修所和列檢所，個別區(qū)段站設(shè)有車輛段（均屬車輛部門設(shè)置，為運轉(zhuǎn)服務(wù)）。6、工務(wù)、電務(wù)、給水及建筑設(shè)備等IISectionstationequipment

1Passengerbusinessequipment:theprojectisthesamewithintermediatestationwithalargerscale;cross-lineequipmentcanbelocatedoverpassortunnel.

2Freightbusinessequipment:freightyardhandlinglines,cargoplatform,canopy,storage,handlingmachinery.

3Transmittingequipment:departureandarrivallineofpassengerandfreighttrain,hump,shuntingyard,pull-outlineandsoon.

4Maintenanceequipment:Locomotivedepotorreentrantdepot(belongingtothemaintenancedepartmentsetuptransmittingservices);

5Vehicleequipment:stationrepairandinspectionInstitute,somesectionsaresetwiththedepot(thevehiclesectorsetsfortransmittingservices).

6Publicworks,electricity,watersupplyandconstructionequipment

upstreamCargoyardStationcircuitdiagramKstation134-departureandarrivallineII-Mainline5678-shuntingline910-repairtrackinstation1113-leadtrack12–cargoline機(jī)1–Locomotiverunningline機(jī)2、機(jī)3–servicingsiding機(jī)4–Oilunloadingline

三、區(qū)段站布置圖（一）設(shè)備配置的基本原則（方便業(yè)務(wù)、減少干擾、縮短行程、增加平行作業(yè)進(jìn)路）1、客運站舍及基本站臺應(yīng)設(shè)于城鎮(zhèn)一側(cè)；旅客列車到發(fā)線應(yīng)盡量靠近站舍和正線。以便于客流組織和旅客列車的到發(fā)。2、貨物列車到發(fā)場緊靠旅客列車到發(fā)線。3、調(diào)車場應(yīng)緊靠到發(fā)場，以縮短車列轉(zhuǎn)線的行程，減少與其他作業(yè)的干擾。IIISectionstationlayout1Thebasicprinciplesofequipmentconfiguration(tofacilitatebusiness,reduceinterference,shortentheitinerary,increasetheparalleloperationsapproach)

1)Passengerstationandthebasicplatformshouldbelocatedinthetownside;thedepartureandarrivallineofpassengertrainshouldbeclosetothestationhouseandthemainlineinordertofacilitatethearrivalofpassengerfloworganizationandpassengertrain.

2)Thedepartureandarrivallineoffreighttraintothehairfieldshouldbeclosetothedepartureandarrivallineofpassengertrain3)Shuntingyardshouldbeclosetothedepartureandarrivalfieldinordertoshortenthetrainlinetriptoreducetheinterferencewithotheroperations.

4、機(jī)務(wù)段設(shè)于到發(fā)場的某一端，以縮短機(jī)車出入段的行程。5、貨場應(yīng)盡量設(shè)于城鎮(zhèn)的同側(cè)，并靠近調(diào)車場，以利于貨主搬運貨物，并盡量方便貨物作業(yè)車的取送。6、站修所或車輛段設(shè)于調(diào)車場附近，以縮短檢修車的行程。4)Thelocomotivedepotislocatedinoneendofthefieldtoshortenthelocomotivetrip.

5)Theyardshouldbelocatedinthesamesideofthetown,andclosetotheyardinordertofacilitatetheownertocarrythegoods,andtofacilitatethedeliveryofgoods.

6)Stationrepairordepotshouldbelocatedclosetotheshuntingyardtoshortenthemaintenancetrip.

（二）區(qū)段站的基本布置圖按各車場位置關(guān)系歸納為：橫列式：上下行貨物列車到發(fā)場為橫向排列?？v列式：上下兩個到發(fā)場分設(shè)在正線兩側(cè)并縱向完全錯開?？拓浛v列式：將旅客運轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備與貨物運轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備沿正線順列布置。IIBasiclayoutofsection

stationAccordingtothelocationrelationshipbetweenthedepots:Horizontaltype:upanddowngoodstraintothedepartureandarrivalfieldinthehorizontalarrangement.Longitudinaltype:upanddowndepartureandarrivalfieldsarelocatedonbothsidesofthemainlineandverticallycompletelystaggered.Passengerandfreightlongitudinaltype:thepassengerandcargotransmittingequipmentarearrangedinsequencealongthemainline.

