2023-2024學(xué)年河南開封各縣市重點(diǎn)高中高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南開封各縣市重點(diǎn)高中2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第I卷(選擇題)一、閱讀理解：本大題共16小題，共38分。AAMidsummerNight’sDreammaybeoneofShakespeare’smostperformedplay—butitslatestversionfromtheRoyalShakespeareCompanywillbeunlikeanyseenbefore.TitledDream,the50-minuteonlineproductioncombinesliveperformancewithmotion-capture(動(dòng)作捕捉)technology,3Dgraphics,andinteractivegamingtechniquesthatletaudiencesremotelyguidetheleadingcharacterPuckthroughavirtualforest.Aslivetheaterputsomeseriouslyhigh-techfairy(小精靈)factorsintopractice,Dreampromisestobringtherarestversionoftheplaytoourscreens.In2016,thetheater’sproductionofTheTempestusedlivemotion-capturetechnologytocreatea3Ddigitalimagethatwasprojectedabovethestage.Thedifferencethistimeisthateverythingintheplay—theperformersandtheirsurroundings—willbeshownvirtually.Sevenactorswillperforminaspecially-builtstudioinPortsmouth,southernEngland,wearingmotion-capturesuits.Theywillbesurroundedbya360-degreecameraset,madeupof47cameraswitheverymovementalmostimmediatelypresenteddigitally,whichispresentedtoviewersonline.Withitsmuch-reducedcharacters,DreamisnotacompleteproductionofAMidsummerNight’sDream;rather,itisastoryinspiredbyit,focusingonPuckandthefairies.Upto2,000audiencemembersforeachperformancecanbecomepartoftheshowandwillbeinvitedtoguidePuckthroughtheforest.Onscreen,thechosenaudiencewillappearasacloudoftinyfireflies(螢火蟲).Byusingtheirmouseorfingeronthescreenofasmartdevice,theywillbeabletomovetheirfireflyacrossthescreen,andPuckwillbeattheirbeckandcalltogothroughthevirtualspace.Forviewerswatchingathome,thevirtualfairiesmovingthroughadigitalforestwilllookmorelikeavideogamethantheaverageRoyalShakespeareCompanyshow.Buttheperformancesaredeliveredliveandinrealtime.Everynight’sperformancewillbeunique.“Withoutthefireflies—theaudiences—Puckwouldn’tbegoinganywhere,”saidE.M.Williamswhoplaystherole.“Theaudiencesareverymuchthefuelandtheenergyoftheshow.”1.WhatmakesDreamdifferentfromTheTempest?A.Thenumberofactorsandactresses. B.Thesurroundingsaroundtheperformers.C.The3Ddigitalimageitchoosestoshow. D.Thewayitpresentseverythingintheplay.2.WhichaspectoftheplaydoesParagraph3focuson?A.Itsleadingcharacters. B.Thedesignofitscontent.C.Itsproductionprocess. D.Theinspirationfortheplay.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“beattheirbeckandcall”inthelastbutoneparagraphmean?A.Bewillingtoguidethem. B.Belikelytoreceiveacall.C.Bedifficulttocontrol. D.Bereadytofollowtheirorder.4.WhatdoE.M.Williams’wordsinthelastparagraphshow?A.Thecostoftheshow. B.Thepleasureoftheaudiences.C.Theimportanceoftheaudiences. D.Thetaskoftheleadingcharacter.〖答案〗1.D2.C3.D4.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了皇家莎士比亞劇團(tuán)利用虛擬體驗(yàn)技術(shù)使觀眾參與劇中，給觀眾帶來全新的體驗(yàn)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thedifferencethistimeisthateverythingintheplay—theperformersandtheirsurroundings—willbeshownvirtually.(這次的不同之處在于，劇中的一切——演員和他們周圍的環(huán)境——都將以虛擬的方式呈現(xiàn))”可知，對于劇中的人物和環(huán)境的呈現(xiàn)方式使得Dream區(qū)別于TheTempest。故選D。【2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Sevenactorswillperforminaspecially-builtstudioinPortsmouth,southernEngland,wearingmotion-capturesuits.Theywillbesurroundedbya360-degreecameraset,madeupof47cameraswitheverymovementalmostimmediatelypresenteddigitally,whichispresentedtoviewersonline.Withitsmuch-reducedcharacters,DreamisnotacompleteproductionofAMidsummerNight’sDream;rather,itisastoryinspiredbyit,focusingonPuckandthefairies.