新高考英語二輪復習題型專練16 閱讀理解之詞義猜測題(原卷版)

高考英語二輪復習題型專練（新高考）16閱讀理解之詞義猜測題【考試方向】詞義猜測是英語應用能力使用的重要體現(xiàn)，也是高考必考的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。考生應學會通過構(gòu)詞、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義?！久}趨勢】1.要求根據(jù)閱讀材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學生應有的常識和經(jīng)驗，正確判斷生詞詞組的含義或成熟詞 在特定語境中表達的具體含義以及一些句子的意思。2.要求猜測詞義的詞一般為實詞及其詞組，通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定詞 義的具體內(nèi)容。3.代詞復指理解題也是猜測詞義的?？碱愋汀Ｓ茫⑦壿嬯P系梳理法＂、＂遞向?qū)ほ櫡ǎ⒗砬迦宋锛笆挛?之間的邏輯關系是關鍵所在?！驹O問形式】1.Theunderlinedword“…”inthesecond(third…)paragraphrefersto(means)______.2.Bysayingthat“…”inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.3.Inparagraph…,“…”canbereplacedby“______”.4.Themeaningof“…”inparagraph…isrelatedto______.5.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…(paragraph…)?6.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.【答題技巧】對此類試題，考生應該進行大膽猜測，但這種猜測不是胡亂的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。下面介紹幾種常見的猜測詞義的方法供同學們加以運用。1.相似法利用同義詞、近義詞（詞組）或相似的結(jié)構(gòu)猜測詞義。在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。統(tǒng)稱在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，這些詞語或短語在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此確定同等關系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2020·全國卷III）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(動作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.5.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.6.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D.Theperformanceofrealapes.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.TheycouldbetradedillegallyD.Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.A【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了電影“猩球崛起”上個月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時，沒有使用真的類人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動物拍攝使用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造技術，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個非盈利的組織密切關注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監(jiān)測到的。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動人士來到現(xiàn)場，手里拿著一塊牌子，稱贊電影制作人:“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動物保護者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項。6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(動作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).”可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團隊利用動作捕捉技術創(chuàng)造數(shù)字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的技術上，花費數(shù)千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產(chǎn)生最終的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是關于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B項。7.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一個非營利組織，監(jiān)控動物在電影娛樂中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（許多電影,包括“大象的眼淚”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理員”,引起了動物保護人士的憤怒，他們說影片中的動物沒有遭到很好的對待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動物待遇的非營利組織，今年正密切關注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“密切關注”。故選D項。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.”（在某些情況下，讓活動人士擔心的并不是電影棚里對動物的待遇;讓人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。還有一些關于在美國以外拍攝的電影的問題，這些電影有時不像在美國拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴密的監(jiān)控。）可知，在某些情況下，讓活動人士擔心的并不是工作室里動物的待遇;令人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。由此判斷出動物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項。2.對比法利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關系的詞（組）猜測詞義。對比是描述，說明事物的常用方式。在對比中，對比的事物是互為相反的，因此根據(jù)反義或?qū)Ρ汝P系可從已知推出未知。利用反義詞來說明生詞的意義，如反義詞hotandcold,perfectandimperfect，甚至前、后句為肯定與否定或是與不是等，在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間，在段內(nèi)句與句之間的關系上起著互為線索的作用。表示對比的信號詞有yet,but,while,though,however,otherwise,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,foronething...foranotherthing,insteadof等?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2020·全國卷I）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?13.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand. D.Eatingbehavior.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.15.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.16.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare. B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers. D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.