第四節(jié)編組站編組站是指在鐵路網(wǎng)上辦理大量貨物列車解體、編組作業(yè)，并為此設(shè)有比較完善的調(diào)車設(shè)備的車站。一、編組站的主要任務(wù)1、解體和編組各種類型的貨物列車（主要任務(wù)，編組站有貨物列車制造工廠之稱）；2、開行小運轉(zhuǎn)列車，組織和取送本地區(qū)的車流；3、客貨運業(yè)務(wù)；4、向各連接的區(qū)段供應(yīng)列車動力；5、車輛的檢修。Themarshalingstationistohandlealargenumberofgoodsinrailwaynetworktraindisintegration,marshalingoperation,whichhasrelativelyperfectshuntingequipment.I.MaintasksofMarshalingStation1Disintegrationandmarshalingofvarioustypesofcargotrains(Maintask:themarshalingstationcanalsobecalledasthegoodstrainmanufacturingplant)2Theoperationofasmalloperationofthetrain,theorganizationandaccesstotheareaoftraffic.3Passengerandfreightbusiness4Supplytraindynamicstoallconnectedsegments5Vehiclemaintenance5.4MarshallingStation

downShuntingfieldDeparturefieldArrivalfieldLocomotivedepotArrivalanddeparturefield

二、編組站的主要作業(yè)1、運轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)務(wù)①列車到達(dá)作業(yè)；②列車解體作業(yè)；③列車編組作業(yè)；④列車出發(fā)作業(yè)；⑤向貨場、專用線、專用鐵道取送車輛。（主要作業(yè)）2、客貨運業(yè)務(wù)（專業(yè)性編組站不辦理該項業(yè)務(wù)）3、機(jī)務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)4、車輛業(yè)務(wù)II.MainoperationofMarshalingStation1Runningbusiness1)Trainarrivaloperation2)Traindisintegrationoperation3)Trainformationoperation4)TrainStartingoperation2Deliveryvehiclestotheyard,specialline,specialrailway3Passengerandfreightbusiness(Professionalmarshalingstationdoesnot

handlethebusiness)

4Maintenanceservice

5Vehiclebusiness

三、編組站的主要設(shè)備1、運轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備（1）調(diào)車設(shè)備：調(diào)車駝峰、編組場、牽出線，這是編組站的核心設(shè)備；（2）行車設(shè)備：貨物列車出發(fā)場、到達(dá)場、到發(fā)場；2、客貨運設(shè)備3、機(jī)務(wù)設(shè)備：一般在編組站均設(shè)有大型機(jī)務(wù)段；4、車輛設(shè)備：一般均設(shè)有車輛段及其派出的列檢所、站修所。III.MainequipmentofMarshalingStation

1OperatingequipmentShuntingequipment:shuntinghump,marshalingyard,holdoutlet,thisisthecoreequipmentofmarshalingstationDrivingequipment:freighttraindeparture,arrivalfield,departureandarrivalline2Passengerandfreighttransportequipment3Maintenanceequipment:Generallythereisalargedepotinmarshalingstation4Vehicleequipment:ingeneral,itisprovidedwithavehiclesectionandalistofinspectionstations.

四、編組站布置圖及分類1、編組站分類方法（1）按改編系統(tǒng)數(shù)分為：單向編組站、雙向編組站；（2）按各車場間的排列方式分為：

橫列式：上下行到發(fā)場與調(diào)車場橫向排列；

混合式：主要車場（D、B）縱向排列，部分車場橫向排列；

縱列式：D、B、F為順向排列?！皫准墡讏觥保骸凹墶敝杠噲雠帕行问?，“場”指車場。IVLayoutandclassificationofmarshalingstation1Classificationmethodsofmarshalingstation①Accordingtothenumberofadaptationsystem,itisdividedintotwotypes:one-waymarshalingstation,two-waymarshalingstation.②Accordingtothearrangementofpointsfortheyard,therearethreetypes.Rowtype:HorizontalarrangementofShuntingyardandup-downarrivalanddepartureyardMixedtype:themaindepot(D,B)isarrangedvertically,partsofdepotarehorizontallyarrangedTandem:D,B,Ffortheconsequentarrangement"xxxstagesandxxxfield":“stage”referstotheyardarrangement,"field"referstotheyard

2、編組站布置圖基本類型六種：即單向橫列式、單向縱列式、單向混合式雙向橫列式、雙向縱列式、雙向混合式3、車流在“三級三場”式的編組站的作業(yè)流程（1）有調(diào)車流：到達(dá)技檢、駝峰解體、編組集結(jié)、尾部編組、出發(fā)技檢。（2）無調(diào)車流：出發(fā)技檢。2. BasictypesofmarshalingyardlayoutSixtypes:singlerowtype,one-waytandem,one-waymixedtypedoublerowtype,two-waytandem,bidirectionalhybrid3. Operationflowofwagonsin"threestageandthreefield"marshalingstation1)Regulatedtrafficflow:Arrivaloftechnicalinspection,dismantlinghump,marshalingassembly,tailmarshaling,startingtechnicalinspection.2)Non-regulatedtrafficflow:Startingoftechnicalinspection