(七名演員將穿著動(dòng)作捕捉服，在英格蘭南部樸茨茅斯的一個(gè)專門建造的攝影棚里表演。他們將被一個(gè)由47臺(tái)攝像機(jī)組成的360度攝像機(jī)包圍，每一個(gè)動(dòng)作都幾乎立即以數(shù)字方式呈現(xiàn)，并在線呈現(xiàn)給觀眾?！吨傧囊怪畨簟返慕巧淮蟠髣h減，因此《夢》并不是一部完整的作品；相反，它是一個(gè)受其啟發(fā)的故事，主要講述帕克和仙女們的故事)”可知，該段主要側(cè)重講述這部劇的制作過程。故選C。【3題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語前的“Upto2,000audiencemembersforeachperformancecanbecomepartoftheshowandwillbeinvitedtoguidePuckthroughtheforest(每場演出最多有2000名觀眾可以成為演出的一部分，并將被邀請引導(dǎo)Puck穿過森林)”以及畫線短語后的“togothroughthevirtualspace”可知，觀眾通過使用鼠標(biāo)或手指在智能設(shè)備的屏幕上移動(dòng)螢火蟲，而Puck會(huì)隨時(shí)待命，即跟隨它們的指引，通過虛擬空間。故劃線詞意思是“準(zhǔn)備好服從他們的命令”。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Withoutthefireflies—theaudiences—Puckwouldn’tbegoinganywhere,”saidE.M.Williamswhoplaystherole.“Theaudiencesareverymuchthefuelandtheenergyoftheshow.”(“沒有螢火蟲——沒有觀眾——Puck哪兒也去不了，”扮演Puck的E.M.威廉姆斯說?！坝^眾是這部劇的燃料和能量?！?”可知，沒有觀眾所扮演的螢火蟲的指引，這部劇的主角Puck哪兒也去不了。觀眾就是這部劇的“燃料”和“能量”。由此推知，E.M.Williams強(qiáng)調(diào)了觀眾的重要性。故選C。BIthadalwaysbeenassumedthattherarityoflightninginoceanstormswasduetocleanerairoverthevastseas,butkeenobservationshaveshownthatevenhighlypollutedairisassociatedwithreducedlightningatseawhenseasprayaerosols(氣溶膠)areabundant.IntheirpaperpublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,aninternationalteamofresearchersdescribestheirmulti-yearstudyofatmosphericconditionsovertheoceansborderingAfricaandwhatitshowedaboutsaltinseasprayaerosolsanditsimpactonlightning.TheresearchersobtainedatmosphericdataonAfricaandtheoceansarounditfortheperiod2013to2017.Thedataincludednumbersoflightningflashes,rainfall,temperaturesandcloudrepresentations.Theylookedfordifferencesinatmosphericconditionsinstormsthatoccurredoverlandversusthosethatoccurredovertheseaandfoundonemaindifference:theamountofsaltintheair.Lightningisproducedwhenupwardlymovingairincloudsformsicecrystals(冰晶)—aerosolparticlesthenbegintobumpintooneanother,creatinganelectricalcharge.Lightninghappenswhentheelectricalfieldinonepartofthecloudbecomespositivelycharged(usuallyatthetopofthecloud)andanothernegativelycharged(usuallyatthebottomofthecloud).Andcloudsform,ofcourse,whenvaporevaporates(蒸發(fā))fromthesurfaceoftheEarthandthewaterdropsbondwithaerosols.Theresearchersfoundthatthingsareslightlydifferentovertheocean.Whenwaterevaporatesfromthesea,itbearsaloadofsalt.Whenthesaltwaterbondswithaerosolstoformwaterdroplets,theytendtobebiggerandheavierthanthosethatformoverlandduetothesalt—andthatresultsinmoreofthewaterinthecloudsfallingasrainbeforeitcanriseupandformicecrystals.Theresultisfarfewerlightningdischarges.Theresearcherssuggesttheirfindingscouldbeusefulinimprovingtheaccuracyofbothclimatemodelsandmeteorologicalreports.Itcouldalsopossiblyleadsometoattempttoseedstormcloudswithsalttoreducetheirseverity.5.Whatisthecommonbeliefoflightningoveroceans?A.Lightningpollutestheremotesea. B.Pollutedairleadstolesslightningatsea.C.Cleanerairresultsinlesslightningatsea. D.Cleaneraircontributestomorelightningatsea.6.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph3?A.Bypresentingfacts. B.Bylistingsimilarities.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bymakingcomparisons.7.Howdowaterdropletsonlanddifferfromthoseatsea?A.Theydropmuchfaster. B.Theycontainmorewater.C.Theyarebiggerandheavier. D.Theyaresmallerandlighter.8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SaltinSeaSprayWorsensStormsovertheSeaB.SaltinSeaSprayKeepsLightningStrikesAwayC.LightningStrikesAreMoreCommonoverOceansD.SeaSprayIsFoundEvaporatingFasteroverOceans〖答案〗5.C6.A7.D8.