必修二Unit2WildlifeProtection語法知識讀后續(xù)寫筑基講義（原卷版）

Part1單元語法講義現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)Part2讀后續(xù)寫素材常用修辭手法Part3單元語法+讀后續(xù)寫即時檢測必修二Unit2WildlifeProtectionPart1單元語法講義現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)一、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的基本概念現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的形式肯定式am/is/are+beingdone否定式am/is/are+not+beingdone一般疑問式Am/ls/Are+主語+beingdone特殊疑問式疑問詞+is/are+主語＋beingdone二、現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)的用法和意義1．表示說話時正在進行的被動動作。句中常用now,atthemoment等時間狀語。AsfarasIknow,heisnowbeingtreatedinIndia.據(jù)我所知，他現(xiàn)在正在印度接受治療。2．表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的被動動作，但該動作在說話的瞬間未必正在進行。Manyinterestingactivitiesarebeingcarriedoutthesedays.最近許多有趣的活動正在被進行著。(說話時，并不一定正在進行)3．表示一種經(jīng)常性的被動行為，常與always,constantly，frequently等副詞連用，往往帶有夸獎、羨慕、埋怨、討厭等感情色彩。Ifeelveryamazedthattheglassesofourlivingroomarefrequentlybeingbroken.讓我感到非常吃驚的是我們起居室的玻璃杯經(jīng)常被打破。4．表示按計劃或安排主語將要承受謂語動詞所表示的動作。Thebirthdaypartyisbeingheldthisevening.與情態(tài)動詞連用，表示對現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的被動行為的推測?！狣oyouknowwhatJohnisdoing?—Heisill.Hemaybebeingexaminedby

thedoctor.注意短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，短語中的介詞或副詞不能省掉，應(yīng)當看成一個整體。Thechildrenarebeingtakengoodcareof

here.

be+under/in/on+n.可表示現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的含義。Thetelephoneisinuse.=Thetelephoneis

beingused.Manynewproductsareonshow.=Many

newproductsarebeingshown.Part2讀后續(xù)寫素材常用修辭手法Simile明喻明喻（simile）俗稱直喻，是依據(jù)比喻和被比喻兩種不同事物的相似關(guān)系而構(gòu)成的修辭格。如：★Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,looksasthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.開滿櫻花的鄉(xiāng)村，看起來有如粉紅雪鋪滿地?！颰hesmileonherfaceshonelikeadiamond.她的笑容像寶石一樣閃閃發(fā)光?！颰hesceneryalongtheLijiangRiverinGuilinisjustlikeabeautifullandscapepainting.桂林漓江的沿途風景就像一幅美麗的山水畫。★Hisheartisashardasastone.他鐵石心腸?！颒ersoulisaspureassnow.她的心靈純潔無比。認真觀察以上各例，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的特點，由(as)...as,like等引導，這些引導詞被稱作比喻詞（acknowledgingword），它們是辨別明喻的最顯著的特征，明喻較為直白，比喻物和被比喻物之間相似點較為明顯，所以明喻是一種比較好判斷的修辭手法?！窈蚢s…as…相關(guān)的詞塊積累：assoftaswater柔情似水a(chǎn)spureassnow純凈如雪asclearascrystal清如水晶asweakaswater軟弱無力，弱不禁風asuniqueasafingerprint獨一無二asdrunkasamouse爛醉如泥●和like相關(guān)的詞塊積累：likeaducktowater如魚得水likeadrownedcat落湯雞likeacatonhotbricks熱鍋上的螞蟻likearatinahole如甕中之鱉02Metaphor隱喻,暗喻暗喻（metaphor）：也稱隱喻，是依據(jù)比喻和被比喻兩種不同事物的相似或相關(guān)關(guān)系而構(gòu)成的修辭格。無需借助比喻詞，直接將甲事物當作乙事物來描寫。例如：★Lifeisashipontheoceanmeetingbothsunnydaysandstormydays.生活是一艘在海上航行的船，既會遇到晴天，也會遇到暴風雨天。★Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface.笑是驅(qū)走人們臉上寒意的太陽?！