Unidirectionalthreestageandthreefieldlongitudinalmarshalingstationdiagram

Unidirectionallongitudinalmarshalingstationdiagram1Arrivalfield2Marshalingfield3Departureandthroughfield5cardepot4Locomotivedepotconfigurationschemearranged

jointlywithcardepot6Locomotivedepot7Hump8Conditioningequipment

五、調(diào)車設(shè)備（一）調(diào)車工作1、調(diào)車：在車站內(nèi)，除列車運行外機(jī)車車輛一切有目的的移動。2、調(diào)車的種類（1）按調(diào)車設(shè)備的不同分：牽出線調(diào)車、駝峰調(diào)車。（2）按調(diào)車的目的分：取送調(diào)車、摘掛調(diào)車、解體調(diào)車、編組調(diào)車、轉(zhuǎn)場調(diào)車。（3）按調(diào)車作業(yè)方式分：推送調(diào)車法、溜放調(diào)車法。

VMarshalingfacilitiesShuntingworkShunting:Alllocomotivevehicles’purposefulmovesinthestationarecalledshuntingexceptfortrainrunning.2.Typesofshuntingwork①

Accordingtodifferentshuntingequipment,theyaredividedintotwotypes:Pull-outshunting,humpshunting②

Accordingtothepurposeofshunting,theyaredividedintofivetypes:taking-outandplacing-inshunting,detachingandattachingofcars,disintegrationshunting,marshalingshunting,shuntingtransition③Accordingtotheshuntingoperationmode,theyaredividedintotwotypes:push-pullshunting,flyshuntingmethod授課內(nèi)容（英文）：第一章鐵路運輸組織第一篇鐵路客流組織與貨運組織第一章鐵路客流組織第二章鐵路貨流組織Part3RailwayTransportWorkingGroupRailwaypassengerorganizationandfreightorganizationChapter1

RailwaypassengerorganizationChapter2Railwayfreightorganization

第一章鐵路運輸組織第一節(jié)鐵路旅客運輸?shù)囊饬x和特點第二節(jié)客流和旅客列車的分類第三節(jié)鐵路旅客運輸?shù)慕M織機(jī)構(gòu)第四節(jié)客流調(diào)查與旅客運輸計劃

Chapter1Railwaypassengerorganization1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganization1.2Classificationofpassengerandpassengertrains1.3Organizationofrailwaypassengertransport1.4Passengerflowsurveyandpassengertransport

plan

第一節(jié)鐵路旅客運輸?shù)囊饬x和特點

旅客運輸是整個鐵路運輸工作的重要組成部分，它的基本任務(wù)是：1、滿足廣大人民的旅行需要；2、安全、迅速、準(zhǔn)確、便利地運送旅客和行李、包裹、郵件；3、保證旅客在旅行途中舒適愉快并獲得文化生活上的良好服務(wù)。

1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganizationPassengertransport

Passengertransportisanimportantpartofthewholerailwaytransportation,anditsbasictaskistoMeettheneedsofthepeople'stravel;Safe,rapid,accurateandconvenienttransportationforpassengers,luggage,parcels,andmail;Ensurethepassengerstohaveacomfortandpleasurejourneyandobtainthegoodserviceinculturallife.

第一節(jié)鐵路旅客運輸?shù)囊饬x和特點“八五”期間，我國鐵路客運量和客運周轉(zhuǎn)量分別增長了8.5％和35.7％，而同期鐵路貨運量和貨運周轉(zhuǎn)量分別增長8.9％和21.1％；客運列車密度增長16.4％，而同期貨運列車密度增長10.0％；繁忙區(qū)段旅客列車占用的通過能力已超過貨物列車，如京滬線的滬常段，客貨列車占用的通過能力之比為56.8:43.2；全路客運和貨運收入之比從1:2.45上升到1:1.77，部分鐵路局出現(xiàn)運輸收入客大于貨或客貨基本持平。這些情況表明，旅客運輸在鐵路運輸中的重要性正在增強，預(yù)計未來鐵路客運量和客運周轉(zhuǎn)量的增長幅度將大于貨運。因此，大力發(fā)展鐵路客運，是我國鐵路發(fā)展的客觀要求。

