婦產(chǎn)科常用特殊檢查課件

匯報(bào)人:xxx20xx-03-15婦產(chǎn)科常用特殊檢查ppt課件目錄CONTENCT婦產(chǎn)科特殊檢查概述超聲檢查在婦產(chǎn)科應(yīng)用宮腔鏡檢查與操作技巧腹腔鏡在婦產(chǎn)科應(yīng)用核磁共振成像在婦產(chǎn)科應(yīng)用放射性核素顯像在婦產(chǎn)科應(yīng)用01婦產(chǎn)科特殊檢查概述定義目的定義與目的婦產(chǎn)科特殊檢查是指針對(duì)婦產(chǎn)科疾病診斷和治療的特殊醫(yī)學(xué)檢查手段。明確疾病診斷，評(píng)估病情嚴(yán)重程度，指導(dǎo)治療方案制定，監(jiān)測(cè)治療效果及預(yù)后。異常yin道出血、盆腔包塊、不孕癥、生殖道感染等婦產(chǎn)科相關(guān)疾病。適應(yīng)癥根據(jù)具體檢查項(xiàng)目而定，如急性生殖道炎癥、嚴(yán)重全身性疾病等可能為某些特殊檢查的禁忌癥。禁忌癥適應(yīng)癥與禁忌癥以下附贈(zèng)各項(xiàng)管理制度英文版（不需要可刪）急救藥品、器材管理制度:1.Rescuedrugsandequipmentshouldbe"fivefixed"(fixedquantityandvariety,designatedplacement,designatedpersonstorage,regulardisinfectionandsterilization,regularinspectionandmaintenance)and"twotimely"(timelyinspectionandmaintenance,timelyreceiptandsupplementation).Theitemisclearlymarkedandcannotbeusedarbitrarily.2.Thenecessaryrescueequipmentiscomplete,ingoodperformance,andinstandbycondition.3.Therescuedrugsarecomplete,withcleardruglabelsandnodiscoloration,deterioration,expiration,ordamage.Theyshouldbeplacedandusedintheorderofdrugexpirationdates(fromrighttoleft).4.Emergencydrugsanditemsforeachdepartment'srescuevehicleshallbeuniformlyequippedaccordingtorequirements.Specializedemergencydrugsanditemsmustbereviewedandapprovedbythedepartmentdirectortodeterminethetype,quantity,specifications,anddosagetobeequipped.Rescuevehiclesmustbeplacedindesignatedlocationsandmanagedbydesignatedpersonneltoensuresafetyandeaseofuse.5.Afterusingrescuedrugsandequipment,theyshouldbefullyreplenishedwithin24hours.Iftheycannotbereplenishedduetospecialreasons,theyshouldbenotedonthehandoverregistrationformandreportedtotheheadnurseforcoordinationandresolutiontoensuretimelyuseduringpatientrescue.6.Thereisaregistrationbookfortheprovisionofdrugsandequipment.Ensureconsistencybetweenaccountsandmaterials,andhandoverbetweenshifts.7.Managementofsealedrescuevehicles:Beforesealing,theheadnurse(ornurseincharge)andanothernurseshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookofdrugandequipmentequipment,verifytheiraccuracy,andsealthemwithaseal.Twopeopleshallsignandfillinthesealingtime.Nurseschecktheconditionofthesealsoncepershiftandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenursescheckonceaweek,andtheheadnurseandresponsiblenursesopenthesealsandinspectthedrugsandequipmentintheambulanceonceamonth,withrecordskept.8.Nonsealedrescuevehiclemanagement:Eachshiftshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenurseshallinspectonceaweek,andtheheadnurseshallinspectonceeverytwoweeksandkeeprecords,ensuringthattheaccountsmatchthematerials.護(hù)理文書書寫制度:

1.Nursingstaffstrictlyfollowthelatestrequirementswhenwritingnursingmedicalrecords.2.Thecontentofnursingrecordsshouldbeobjective,truthful,accurate,timely,complete,andstandardized.3.Allnursingdocumentsshouldbewrittenwithablueblackorcarboninkpen.4.AllnursingdocumentsshouldbewritteninArabicnumeralsfordateandtime,withdatesinyears,months,anddays,usinga24-hoursystem,specifictominutes.5.WritingshoulduseChinese,medicalterminology,andcommonlyusedforeignlanguageabbreviations;Completerecorditems;Thetextisneat,thehandwritingisclear,andthelayoutisclean;Accurateexpression,fluentsentences,simpleandconcise:correctformatandpunctuation,notypos.6.Whenerrorsoccurduringthewritingprocess,doublelinethemonthewrongwords,keeptheoriginalrecordclearanddistinguishable,signthemodifier,indicatethemodificationtime,continuetowritethecorrectcontent,anddonotusescraping,sticking,paintingorothermethodstocoveruporremovetheoriginalhandwriting.Eachpageshouldbemodifiednomorethantwotimes,otherwisetheoriginalrecorderwillpromptlycopyagain(exceptformodificationsmadebysuperiors).7.Nursingrecordswrittenbyinternnurses,probationarynurses,orunregisterednursesshouldbereviewedandsignedbynurseswithlegalprofessionalqualificationsinthismedicalinstitution.8.Furthertrainingnursescanonlywritenursingdocumentsafterbeingrecognizedbythemedicalinstitutionreceivingthetrainingfortheirworkability.9.Superiornursingstaffhavetheresponsibilitytoreviewandmodifythewrittenrecordsofsubordinatenursingstaff.Whenmakingmodifications,reddoublelinesshouldbeusedtomarkerrors,writethemodifiedcontent,signandindicatethemodificationtime.10.Temperaturerecords,medicalorders,patientcarerecords,andsurgicalinventoryrecordsshouldbearchivedontime.根據(jù)檢查項(xiàng)目要求，可能需要進(jìn)行飲食調(diào)整、腸道準(zhǔn)備、皮膚準(zhǔn)備等。配合醫(yī)生操作，保持放松狀態(tài)，如有不適及時(shí)告知醫(yī)生；檢查前需了解檢查項(xiàng)目的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及并發(fā)癥，簽署知情同意書。檢查前準(zhǔn)備及注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng)檢查前準(zhǔn)備02超聲檢查在婦產(chǎn)科應(yīng)用超聲檢查原理利用超聲波在人體zu織中的傳播特性，將回聲信號(hào)進(jìn)行接收、處理，形成圖像，從而觀察人體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。超聲設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)介包括超聲探頭、發(fā)射接收裝置、信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)和顯示裝置等。探頭是核心部件，負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)射和接收超聲波。超聲檢查原理及設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)介子宮肌瘤子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥盆腔炎性疾病采用經(jīng)腹或經(jīng)yin道超聲檢查，觀察肌瘤位置、大小、數(shù)目及與周圍zu織關(guān)系。通過(guò)超聲檢查觀察卵巢異位囊腫的位置、大小和形態(tài)，以及子宮直腸陷凹等處的異位病灶。超聲檢查可觀察盆腔有無(wú)積液或炎性包塊，幫助診斷盆腔炎性疾病。婦科常見(jiàn)疾病超聲檢查方法80%80%100%產(chǎn)科常見(jiàn)疾病超聲檢查方法觀察妊娠囊位置、大小、形態(tài)及胎心搏動(dòng)情況，確定胚胎是否存活。如葡萄胎、異位妊娠等，通過(guò)超聲檢查可及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并處理。