【答案】13.D14.D15.A16.C【分析】本文是說明文。最近的研究表明：我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。文章詳述了這個實驗的過程。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake”可知，根據(jù)消費者研究雜志最近的一項研究，我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。因此這項研究是關于飲食行為的。故選D。14.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，現(xiàn)有的研究認為：你應該避免和體重較重、點大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認為，你真正應該避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推斷出，畫線詞和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，結(jié)合選項，D選項（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故選D。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，為了測試社會影響對飲食習慣的影響，研究人員進行了兩個實驗。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，在兩個實驗中，胖的和瘦的演員都吃了大量的食物。參與者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，當演員是瘦的時候，參與者們服用的食物更多。由此推斷，研究人員雇用演員是為了看看她如何影響參與者。故選A。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?”可知，如果一個超重的人吃很大一份，我會忍住一點，因為我看到了他飲食習慣的結(jié)果。但如果一個瘦的人吃很多，我會跟著做。如果他吃得多保持苗條，為什么我不能呢？因此推斷我們是根據(jù)我們對他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）來調(diào)整影響的。故選C。3.釋義法有些文章，特別是科技文章，通常會對一些關鍵詞給予定義，我們可以利用定義來猜測這些詞的意思。釋義法就是根據(jù)文章中的字里行間，對生詞以定語（從句）、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明的方式。常見的詞有：mean,thatis,inotherwords,forexample,forinstance,suchas...【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020·全國卷II）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避風港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盜版行為)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.9.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.11.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.12.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】9.C10.B11.C12.D【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者是一個熱情的讀者，孩提時熱衷讀書，第一份工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去。作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣傳圖書館。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我一直是一個熱情的讀者，孩提時，有時候每天讀多達三本書。故事對我來說就像空氣，而其他孩子則打球或參加聚會。我通過從圖書館借閱來的書籍經(jīng)歷冒險)可推斷，作者小時候與書是密不可分的。故選C。10.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我長大了成了一位母親，結(jié)合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有幾個孩子，書是我們娛樂的主要來源。對于我們來說，坐上車去當?shù)氐膱D書館是件大事，在那里我的孩子們可以挑選要閱讀的書或者想讓我給他們讀的書)可推斷，作者成了母親以后，帶著孩子去圖書館，孩子挑選書籍來閱讀，或者作者讀給他們聽，因此可知圖書館在作者的生活中又增添了新的意義，閱讀的樂趣在家庭中代代相傳”。故選B。11.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我認為所有的作家都應該在他們可以的時候以有意義的方式支持圖書館。鼓勵讀者使用圖書館。在社交媒體上分享圖書館公告?？梢缘臅r候常去圖書館，談論圖書館)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家們支持圖書館。故選C。12.主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，文章講述了作者是一名熱情地讀者，孩提時喜歡閱讀，工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去，作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣傳圖書館。因此推斷全文圍繞“作者對圖書館的愛”展開講述。故D項“我對圖書館的愛”為最佳標題。故選D。4.語境推斷法任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點。1.根據(jù)對比關系猜測詞義在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據(jù)生詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。表示對比關系的詞匯和短語主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等。表示對比關系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：while引導的并列句。例如：Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂hassle＂(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests根據(jù)對比關系，這里hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意義，很容易判斷理解題的答案為C。2.根據(jù)比較關系猜測詞義同對比關系相反，比較關系表示意義上的相似關系。表示比較關系的詞和短語主要有：similarly,like,justas,also,aswellas等。例如：Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.該句中副詞similarly表明短語lovestotalk和loquacious之間的比較關系，其意義相近。由此我們可推斷出loquacious的意思是＂健談的＂。3.根據(jù)因果關系猜測詞義在句子或段落中，若兩個事物現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關系推測生詞詞義。例如：Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.Theword＂presumptuous＂inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto＂__________＂.A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet根據(jù)since引導的原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我們可以推斷這里presumptuous的意思是：＂冒失的，放肆的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告訴你怎么做會是一種放肆/冒失的行為。對應的理解題答案為：B。Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots,oryoungleaves.根據(jù)原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容，我們可以判斷Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（樹枝等）＂的意思。4.根據(jù)同義、近義、并列、替代、說明等關系猜測詞義在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據(jù)語言環(huán)境所表示的關系推斷生詞詞義。