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)海霧中的鹽可以防止雷擊，解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ithadalwaysbeenassumedthattherarityoflightninginoceanstormswasduetocleanerairoverthevastseas,butkeenobservationshaveshownthatevenhighlypollutedairisassociatedwithreducedlightningatseawhenseasprayaerosols(氣溶膠)areabundant.(人們一直認(rèn)為，海洋風(fēng)暴中閃電的罕見是由于廣闊的海洋上的空氣更清潔，但敏銳的觀察表明，即使是高度污染的空氣，當(dāng)海洋噴霧氣溶膠豐富時(shí)，海上閃電也會(huì)減少)”可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為清潔的空氣減少了海上的閃電。故選C。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Lightningisproducedwhenupwardlymovingairincloudsformsicecrystals(冰晶)—aerosolparticlesthenbegintobumpintooneanother,creatinganelectricalcharge.Lightninghappenswhentheelectricalfieldinonepartofthecloudbecomespositivelycharged(usuallyatthetopofthecloud)andanothernegativelycharged(usuallyatthebottomofthecloud).Andcloudsform,ofcourse,whenvaporevaporates(蒸發(fā))fromthesurfaceoftheEarthandthewaterdropsbondwithaerosols.(當(dāng)云層中向上移動(dòng)的空氣形成冰晶時(shí)，閃電就產(chǎn)生了——?dú)馊苣z顆粒開始相互碰撞，產(chǎn)生電荷。當(dāng)云的一部分電場帶正電（通常在云的頂部）而另一部分電場帶負(fù)電（通常在云的底部）時(shí)，閃電就會(huì)發(fā)生。當(dāng)然，當(dāng)水蒸氣從地球表面蒸發(fā)，水滴與氣溶膠結(jié)合時(shí)，云就形成了)”可推知，作者主要是通過陳述事實(shí)展開第三段。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whenthesaltwaterbondswithaerosolstoformwaterdroplets,theytendtobebiggerandheavierthanthosethatformoverlandduetothesalt—andthatresultsinmoreofthewaterinthecloudsfallingasrainbeforeitcanriseupandformicecrystals.(當(dāng)鹽水與氣溶膠結(jié)合形成水滴時(shí)，它們往往比陸地上因鹽而形成的水滴更大、更重——這導(dǎo)致云層中更多的水在上升形成冰晶之前就以雨的形式落下)”可知，陸地上的水滴和海上的不同在于它們更小更輕。故選D。【8題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Ithadalwaysbeenassumedthattherarityoflightninginoceanstormswasduetocleanerairoverthevastseas,butkeenobservationshaveshownthatevenhighlypollutedairisassociatedwithreducedlightningatseawhenseasprayaerosols(氣溶膠)areabundant.IntheirpaperpublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,aninternationalteamofresearchersdescribestheirmulti-yearstudyofatmosphericconditionsovertheoceansborderingAfricaandwhatitshowedaboutsaltinseasprayaerosolsanditsimpactonlightning.(人們一直認(rèn)為，海洋風(fēng)暴中閃電的罕見是由于廣闊的海洋上的空氣更清潔，但是敏銳的觀察表明，當(dāng)海洋霧氣溶膠豐富時(shí)，即使是高度污染的空氣也與海上閃電的減少有關(guān)。在《自然通訊》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文中，一個(gè)國際研究小組描述了他們對與非洲接壤的海洋大氣狀況的多年研究，以及該研究顯示的海洋霧氣溶膠中的鹽及其對閃電的影響)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)海霧中的鹽可以防止雷擊，解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“海霧中的鹽可以防止雷擊”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。CAroundsevenoutofeverytenAmericanswhoworkinofficesdotheirworkinanopenenvironment,definedasatdeskswithoutmeaningfulpartitions(隔板),accordingtoanInternationalFacilityManagementAssociationsurvey.Thatis,iftheyevenhaveadesk-workersmaybeassignedonlyafewfeetofacommunal(共用的)table.Theopen-planofficespacetrend,popularizedbycreativeagenciesandtechnologystart-ups,wentmainstreambecauseofthebeliefthatopen-spaceenvironmentssupportinnovation.Morenearnessbetweenemployees,thethinkingwent,wouldcreatemoreinteractionandteamwork,promotesocialinteractionandurgeproductivity.Butinfact,purelyopen-planofficeshavebeenshowntohavetheoppositeeffects,creatingsomuchdistraction(分心)thatemployeesstayedawayfromeachother.AstudyfundedbyHarvardBusinessSehaol,theresultsofwhichwerepublishedlastyear,trackedwhathappenedwhenaBritishcompanymoveditsemployeesfromtraditionalofficespace,withofficeswithwalls,toanopenoffice.Face-to-faceinteractionbecameless——employeesspent72percentlesstimeinteractingwiththeircolleagues.Insteadoftalkingmorewitheachother,theemployeesputonheadphonesandbegancommunicatingbytextandemail.Asdigitalcommunicationchannelssurged,productivitydeclined.Neurosciencealsoholdssomecluesastowhythetightquartersincommunalworkspaces-whereworkersareonlygivenabouthalfthespacetheyweregivenadecadeago-aresohardtoworkin.“Thehumanvoicesetsoffthemostpowerfulemotionalresponseinourauditory(聽覺的)experience.Voiceabove55decibels(分貝)-roughlythesoundofaloudphonecall-causesmeasurablestress,”accordingtoaWallStreetJournalarticle,“TheNeuroscience-OptimizedOffice”.“Evenmoretroublesomeareoverheard‘halfversations’,inwhichthelisteneronlyknowsaboutonesideofadialogue;ourbrainsautomaticallyimaginetheother,”wroteauthorsJohnMedinaandRyanMullenix.Butthesolution,sayexpertsincludingNewport,isn’ttogobacktoputtingeveryoneintoofficeswithwalls.9.Whatcanwelearnabouttheopenofficetrendaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Itallows10peopleatmosttoworktogether.B.Itisbelievedtostimulateworkers’creativity.C.Itisonlypopularwithnewtechnologycompanies.D.Itisaimedatpromotingworkers’socialinteraction.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surged”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Suspendedtimely. B.Becameuseless.C.Costless. D.Increasedquickly.11.Whatmakesanopenofficehardtoworkin?A.Hearingendlessnoisyphonecalls.B.Showingrealemotionspublicly.C.Facingcommunicationbarriersatwork.D.Hearingpartofadialoguebetweencolleagues.12.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A.Whatarebenefitsoftheopenofficeswithwalls.B.Whytheopenofficemakesworkersdistracted.C.Howtodealwiththedisadvantagesoftheopenoffice.D.Howtodrawworkers’attentiontotheircolleaguesnearby.〖答案〗9.B10.D11.D12.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了開放式辦公室的流行趨勢及其對員工工作效率和互動(dòng)的影響?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theopen-planofficespacetrend,popularizedbycreativeagenciesandtechnologystart-ups,wentmainstreambecauseofthebeliefthatopen-spaceenvironmentssupportinnovation.(開放式辦公室空間的趨勢，由創(chuàng)意機(jī)構(gòu)和科技初創(chuàng)公司推廣，成為主流，因?yàn)槿藗兿嘈砰_放空間環(huán)境支持創(chuàng)新)”可知，開放式辦公室的流行趨勢是因?yàn)槿藗兿嘈潘芗ぐl(fā)員工的創(chuàng)造力。故選B。【10題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Insteadoftalkingmorewitheachother,theemployeesputonheadphonesandbegancommunicatingbytextandemail.(員工們沒有更多地互相交談，而是戴上耳機(jī)，開始通過短信和電子郵件進(jìn)行交流)”可知，員工們開始更多地使用數(shù)字通信渠道，數(shù)字通信渠道的激增，劃線詞surged意為“迅速增加”。A.Suspendedtimely及時(shí)暫停；B.Becameuseless變得無用；C.Costless成本更低；D.Increasedquickly增長迅速。故選D?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Evenmoretroublesomeareoverheard‘halfversations’,inwhichthelisteneronlyknowsaboutonesideofadialogue;ourbrainsautomaticallyimaginetheother,”wroteauthorsJohnMedinaandRyanMullenix.(更麻煩的是無意中聽到的‘半句話’，聽者只知道對話的一面；我們的大腦會(huì)自動(dòng)想象對方，”作者約翰·梅迪納和瑞安·穆勒尼克斯寫道。)”可知，開放式辦公室難以工作的原因是聽到同事之間對話的一部分。故選D?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butthesolution,sayexpertsincludingNewport,isn’ttogobacktoputtingeveryoneintoofficeswithwalls.(但包括紐波特在內(nèi)的專家表示，解決方案不是讓每個(gè)人都回到有墻的辦公室)”可推測，接下來可能會(huì)討論如何解決開放式辦公室的缺點(diǎn)。故選C。