在妊娠中、晚期進(jìn)行超聲檢查，觀察胎兒各器官發(fā)育情況，篩查胎兒畸形。早期妊娠診斷異常妊娠診斷胎兒畸形篩查技術(shù)原理在超聲引導(dǎo)下，將穿刺針準(zhǔn)確插入病變zu織內(nèi)，取出少量zu織進(jìn)行病理學(xué)檢查。臨床應(yīng)用適用于婦科和產(chǎn)科的多種疾病，如卵巢腫瘤、子宮內(nèi)膜癌、胎盤植入等。通過(guò)穿刺活檢技術(shù)，可以明確病變性質(zhì)，為制定治療方案提供依據(jù)。超聲引導(dǎo)下穿刺活檢技術(shù)03宮腔鏡檢查與操作技巧異常子宮出血、宮腔粘連、宮腔異物、子宮畸形、子宮內(nèi)膜息肉、子宮肌瘤等。適應(yīng)癥急性生殖道感染、心肝腎衰竭急性期、近期有子宮穿孔或子宮手術(shù)史等。禁忌癥宮腔鏡檢查適應(yīng)癥和禁忌癥術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備操作步驟術(shù)后處理宮腔鏡檢查操作流程規(guī)范麻醉與鎮(zhèn)痛，擴(kuò)張宮頸，置入宮腔鏡，觀察宮腔形態(tài)及病變，采集圖像，退出宮腔鏡。觀察患者生命體征，給予抗生素預(yù)防感染，交代術(shù)后注意事項(xiàng)?；颊邷?zhǔn)備（如清潔灌腸、術(shù)前用藥等），設(shè)備準(zhǔn)備（宮腔鏡及相關(guān)器械消毒、檢查等）。并發(fā)癥預(yù)防與處理措施并發(fā)癥預(yù)防嚴(yán)格掌握適應(yīng)癥和禁忌癥，規(guī)范操作流程，加強(qiáng)無(wú)菌操作觀念。處理措施對(duì)于可能出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥如出血、感染、子宮穿孔等，應(yīng)制定相應(yīng)的處理預(yù)案，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并處理。01020304手術(shù)適應(yīng)癥手術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)手術(shù)步驟術(shù)后處理宮腔鏡手術(shù)治療簡(jiǎn)介麻醉與鎮(zhèn)痛，擴(kuò)張宮頸，置入宮腔鏡觀察病變，使用電切環(huán)等器械切除病變zu織，退出宮腔鏡。微創(chuàng)、恢復(fù)快、住院時(shí)間短、保留子宮等。子宮內(nèi)膜息肉、子宮黏膜下肌瘤、部分影響宮腔形態(tài)的肌壁間肌瘤、宮腔粘連等。觀察患者生命體征，給予抗生素預(yù)防感染，交代術(shù)后注意事項(xiàng)，定期隨訪復(fù)查。04腹腔鏡在婦產(chǎn)科應(yīng)用不孕癥、盆腔包塊、子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥、子宮肌瘤等疾病的診斷和治療。適應(yīng)癥嚴(yán)重心肺功能不全、凝血功能障礙、盆腹腔巨大腫塊等患者不宜進(jìn)行腹腔鏡檢查。禁忌癥腹腔鏡檢查適應(yīng)癥和禁忌癥準(zhǔn)確建立氣腹通過(guò)閉合式或開(kāi)放式方法建立氣腹，維持適當(dāng)?shù)母箖?nèi)壓。精準(zhǔn)操作利用腹腔鏡及相關(guān)器械進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)操作，如分離粘連、切除病變組織等。止血技巧采用電凝、縫合等方法進(jìn)行有效止血。腹腔鏡下手術(shù)治療技巧展示并發(fā)癥預(yù)防嚴(yán)格掌握手術(shù)適應(yīng)癥和禁忌癥，規(guī)范手術(shù)操作，加強(qiáng)術(shù)后護(hù)理。處理措施對(duì)于可能出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥如出血、感染等，應(yīng)及時(shí)采取相應(yīng)措施進(jìn)行處理。并發(fā)癥預(yù)防與處理措施VS腹腔鏡可用于輔助生殖技術(shù)中的診斷和治療，如輸卵管通液、卵巢打孔等。優(yōu)勢(shì)腹腔鏡具有創(chuàng)傷小、恢復(fù)快、并發(fā)癥少等優(yōu)勢(shì)，在輔助生殖技術(shù)中發(fā)揮著重要作用。同時(shí)，通過(guò)腹腔鏡檢查可以評(píng)估患者盆腔情況，為制定個(gè)性化的輔助生殖方案提供依據(jù)。輔助生殖技術(shù)腹腔鏡在輔助生殖技術(shù)中應(yīng)用05核磁共振成像在婦產(chǎn)科應(yīng)用010203核磁共振成像原理核磁共振設(shè)備核磁共振成像優(yōu)點(diǎn)核磁共振成像原理及設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)介利用原子核在磁場(chǎng)中的共振現(xiàn)象，獲取物體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)信息。包括磁體、梯度線圈、射頻線圈、計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)等。無(wú)輻射、高分辨率、多參數(shù)成像等。婦科常見(jiàn)疾病核磁共振檢查方法子宮肌瘤采用T2加權(quán)像，顯示肌瘤與正常肌層信號(hào)差異。子宮內(nèi)膜癌觀察子宮內(nèi)膜厚度、信號(hào)異常及肌層浸潤(rùn)情況。卵巢腫瘤判斷腫瘤大小、位置、性質(zhì)及與周圍zu織關(guān)系。123評(píng)估胎盤與子宮肌層的關(guān)系，判斷植入程度。胎盤植入觀察胎兒腦部、脊柱、胸腹腔等發(fā)育情況。胎兒先天性畸形如妊娠期高血壓綜合征、胎盤早剝等的診斷。妊娠期并發(fā)癥產(chǎn)科常見(jiàn)疾病核磁共振檢查方法在核磁共振成像