例如：WilliamShakespearesaid.＂Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（紗線），goodandilltogether.＂Theunderlinedword＂mingled＂inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy句中goodandilltogether更具體地說明了amingledyarn的意義，據(jù)此我們不難推測mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交織的＂，答案是：B。Isitpossibletobeathighbloodpressurewithoutdrugs?Theansweris＂yes＂,accordingtotheresearchersatJohnsHopkinsandthreeothermedicalcenters.根據(jù)andthreeothermedicalcenters這種并列關系，我們很容易推斷出：JohnsHopkins是一家醫(yī)療中心?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2020·全國卷I）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.1.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends'invitation. B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching. D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter. D.Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個快速觀察。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry.hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，幾年后，Bissell仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關于咸海消失的文章。因此推斷出對這個國家的興趣讓Bissell先生再次返回烏茲別克斯坦。故選B。2.詞句猜測題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代寫了一篇關于咸海消失的文章這件事，根據(jù)第一段最后一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(幾年后，仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段”ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在烏茲別克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既體會到了友善和溫暖，也看到了社會的黑暗面。在撒馬爾罕，MrBissell欣賞到了的建筑奇觀。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因為被懷疑進行毒品交易，他嘗到了警察的伎倆。在費爾干納，他參加了一個山區(qū)葬禮，然后參加了一個奇怪的酒會。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在數(shù)英里外的漁船而難過。由此可知，在旅途中，他經(jīng)歷了很多事情。結(jié)合選項，B選項(充滿事件的，多事的)可以表達此意。故選B。4.推理判斷題。文章第一段提到書的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫的書，接下來三段講述了他的書《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》的故事內(nèi)容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個快速觀察。因此推斷本文的寫作目的是介紹一本書。故選A。5.構(gòu)詞推斷法閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。掌握構(gòu)詞法對猜測詞義很有幫助。如：unforeseeable.這個詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞根，fore是“先，前，預”的含義，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能預見到的”意思。1.根據(jù)前綴猜測詞義例如：Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?根據(jù)詞根educational（教育的），結(jié)合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。2.根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義例如：It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland'smostsoutherlypoint.后綴-ise/ize意思是＂使成為…；使…化＂，結(jié)合詞根commercial（商業(yè)的），不難猜出uncommercialized的意思是：＂未被商業(yè)化的＂。3.根據(jù)復合詞的各部分猜測詞義例如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（別扭的）handpositions.Well-designed或許是個生詞，但我們分析該詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后，就能推測出其含義。它由well（好，優(yōu)秀）和design（設計）兩部分組成，合在一起便是＂設計精巧的＂意思。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostpeoplethatcraft(手藝)nolongerexists.根據(jù)合成詞中的mass（大量的）和produce（生產(chǎn)），我們可以推測mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生產(chǎn)；規(guī)模生產(chǎn)＂的意思。例如：…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】運用“構(gòu)詞法”進行猜測。動詞詞組comeout的意義為“露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出”。再根據(jù)句子的語境，可猜測出其意義是：(實驗的)結(jié)果?！绢}型演練】1Oneperiodofourliveswhenbetterresultsaredemandedofusis,strangelyenough,childhood.Despitebeingyoungweareexpectedtoachievegoodgrades,stayoutoftrouble,makefriendsatschool,dowellontests,performchores(家務事)athomeandsoon.It’snoteasy.Thegoodnewsisthatbeinglikeablecanhelpachildperformbetter.Likeablechildrenenjoymanyadvantages,includingtheabilitytocopemoreeasilywithstressesofgrowingup.InherbookUnderstandingChildStress,Dr.CarolynLeonardstatesthatchildrenwhoarelikeableandoptimisticareabletogainsupportfromothers.Thisleadstofocusandresilience(適應力),theabilitytorecoverfromoradjustearlytolifestress;achildwhohasadequateemotionalarmorcancontinuedownthepathtosuccess.Muchresearchshowsthatresiliencehasenabledchildrentosucceedinschool,avoiddrugabuse,anddevelopahealthyself-awareness.Whydoesalikeablechildmoreeasilyhandlestressanddobetterinhisorherlife?Becauselikeabilityhelpscreatewhat’sknownasapositivefeedbackloop(回饋圈).Thepositivefeelingsyouwanttoseeinotherpeoplearereturnedtoyou,creatingconstantencouragementandmotivation,todealwiththedailystressoflife.Thisfeedbackloopcontinuesintoadulthood.Toreturnonceagaintotheexampleofteaching,learningbecomeseasierwithalikeablepersonality.MichaelDeluecchioftheUniversityofHawaiirevieweddozensofstudiestodetermineiflikeableteachersreceivedgoodratingsbecauseoftheirlikeabilityorbecausetheyinfacttaughtwell.Deluecchifoundthat“studentswhoperceiveateacheraslikeable,incontrasttothosewhodonot,maybemoreattentivetotheinformationthattheteacherdelivers,andthey’llworkharderonassignments,andtheywilllearnmore”.Youmayhavenoticedthispatterninyourownlifewhenyoutrytogivesomeadvice.Themorepositiveyourrelationshipwiththatperson,themoreheorsheseemstolisten,andthemoreyoufeelcertainthatthatpersonhasheardyouandintendstoactonyourwords.1.Thewriterimpliesinthefirstparagraphthat________.A.childrenareexpectedmorethanweusuallythinkB.lifeisnoteasyforeveryoneofusC.bettereducationresultsinsmarterchildrenD.tobealikeablechildisalmostimpossible2.AccordingtoDr.Leonard,likeablechildren________.A.cancopemoreeasilywithstressindependentlyB.knowhowtoavoidtroubleandunpleasanteventsC.arealwaysoptimisticandreadytohelpthoseinneedD.canachievemoreandunderstandthemselvesbetter3.Theterm“emotionalarmor”inParagraph3means________.A.mentalsupportfromfriends B.mentalsupportfromadultsC.failuresinlife D.abilitytohandlelifestress4.ThemainpurposeofthestudiesdonebyMichaelDelucchiistofind________.A.ifalikeableteacherhasapositivepersonalityB.ifalikeableteacherdrawsmoreattentionC.howateacher’slikeabilitygainspopularityD.howalikeableteacher’steachingstyleisformed5.Thepassageaimsatprovingthat________.A.likeablepeopledobetterinlifegenerallyB.likeablepeopledobetterintheirchildhoodC.socialcreaturesenjoyfeweradvantagesD.likeablepeoplegivebetteradvice2Didyouknowthatthecolorofuniformscaninfluencetheperformanceofanathlete?Itmaysoundstrange,butastudysuggeststhismightbetrue.TwoBritishscientistsstudiedtheresultsoffoursportsinthe2004AthensOlympicGameswheretheathleteshadbeengiveneitheraredorablueuniform.Theydiscoveredthatwhentherewasabigdifferenceinthescore,colorhadnoinfluenceontheresult.Butifitwasaclosematch,theathleteinareduniformwasmorelikelytowin.ThentheylookedattheuniformsofthesoccerteamsattheEuro2004tournament(錦標賽).Again,teamswearingredwonmoregames.Thetwoscientistsgottheirideafromearlierstudiesofwildanimals.Ithadbeendiscoveredthatwhenamaleshowsredonitsbody,itsendsasignalofitspowerandstrength.Forexample,inmanykindsofmonkey,themorethemaleshowsoffitsredscars(傷疤),themorefemalesitcanattract.Basedonthisfact,theBritishscientiststhoughtthattheideamightworkforhumans,too.Accordingtothem,whenanathleteseesacompetitorinareduniform,hegetsafeelingthathecouldn’tbestrongerthanhiscompetitor.Andthatkindoffeelingmayhaveabadinfluenceontheplayer’sperformanceintheactualgame.Althoughtheideaisinteresting,mostpeopledon’tacceptthatcolorsignalsintheanimalworldcanreallybeusefultohumansinsports.Theythinkthatitisunreasonabletodevelopanideabasedonsuchasmallnumberofexamples.Muchmoreresearchhastobedonetoprovetheinfluenceofuniformcolorsontheperformanceofathletes.6.Whatdidthescientistsfindoutaboutthe2004AthensOlympicGames?A.Athletesdressedinredscoredmoreinaclosematch.B.Gameresultshadabiginfluenceontheathletes.C.Athletesplayedequallywellinfoursports.D.Therewasabigdifferenceinredandblueteams’scores.7.Theunderlinedpart“thatkindoffeeling”inthetextreferstoafeelingof.A.danger B.shame C.pride D.weakness8.Whatismostpeople’sattitudetowardsthescientists’idea?A.Interested. B.Doubtful C.Satisfied D.Grateful.3Alargenumberofpeoplewanttogrowtheirowngarden,buttheysimplydonothavetheroom.Donotworry.Thereisasolution.Considercontainergardening.Thegreatthingaboutcontainergardeningisthatyoucanuseavarietyofdifferentcontainers.Yousimplyhavetouseyourimagination.Youcouldcreateabeautifulgardenwiththingssuchascementblocks,hangingbaskets,claypots,orwindowboxes.Therearesomanyoptionswhenitcomestocontainergardening;itisonlylimitedbyyourimagination.Ofcourse,youwillwanttotakethefollowingintoconsiderationwhenyouarereadytobegincontainergardening,inorderforittobesuccessful.First,youshouldavoidanycontainersthathavebeenusedtostorechemicals,aswellastreatedwood.Thiscouldleadtothesuddendeathofyourflowersandleadtothefailureofyourcontainergardening.Withanycontainerthatyouchoose,youneedtoensurethatitallowsthewaterinittodrainwhennecessary.Soitmaybeimportantforyoutocreateholesinthecontainertohelpthisalong.Youshouldalsomake