DDoyouknowthewebsitesthatletyounameastarafteryourbelovedone,yourkidoryourdogforasmallfee?Yeah,thoseareallfake—youcouldpaymeto“name”astarfor$50,andI’lltakeyourmoneyandshowthenameonline.I’llevensendyouafancycertificate!Itseemsthatyou’venamedastar,butitjustdoesn’tcount.Actually,theonlyorganizationthatownsofficialnamingrightsistheInternationalAstronomicalUnion,ortheIAU.Itwasfoundedin1919andbasedinParis,France.Itiswhereastronomersandotherprofessionalshavereachedtheagreementsandistheofficialrecord-keepingbodyforalldiscoveriesinspace.Recentlytheydoopenupanopportunityforthepublictonameadozenofplanetsoutsidethesolarsystem.TheseplanetswillbeamongthefirsttobestudiedwiththeJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.However,theycurrentlyonlyhaveboringandcomplicateddocumentsthatwereusedtofindthem.That’swhytheIAUislookingforsomethingmoreinteresting.Butbeforeyoustartnamingtheplanets,youshouldknowtherules.First,nothingisrudeorannoying.Second,thenameshouldbelessthan16characterslongandpronounceableinatleastonelanguagewithnocommercialorbusinessnamesandnothingisnamedafteralivingindividualorapet.Thecompetition,named“StarsWorlds”,isopennextThursday,January20th.It’sthethirdsuchcontesttheIAUhasheld,andthepurposeistogetthepublicmoreinterestedinscienceaswellastheorganization.ThecompetitionalsohelpstobreakcenturiesofEuropeandominancewhenitcomestonamingthingsinthenightsky.Sopeoplearoundtheworldcansharethejoyofdiscoveryandmaketheirmarkinhistory.13.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthepassage?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bytakinganexample.C.Byofferingasolution. D.Byshowingdifferences.14.WhatcanweknowabouttheIAUfromthepassage?A.ItwasfoundedbyFrance. B.Itstudiesthespacetelescope.C.Itorganizestripstothespace. D.Ithastherighttonamethestars.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whythecompetitionisheld. B.Howthecompetitiondevelops.C.Whattoexpectinthecompetition. D.Howtotakepartinthecompetition.16.Whereisthispassagemostlikelytakenfrom?A.Anovel. B.Atextbook. C.Adiary. D.Amagazine.〖答案〗13.B14.D15.A16.D【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。文章介紹了擁有行星命名權(quán)的官方機(jī)構(gòu)——國際天文學(xué)聯(lián)盟、該機(jī)構(gòu)舉辦的第三屆給星球命名的公眾活動(dòng)及活動(dòng)規(guī)則?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Yeah,thoseareallfake—youcouldpaymeto“name”astarfor$50,andI’lltakeyourmoneyandshowthenameonline.I’llevensendyouafancycertificate!Itseemsthatyou’venamedastar,butitjustdoesn’tcount.”（是的，這些都是假的——你可以花50美元給我“命名”一個(gè)行星，我會(huì)拿著你的錢在網(wǎng)上展示這個(gè)名字。我甚至?xí)o你寄一份精美的證書！看起來你已經(jīng)命名了一顆行星，但這并不算數(shù)。）可知，為了讓讀者對騙子網(wǎng)站的操作一目了然，作者以自己可以隨意給行星命名來舉例引出本文的主要內(nèi)容——介紹IAU組織及其給星球命名的活動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Actually,theonlyorganizationthatownsofficialnamingrightsistheInternationalAstronomicalUnion,ortheIAU.Itwasfoundedin1919andbasedinParis,France.Itiswhereastronomersandotherprofessionalshavereachedtheagreementsandistheofficialrecord-keepingbodyforalldiscoveriesinspace.”（事實(shí)上，唯一擁有官方命名權(quán)的組織是國際天文學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)，簡稱IAU。它成立于1919年，總部設(shè)在法國巴黎。它是天文學(xué)家和其他專業(yè)人士達(dá)成協(xié)議的地方，也是所有太空發(fā)現(xiàn)的官方記錄保存機(jī)構(gòu)。）可知，從文章中我們可以了解到關(guān)于IAU，它有權(quán)為星星命名。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thecompetition,named“StarsWorlds”,isopennextThursday,January20th.It’sthethirdsuchcontesttheIAUhasheld,andthepurposeistogetthepublicmoreinterestedinscienceaswellastheorganization.ThecompetitionalsohelpstobreakcenturiesofEuropeandominancewhenitcomestonamingthingsinthenightsky.Sopeoplearoundtheworldcansharethejoyofdiscoveryandmaketheirmarkinhistory.”