颯heisgoingthrougharollercoasterofemotions.她正經(jīng)歷著情感的過山車?！顰tonce,theEasternandWesternChang’anRoadsbecameroaringoceans.霎時間，東西長安街成了喧騰的大海。由以上各例可知，暗喻沒有引導詞，這是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大區(qū)別。換句話說，有為明喻，沒有為暗喻。如：Hehasaheartofstone.Hehasaheartlikestone.很顯然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。暗喻時，比喻物和被比喻物之間的相似點較為含蓄，猛一看它們毫無關(guān)系，實際卻有著某種內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。●詞塊積累：abedofroses安樂窩cleanhands兩袖清風curtainlecture枕頭風likemushroom雨后春筍mushroomfame一夜成名amushroommillionaire暴發(fā)戶03Metonymy借喻,轉(zhuǎn)喻借喻不直接說出所要說的事物，而使用另一個與之相關(guān)的事物名稱。I.以容器代替內(nèi)容，例如：1>.Thekettleboils.水開了。2>.Theroomsatsilent.全屋人安靜地坐著。II.以資料、工具代替事物的名稱，例如：Lendmeyourears,please.請聽我說。III.以作者代替作品，例如：apleteShakespeare莎士比亞全集VI.以具體事物代替抽象概念，例如：Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力氣,他們就用我的力氣賺錢。04Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全體,或用全體代替部分，或特殊代替一般。例如：1>.Thereareabout100handsworkinginhisfactory.(部分代整體)他的廠里約有100名工人。2>.HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.(特殊代一般)他是本世紀的牛頓。3>.Thefoxgoesverywellwithyourcap.(整體代部分)這狐皮圍脖與你的帽子很相配。05Synaesthesia通感,聯(lián)覺,移覺這種修辭法是以視.聽.觸.嗅.味等感覺直接描寫事物.通感就是把不同感官的感覺溝通起來，借聯(lián)想引起感覺轉(zhuǎn)移，“以感覺寫感覺”。通感技巧的運用，能突破語言的局限，豐富表情達意的審美情趣，起到增強文采的藝術(shù)效果。比如：欣賞建筑的重復(fù)與變化的樣式會聯(lián)想到音樂的重復(fù)與變化的節(jié)奏;聞到酸的東西會聯(lián)想到尖銳的物體;聽到飄渺輕柔的音樂會聯(lián)想到薄薄的半透明的紗子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微風過處送來縷縷清香,仿佛遠處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的”。例如：1>.Thebirdssatuponatreeandpouredforththeirlilylikevoice.(用視覺形容聽覺，鳥落在樹上，由它發(fā)出的聲音聯(lián)想到百合花)鳥兒落在樹上,傾瀉出百合花似的聲音。2>.TastethemusicofMozart.(用嗅覺形容聽覺)品嘗Mozart的音樂。06Personification擬人擬人（personification）：擬人手法是把物（諸如動物、植物、物體、思想或抽象概念等）比作人，賦予它們?nèi)说奶匦?、外表、思維、動作，即把本來適用于人的詞匯用于物，使之人格化。如：★Thethunderclappedangrilyinthedistance.雷聲在遠處怒吼著?！颰hesunlooksoverthemountain’srim.太陽掛在山邊。★Thecitygraduallybegantobreatheagain.城市漸漸開始恢復(fù)生機。★Thewindhowledinthenight.夜里狂風怒吼?！颰heflowers/Thecurtainsdancedinthegentlebreeze.花兒/窗簾在微風中翩翩起舞?！颰hecandleflamedancedinthedark.蠟燭的火焰在黑暗中跳動。07Hyperbole夸張夸張（hyperbole）：夸張手法是人們從主觀出發(fā)，有意識地把事實夸大，故意言過其實，以達到強調(diào)或突出的一種修辭手法。它偏重于情感，而不太注重事實，表達得比實際事情更高、更強烈、更有集中性，具有詼諧、譏諷、褒貶等功用。一般說來，凡事物，都可適當?shù)乩每鋸埲バ揎??！颩ygrayhaircanmakealonglongrope.白發(fā)三千丈?！颳hensheheardthebadnews,ariveroftearspouredout.聽到這個壞消息時，她淚流成河。★Herappearancefairlytookmybreathaway.她的美貌令我神魂顛倒。08Parallelism排比,平行排比（parallelism）：是由兩個或兩個以上短語或句子構(gòu)成，其并列的結(jié)構(gòu)相同或類似，意思相關(guān)，語氣連貫，使得句子讀起來流暢，富有節(jié)奏感?！颮eadingmakesuswiseandexercisesmakeusstrong.讀書使我們睿智，鍛煉使我們強健。★Tosucceedinlife,youneedtotakeadvantageofopportunitiesandtofollowyourdreams.要想在生活中獲得成功，你需要抓住機會，追隨你的夢想?！颰hisisnotonlyjustwhatIwanted,butalsowhatIneeded.這不僅是我想要的，也是我需要的。