DuringtheperiodoftheEighthFive-YearPlan,railwaypassengervolumeandpassengerturnoverincreasedby8.5%and35.7%respectively,whilerailwayfreightvolumeandfreightturnoverincreasedby8.9%and21.1%respectively;passengertraindensityincreasedby16.4%,atthesameperiodfreighttraindensityincreased10.0%;busysection’spassengertrainoccupancycapacityhasexceededthegoodstrains,suchasHuchangsectionofBeijing-Shanghailine,passengerandfreighttrainoccupancycapacityratiowas56.8:43.2;thewholepassengerandfreightrevenueincreasedfrom1:2.45to1:1.77,passengertrains’transportrevenueofsomeRailwayBureausisgreaterthanthatofcargo.Theseindicatethattheimportanceofpassengertransportinrailtransportisincreasingandthatthegrowthinpassengertrafficisexpectedtooutpacefreightmovementsinthefuture.Therefore,thedevelopmentofrailwaypassengertransportisanobjectiverequirementforthedevelopmentofrailwaysinChina.1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganization

第一節(jié)鐵路旅客運輸?shù)囊饬x和特點

鐵路旅客運輸工作性質(zhì)和組織原則與貨物運輸?shù)膮^(qū)別：1、旅客運輸?shù)闹饕?wù)對象是廣大旅客，其次是行李、包裹和郵件。2、旅客運輸需求的時空不均衡性。3、旅客列車的編組一般是固定的，其始發(fā)、終到站以及到、發(fā)和途中運行的時刻也是固定的。4、旅客車輛（包括餐車、行李車）一般都是按鐵路局固定配屬于各客運車輛段。

1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganizationThenatureandorganizationprincipleoftherailwaypassengertransportandthedifferencebetweenpassengerandfreighttransportation.①Themainserviceobjectofpassengertransportisthevastnumberofvisitors,followedbyluggage,parcelsandmail②Timeandspaceimbalanceofpassengertransportdemand③Thecompositionofthepassengertrainisgenerallyfixed,itsorigin,theendofthestation,thearrival,thedeparture,andtheruntimeisfixed.④

Passengervehicles(includingdiningcar,luggage)generallybelongtothepassengervehiclesegmentaccordingtotheRailwayBureau.

第一節(jié)鐵路旅客運輸?shù)囊饬x和特點5、旅客運輸計劃只有年度的客運量計劃和客運機(jī)車和客車車底的運用計劃，平時只依據(jù)節(jié)、假日客流調(diào)查資料所編制的重點節(jié)、假日計劃，來調(diào)整年度的客運量計劃和機(jī)車車輛運用計劃，6、客運站的位置要求緊靠城市，并且要與市內(nèi)運輸及其他各種交通工具有密切的配合。7、選擇旅客列車的重量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、速度和密度時，要進(jìn)行綜合比較。

⑤Passengertransportplanonlyincludestheannualpassengertrafficplansandtheuseofpassengerlocomotivesandpassengercarplans.Atusualtime,itisonlyonthebasisoffestival,holidaytrafficsurveydatatoadjusttheannualpassengervolumeplanandlocomotiveandrollingstockutilizationplan.⑥Thelocationofthepassengerstationisclosetothecity,anditiscloselycombinedwiththecity'stransportationandotherkindsoftransportation.⑦Whenselectingtheweightstandard,speedanddensityofthepassengertrain,acomprehensivecomparisonismade.1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganization

第一節(jié)鐵路旅客運輸?shù)囊饬x和特點鐵路旅客運輸必須遵循的幾項原則：1、從國家整體利益出發(fā)，認(rèn)真執(zhí)行黨和國家的各種方針政策。2、保證旅客運輸安全。3、不斷提高旅客運輸服務(wù)質(zhì)量。4、發(fā)揮鐵路的整體優(yōu)勢，貫徹“保證重點，照顧一般”和“客貨兼顧”的方針。5、發(fā)展鐵路與各種交通工具的聯(lián)合運輸。1.1Significanceandcharacteristicsofrailway

passengerorganizationSeveralprinciplesmustbefollowedinrailwaypassengertransport:Startingfromtheoverallinterestsofthecountry,weshouldconscientiouslyimplementthepartyandthecountry'svariouspolicies.Ensurethesafetyofpassengertransport.ContinuouslyimprovethequalityofpassengertransportserviceToplaytheoveralladvantagesoftherailway,wemustcarryout"toensurethekey,takecareofgeneral"and"