（這場名為“群星世界”的比賽將于1月20日（下周四開）幕。這是國際天文學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)第三次舉辦這樣的比賽，目的是讓公眾對科學(xué)和該組織更感興趣。這項(xiàng)競賽還有助于打破歐洲在夜空天體命名方面幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來的主導(dǎo)地位。這樣世界各地的人們就可以分享發(fā)現(xiàn)的喜悅，并在歷史上留下自己的印記。）可知，最后一段主要講的是活動(dòng)舉辦的目的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段中的“Thecompetition,named‘StarsWorlds’,isopennextThursday,January20th.”（這場名為“群星世界”的比賽將于1月20日（下周四）開幕。）可知，本文介紹了真正擁有行星命名權(quán)的組織機(jī)構(gòu)，本文時(shí)效性較強(qiáng)，應(yīng)該是從報(bào)刊雜志上節(jié)選出來的。故選D項(xiàng)。二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共10分。Whiletherearenumeroustoolstohelpyoudetermineyourstrengths,trystartingwiththesequestions.Beashonest,clear,andobjectiveaspossible.Whatareyourtopthreequalitiesorstrengths?____17____.Tomakeiteasy,sendanemailto20ofyourclosestfriendsandfamilymembers.Tellthemyouneedtheirhelpinidentifyingyourthreetopqualitiesorstrengths.You’llquicklystartreceivingresponses.Startalistfromtheanswersyoureceive.____18____.Takethethreemostcommonanswersandusethemasyourguide.Whatdoyoudoeveryday?Mostpeopletendtospendtimeonthethingstheyliketodoratherthanthethingstheydon’tlike.____19____.Ifyoufindyourselfeasilymakingtimetoreadtoyourkidsbutavoidmakingdinner,thisbehaviorcouldbetellingyousomething.Peoplemovetowardthingsthey’renaturallygoodatdoing.____20____?Whatpeoplethinkyoudoandwhattheysayaboutyouaretwodifferentthings.Forexample,theymaythinkyou’recleaningalldaylongbutstillthinkyou’reaterriblehousekeeper.Soyouneedtoquestionpeopleaboutitandtellthemit’sokaytotellthetruthbecausethisisaboutyourpersonaldevelopment.Whatisonemistakeyoukeeprepeating?AlbertEinsteinisknowntohavedescribedinsanity(精神錯(cuò)亂)asdoingthesamethingoverandoverbutexpectingdifferentresults.Areyoucaughtintheinsanitytrap?Forme,itwasmakingbread.ForyearsItriedtogetmydough(面團(tuán))toriseintoanicecottonyloaf.____21____.Ihadadvicefromfriends,watchedvideosonlineandtrieddifferentrecipesalltonoavail.I’veacceptedthatIcan’tmakebreadandit’sokay.A.EverytimeIcreatedahardrockB.ThefirststepistoaskforadviceC.WhatdoyouliketotalkaboutD.WhatdootherpeoplesayaboutyouE.You’llfindalotofqualitiesarerepeatedF.Thetruthiswedon’thavetobegoodateverythingG.It’softenthestrugglebetweenthetwothatcausesproblems,nottheactivities〖答案〗17.B18.E19.G20.D21.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。作者介紹了幾個(gè)可以幫助確定自己優(yōu)勢的方法?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Tomakeiteasy,sendanemailto20ofyourclosestfriendsandfamilymembers.Tellthemyouneedtheirhelpinidentifyingyourthreetopqualitiesorstrengths.You’llquicklystartreceivingresponses.(為了方便起見，給你最親密的20位朋友和家人發(fā)一封電子郵件。告訴他們你需要他們的幫助來確定你的三大品質(zhì)或優(yōu)勢。你會(huì)很快收到回復(fù))”可知，要了解自己的長處，需要征求別人的意見。B項(xiàng)“第一步是征求意見”符合題意，下文是對選項(xiàng)的具體解釋。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Startalistfromtheanswersyoureceive.(從收到的〖答案〗開始列出一個(gè)列表)”及下文“Takethethreemostcommonanswersandusethemasyourguide.(選取三個(gè)最常見的〖答案〗，并將其作為你的指南)”可知，E項(xiàng)“你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多品質(zhì)都是重復(fù)的”起到了內(nèi)容上的承上啟下，表明具體操作的步驟是你需要先為〖答案〗列清單，然后從清單表里發(fā)現(xiàn)很多重復(fù)的品質(zhì)后，再從這些重復(fù)的〖答案〗中選取三個(gè)作為你的行動(dòng)指南。故選E項(xiàng)。