欣賞英國作家查爾斯·狄更斯在《雙城記》的一段話，體會其中排比的力量和感染力。ltwasthebestoftimes,anditwastheworstoftimes.Itwastheageofwisdom,anditwastheageoffoolishness.Itwastheepochofbelief,anditwastheepochofincredulity.Itwastheseasonoflight,anditwastheseasonofdarkness.ltwasthespringofhope,anditwasthewinterofdespair.byCharlesDickens“ATaleofTwoCities”這是最好的時代，也是最壞的時代；是智慧的時代，也是愚蠢的時代；是信仰的時代，也是懷疑的時代；是光明的季節(jié)，也是黑暗的季節(jié)；是充滿希望的春天，也是令人絕望的冬天。09Euphemism委婉,婉辭法婉辭法指用委婉，文雅的方法表達粗惡，避諱的話。例如：1>.Heisoutvisitingthenecessary.他出去方便一下。2>.Hisrelationwithhiswifehasnotbeenfortunate.他與妻子關(guān)系不融洽。3>.DengXiaopingpassedawayin1997.(去世)010Allegory諷喻,比方(原意“寓言”)建立在假借過去或別處的事例與對象之上，傳達暗示，影射或者譏諷現(xiàn)世各種現(xiàn)象的含義。英文解釋：anexpressivestylethatusesfictionalcharactersandeventstodescribesomesubjectbysuggestiveresemblances;anextendedmetaphor摘自英語專業(yè)《大學英語教程》一書這是一種源于希臘文的修辭法，意為"換個方式的說法"。它是一種形象的描述，具有雙重性，表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事。例如：1>.Makethehaywhilethesunshines.表層含義：趁著出太陽的時候曬草真正意味：趁熱打鐵2>.It'stimetoturnploughintosword.表層含義：是時候把犁變成劍011Irony反語反語指用相反意義的詞來表達意思的作文方式，如在指責過失、錯誤時，用贊同過失的說法,而在表揚時，則近乎責難的說法。例如：1>.Itwouldbeafinethingindeednotknowingwhattimeitwasinthemorning.早上沒有時間觀念還真是一件好事啊(真實含義是應(yīng)該明確早上的時間觀念)2>"Ofcourse,youonlycarrylargenotes,nosmallchangeonyou."thewaitersaidtothebeggar.012Pun雙關(guān)雙關(guān)就是用一個詞在句子中的雙重含義，借題發(fā)揮。作出多種解釋，旁敲側(cè)擊，從而達到意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果，它主要以相似的詞形、詞意和諧音的方式出現(xiàn)。例如：1>.Sheistoolowforahighpraise,toobrownforafairpraiseandtoolittleforagreatpraise.2>.Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.3>.Ifwedon'thangtogether,weshallhangseparately.013Parody仿擬這是一種模仿名言、警句、諺語，改動其中部分詞語，從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭。例如：1>.Romewasnotbuiltinaday,norinayear.2>.Afriendinneedisafriendtobeavoided.3>.Ifyougiveagirlaninchnowadaysshewillmakeaddressofit.014Rhetoricalquestion修辭疑問(反問)它與疑問句的不同在于它并不以得到答復(fù)為目的，而是以疑問為手段，取得修辭上的效果，其特點是：肯定問句表示強烈否定，而否定問句表示強烈的肯定，它的答案往往是不言而喻的。例如：1>.Howwasitpossibletarget=_blankclass=infotextkey>possibletowalkforanhourthroughthewoodsandseenothingworthofnote?2>.Shallweallowthoseuntruthstogounanswered?015Contrast對照,對比,對偶對比（contrast）：巧妙地運用對比，可以突出作者想要強調(diào)的內(nèi)容或情感。★Manypeoplewillsoonfindthemselvesrichingoods,butraggedinspirit.很多人很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們在物質(zhì)上很富裕，但精神上卻很貧乏?！顴veryoneintheclassroomwaschattinghappilywhileRefaelsatalone,ataloss.教室里的每個人都在開心地聊天，而拉斐爾卻一個人坐在那里不知所措.★Neverbeforeinhistoryhasacitybeensopletelydestroyed.NeverinallSanFrancisco’shistorywereherpeoplesokindasonthatterriblenight.歷史上，從來沒有一個城市被如此徹底摧毀過。歷史上，舊金山人民從來沒有像在那個可怕的夜晚中那樣寬容善良過?！颫utatseaitwascalm.Nowindcameup.Yetfromeverydirection—east,west,northandsouth,strongwindsblewupontheunluckycity.海上風平浪靜，沒有風。然而，從四面八方——東南西北來的強風都吹向這座不幸的城市。Part3單元語法+讀后續(xù)寫即時檢測一、單句語法填空1．（2024高三下·全國·專題練習）Hesaidtheteam(experiment)withdifferenttypesoffoodproducts,butthemodelstheygotweren'tassuccessful.2．（2024高三·全國·專題練習）Aftercallingthewildliferescuecenterandlearningthatallitsvehicleswereoutonotherbusiness,Icarefully(wrap)(裹住)thewildbirdinatowelandcarriedhimtomyfriend’scar.3．（2024高三·全國·專題練習）Musicisasweetlanguagetoshowlovetothosewholoveusandthosewho(love)byus.4．（2024高三·全國·專題練習）StudycoauthorWeiMinWusaysthatin24hours,theplastic(turn)intocarbondioxide.5．（2024高三·全國·專題練習）TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(say)itisthefifthlargestcreatorofdangerouswaste.6．（2024高三·全國·專題練習）Butherfellowteachersaidthatwe(celebrate)her39thbirthday!7．（1819高一·北京西城·期中）Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.8．（2022高三下·全國·專題練習）Rainforests(cut)andburntatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromEarthinthenearfuture.9．（2223高二上·全國·課后作業(yè)）Look!Thechildren(take)goodcareofbytheiraunt.10．（2023高三·全國·專題練習）Look!Anewfactory(build)nearhouse,andmanymorefactories(build)hereinthenearfuture.11．（2024高三下·全國·專題練習）Highrisesdecoratethecity’sskyline,creatingadistinctcontrasttotheancientneighborhoods,temples,andbuildingsthat(occupy)previouslybypeople.12．（2024高三下·全國·專題練習）Themoneywill(distribute)overafouryearperiodandisaimedathelpingapproximately1,000homelesspeopleinthecountyofArvada.13．（2024高三·全國·專題練習）Sofar,thesite(conduct)thefinalpreparationandrehearsal(彩排)forthelaunch,includingfuelingupthecargocraftandtransferringthespacecraftrocketbinationtothelaunchingarea.14．（2024高三·全國·專題練習）Thoughborrowingwordshasbeefaster,theprocessisstillplex,andittakestimebeforenewwords(integrate)intoeverydayspeech.15．（2324高三上·福建·期末）Sofar,largequantitiesofprivateinformation(leak)totheadvertisementagencyillegally.16．（2324高三上·福建·期末）Toanyneighboringcountries,borderissues,unless(handle)properly,willdirectlyaffecttherelationshipbetweenthemandevenleadtoconflicts.17．（2024高三下·全國·專題練習）Muchoftheworld’selectronicwastewillnotberecycled,reusedorevendisposedofinasafeandcontrolledmanner.Onlyaround17.5percent(record)asrecycledin2019.18．（2024高三下·全國·專題練習）Suzhou,consideredbytheItalianexplorerMarcoPolointhe13thcenturyas“theVeniceoftheEast”,becameasistercitytoVenicein1980,andsincethenmultipleactivitiesofmutualhistoricalandculturalexchange(carry)forward.19．（2024高三下·全國·專題練習）Sofar,throughtheremotevideomonitoringsystemandtheuseofBDSandotherequipment,theintelligentandinformation-basedthree-dimensionsystemofthe“skyandground”forbiodiversityprotection(establish).20．（2024高三下·全國·專題練習）Breathingdirtyaircausestheprematuredeathofatleast1,200childrenacrossEuropeeachyear.Actually,manythousandsmore(trouble)withphysicalandmentalhealthproblemsthatcouldhavelifelongimpacts.21．（2023高三·全國·專題練習）Underthethemeof