【19題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whatdoyoudoeveryday?Mostpeopletendtospendtimeonthethingstheyliketodoratherthanthethingstheydon’tlike.(你每天都做什么？大多數(shù)人傾向于把時(shí)間花在他們喜歡做的事情上，而不是他們不喜歡的事情上)”可知，大多數(shù)人把時(shí)間花在喜歡做的事情而不是他們不喜歡的事情上，G項(xiàng)“造成問題的往往是兩者之間的斗爭，而不是活動(dòng)”中的thetwo指的是上文提到的thethingstheyliketodo和thingstheydon’tlike，和上文構(gòu)成內(nèi)容上的承接。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】下文“Whatpeoplethinkyoudoandwhattheysayaboutyouaretwodifferentthings.Forexample,theymaythinkyou’recleaningalldaylongbutstillthinkyou’reaterriblehousekeeper.(人們對你的看法和他們對你的評價(jià)是兩回事。例如，他們可能認(rèn)為你整天都在打掃衛(wèi)生，但仍然認(rèn)為你是一個(gè)糟糕的管家)”可知，本段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)別人對你的評價(jià)。D項(xiàng)“別人怎么評價(jià)你”符合題意，可以作為本段的主題句對本段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括。故選D項(xiàng)。【21題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Forme,itwasmakingbread.ForyearsItriedtogetmydough(面團(tuán))toriseintoanicecottonyloaf.(對我來說，就是做面包。多年來，我一直試圖讓我的面團(tuán)變成一個(gè)漂亮的棉花面包)”可知，作者不斷重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤是做面包，A項(xiàng)“每次我創(chuàng)造一塊堅(jiān)硬的巖石”中的rock指代的是上文提到的bread，構(gòu)成內(nèi)容上的承接，指出作者經(jīng)常重復(fù)犯的錯(cuò)誤是把面包烤成石頭一樣硬。故選A項(xiàng)。三、完形填空：本大題共15小題，共15分。閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。It’snevereasybeingthenewkidinschool,especiallywhenyoulookalittlebitdifferentfromeveryoneelse.Asidefromtheusual___22___aboutnotknowinganyoneatHendersonHighSchoolinTennessee,15-year-oldSergioPeralt___23___thatpeoplewouldlaughathimforhis___24___.Sergio’srighthanddidn’tformfullyatbirth.“Inthefirstdaysofschool,Ihonestlyfeltlike___25___myhandinmysleeve(袖子),”Sergioadmitted.“Likenobodywouldeverfindout.”Itturnsoutthathisfellowstudentswerealotmore___26___thanheassumed.Infact,whentheschool’sengineeringteacher___27___Sergio’shand,hesuggestedthestudentsinhisclassshould___28___him.Theschoolisequippedwithonlinemodelingsoftwareanda3Dprinter,sotheteachersuggestedareal-life___29___thatwouldbenefitboththestudentsandSergio.Severalengineeringstudents___30___beganworkingonaprosthesis(假肢)fortheirnewclassmate.“‘Wecouldbuildyourprosthetichand’,they____31____meandIneverexpectedit,”saidSergio.StudentsworkedwithSergiotogettheprosthesisright,andwhenitwasfinished,it____32____allexpectations.Sergiowasnowableto____33____abaseballusinghisrighthandforthefirsttimeinhisentirelife.Beyondthepracticalityofhavinga____34____prosthesis,Sergiofeltsomethingevenmorepowerful:Hefitin.____35____beingteasedforhisdisability,hewascelebratedandassisted.“Theychangedmylife,”saidthe____36____teen.22.A.curiosity B.guilty C.nervousness D.sympathy23.A.announced B.worried C.remembered D.admitted24.A.performance B.ambition C.quality D.difference25.A.waving B.extending C.hiding D.ignoring26.A.open-minded B.nature-loving C.absent-minded D.hard-working27.A.trained B.covered C.treated D.noticed28.A.follow B.help C.challenge D.join29.A.application B.appointment C.invitation D.explanation30.A.temporarily B.hesitantly C.eagerly D.impatiently31.A.promised B.warned C.advised D.questioned32.A.setup B.livedupto C.ruledout D.fellshortof33.A.catch B.transform C.select D.replace34.A.familiar B.safe C.useful D.similar35.A.Regardlessof B.Apartfrom C.Dueto D.Ratherthan36.A.brave B.grateful C.generous D.considerate〖答案〗22.C23.B24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.A32.B33.A34.C35.D36.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，文章講述了15歲的SergioPeralta手部有殘疾，進(jìn)入新學(xué)校后同學(xué)為他制作假肢，改變了他的生活?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：15歲的SergioPeralta除了因?yàn)樵谔锛{西州亨德森高中不認(rèn)識(shí)任何人而感到緊張之外，還擔(dān)心人們會(huì)因?yàn)樗呐c眾不同而嘲笑他。A.curiosity好奇；B.guilty內(nèi)疚；C.nervousness緊張；D.sympathy同情。根據(jù)空后“notknowinganyoneatHendersonHighSchoolinTennessee”可知，在學(xué)校不認(rèn)識(shí)任何人，SergioPeralta應(yīng)是感到有點(diǎn)緊張，故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：15歲的SergioPeralta除了因?yàn)樵谔锛{西州亨德森高中不認(rèn)識(shí)任何人而感到緊張之外，還擔(dān)心人們會(huì)因?yàn)樗呐c眾不同而嘲笑他。A.announced宣布；B.worried擔(dān)心；C.remembered記得；D.admitted承認(rèn)。根據(jù)下文“peoplewouldlaughathimforhis.Sergio’srighthanddidn’tformfullyatbirth.”可知，Sergio的手有殘疾，故他擔(dān)心別人因?yàn)樗牟煌靶λ?，故選B?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：15歲的SergioPeralta除了因?yàn)樵谔锛{西州亨德森高中不認(rèn)識(shí)任何人而感到緊張之外，還擔(dān)心人們會(huì)因?yàn)樗呐c眾不同而嘲笑他。A.performance表現(xiàn)；B.ambition雄心；C.quality質(zhì)量；D.difference不同。根據(jù)下文“Sergio’srighthanddidn’tformfullyatbirth.”可知，Sergio的手有殘疾，故他擔(dān)心別人因?yàn)樗牟煌靶λ?，故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Sergio承認(rèn)：“在開學(xué)的頭幾天，我真的想把手藏在袖子里?！盇.waving揮手；B.extending延伸；C.hiding隱藏；D.ignoring忽視。根據(jù)上文的“Sergio’srighthanddidn’tformfullyatbirth.”和空后“myhandinmysleeve”可知，Sergio想把手藏在袖子里，故選C?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)證明，他的同學(xué)們比他想象的要開明得多。A.open-minded開明的；B.nature-loving熱愛自然的；C.absent-minded心不在焉的；D.hard-working勤奮的。根據(jù)下文“Severalengineeringstudentsbeganworkingonaprosthesis(假肢)fortheirnewclassmate.”可知，幾個(gè)工程系的學(xué)生急切地開始為他們的新同學(xué)制作假肢，Sergio的同學(xué)們比他想象的要開明得多，故選A。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，當(dāng)學(xué)校的工程老師注意到Sergio的手時(shí)，他建議班上的學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠幫助他。A.trained訓(xùn)練；B.covered覆蓋；C.treated治療；D.noticed注意到。根據(jù)下文“hesuggestedthestudentsinhisclassshouldhelphim.”可知，老師注意到Sergio的手有殘疾，故選D。【28題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.follow跟隨；B.help幫助；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.join加入。根據(jù)上文的“whentheschool’sengineeringteacherSergio’shand,hesuggestedthestudentsinhisclassshould”可知，老師看到Sergio的手有殘疾，建議同學(xué)們幫助他，故選B。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)校配備了在線建模軟件和3D打印機(jī)，所以老師建議在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中應(yīng)用，這對Sergio和其他學(xué)生都有好處。A.application應(yīng)用；B.appointment約會(huì)；C.invitation邀請；D.explanation解釋。根據(jù)上文的“Theschoolisequippedwithonlinemodelingsoftwareanda3Dprinter,sotheteachersuggestedareal-life”和下文“thatwouldbenefitboththestudentsandSergio”可知，老師建議在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中應(yīng)用這些設(shè)備，這對Sergio和其他學(xué)生都有好處。故選A?！?0題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)工程系的學(xué)生急切地開始為他們的新同學(xué)制作假肢。A.temporarily暫時(shí)地；B.hesitantly猶豫地；C.eagerly急切地；D.impatiently不耐煩地。結(jié)合空后“beganworkingonaprosthesis”可知，聽了老師的建議，同學(xué)們應(yīng)是急切地著手開始為他們的新同學(xué)制作假肢，故選C?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“‘我們可以給你做假手’，他們承諾我，但我從沒想過，”Sergio說。A.promised承諾；B.warned警告；C.advised建議；D.questioned質(zhì)疑。根據(jù)上文的“Wecouldbuildyourprosthetichand”可知，同學(xué)們承諾為Sergio制作假肢，故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)生們和Sergio一起完成了假肢，當(dāng)它完成時(shí)，它沒有辜負(fù)所有人的期望。A.setup建立；B.livedupto不辜負(fù)；C.ruledout排除；D.fellshortof未達(dá)到。根據(jù)下文的“Sergiowasnowabletoabaseballusinghisrighthandforthefirsttimeinhisentirelife”可知，Sergio現(xiàn)在可以用右手接住棒球了，假肢非常好，沒有辜負(fù)所有人的期望，故選B?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Serg