“Chineselanguageplusarts”,theseries(prise)oftwoparts,thefirstpartofwhichcontainsfourepisodes,eachfeaturingoneartist.（2023高三·全國·專題練習）Inspiringvictoriesfor2,500years,SunziBingfaorTheArtofWar(write)byChineselegendarymilitarystrategistSunWuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770476BC).23．（2023高三·全國·專題練習）SanfuusuallyesbetweenmidJulyandmidAugust.Itreferstothethree10dayperiodsintheChineselunarcalendarand(call)“thedogdaysofsummer”inEnglish.24．（2023高三·全國·專題練習）Today,sentencesfromConfucianism(hear)frequentlyinspeechesortalksgivenbyfamousforeignpeople.25．（2023高三·全國·專題練習）Today,SunziBingfa(study)inmilitaryacademiesandbusinessschoolsaroundtheworld,anditcontinuestoguideusinvariousaspectsofourlives.26．（2023高三·全國·專題練習）Theywerefixedonanironplatewithframesinacertainsequence.Theninkwaspaintedandapieceofpaperwaslaiddown.Aprintedsheet(create)thisway.27．（2023高三·全國·專題練習）Thesolarterms(create)thousandsofyearsagotoguideagriculturalproduction.Solartermcultureisstillusefultodaytoguidepeople’slives.28．（2023高三·全國·專題練習）Today,themodernistplex(stock)withsomanyartworksthattheexhibitarenascanshowjustapartofthematatime,makingtheartisticspecialexhibitionsahighlightofanyvisittotheGetty.29．（2023高三·全國·專題練習）WudangmartialartsbasedontheTaoistideology(create)byoneofthemostfamousTaoists,namedZhangSanfengintheearlyyearsoftheMingDynasty.30．（2024高三·全國·專題練習）Maxwell’sworldwidewalkwasn’teasy.SheheardgunshotswhilecampinginTurkeyand(attack)inhertentinMongolia.Still,shecontinuedtowalk.二、書面表達（2024·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Isatinthebreakfastcornerwithmyfouryearoldson,Matthew,tryingtoignoretheacheinmystomach.Iwasstillrecoveringfromasurgery.Ihopedforstrengthandhappiness.Butthefutureseemedsohopeless.Matthewjumpedupfromhisspotonthekitchenfloor.“Bird!”heshouted,rushingtotheslidingdoor.Sureenough,therewasawhitedoveseatedonarubbertree.Itsatthereafewmoments,andthenflewaway.I’dneverseenoneinourneighborhoodbefore.WhenIdraggedmyselftothekitchenthenextmorning,thedovewasback.Thistimeitwaswithamatecarryingtwigs(嫩枝),“Look,Matthew,”Isaid,pointingtothetree.“They’regoingtomakeanest.”Thedovesflewinandoutofthecourtyardallweek,buildingonthetopoftherubbertree.Matthewcouldhardlycontainhisexcitement.Everymorning,he’drunintothekitchenandtakehisspotbytheslidingglassdoor,talkingtothebirdswhiletheyworked.AsmuchasIwasgrieving(感到悲傷),Icouldn’thelpbutlookforwardtothedoves’visitstoo.Wewatchedtheirprogressasifitwereareallifesoapoperaunfoldingbeforeus.Gradually,mypaindisappeared,replacedbyjoy.Thenitallwentwrong.Thecourtyardwasasafeenoughspotforanest,buttherubbertree’sbroad,