2024-2025學年新教材高中英語Unit2Naturaldisasters教學知識細解碼學案含解析牛津譯林版必修第三冊

PAGEUnit2Naturaldisasters依據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1．injurevt.損害，使受傷；損害→injuryn．損害；損害→injuredadj.受傷的；受損害的2．reactvi.反應；作出反應→reactionn．反應，回應；抗拒；化學反應3．ordern．吩咐；依次；規(guī)則→orderlyadj.有秩序的；有條理的，整齊的4．confirmvt.證明，確認；使確信；批準→confirmationn．確認，證明5．occurvi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于→occurrencen．發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)6．reliefn．寬慰，輕松；減輕，消退；救濟→relievev．減輕；解除；使放心7．informvt.通知；了解，熟識→informationn．信息；學問；情報→informedadj.見多識廣的；消息靈通的1．signalvi.&vt.發(fā)信號，示意；標記n．信號，暗號；標記；信號燈①Thisannouncementsignalledaclearchangeofpolicy.vt.預示；表明②Chestpainscanbeawarningsignalofheartproblems.n.信號③Shesignalled(that)itwastimetoleave.vi.示意2．exitvi.&vt.出去，離去，退場；退出n．出口，通道；離開①Thereisafireexitoneachfloorofthebuilding.n.出口；通道②Hemadeaquickexittoavoidmeetingher.vi.離去，退場③Astheactorsexitedthestagethelightswenton.vt.退場，離去3．floodn．洪水，水災；大量vi.&vt.沉沒，泛濫；大量涌入；流滿①Theheavyrainhascausedfloodsinmanypartsofthecountry.n.洪水，水災②Largenumbersofimmigrantsfloodedintothearea.vi.涌入③Ifthepipeburstsitcouldfloodthewholehouse.vt.沉沒④There'sbeenafloodoflow-fatandlighticecreamsonthemarket.n.大量WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學問要點1)injurevt.損害，使受傷；損害(教材P16)Only5studentssufferedslightinjuries，despitethecurrentfiguresof7killedandover200injuredinthedisasterareaatlarge.盡管目前整個災區(qū)總體的傷亡數(shù)字是7人死亡，200多人受傷，但(在這所學校)只有5名學生受了輕傷。[例1]Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.他們當中三分之二的人在地震中或死或傷。[例2]Heinjuredhiskneeplayinghockey.他打曲棍球時膝蓋受傷。[造句]撞車事故中有三人死亡，五人受傷。Threepeoplewerekilledandfiveinjuredinthecrash.[歸納拓展](1)injuredadj.受傷的theinjured受傷的人；傷員(2)injuryn.(對軀體的)損害，損傷；(對感情的)損害，挫傷doaninjurytosb.＝dosb.aninjury損害某人[即學即練]單句語法填空①Iheardthathersonwasinjured(injure)intheaccident.②Don'tdothat.You'lldoyourselfaninjury(injure).③Tomisplayinginplaceoftheinjured(injure)John.[易混辨析]injure，wound，hurt，harminjure指人在意外事故中受到的損害，可用于無生命物體的損壞，更多用于對人的某個部位的損傷。wound指利器或子彈對肉體造成的損害，是出血的、嚴峻的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場上的受傷。hurt指一般的肉體損害，尤指精神上或感情上的損害。此外hurt也可用作不及物動詞，意為“受傷”。harm特指傷及一個人或其心情、健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等，并使之產(chǎn)生苦痛、損害或某種不幸遭受。[選詞填空]injure，wound，hurt，harm④YoureallyhurtmewhenyousaidIwasselfish.⑤Inthetrafficaccidenttenwerekilledandeightwereinjured.⑥D(zhuǎn)on'tharmyoureyesbyreadinginpoorlight.⑦Luckilynoonegotwoundedinthebattle.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點2)reactionn．反應，回應；抗拒；化學反應(教材P16)Herstudents'reactionwasquickandcorrect―theymovedundertheirdesks，headfirst，andheldontothelegsofthedesks.她的學生們反應快速、正確——他們頭朝里，爬到課桌下面，并緊緊抓住桌腿。[例1]Therehasbeenamixedreactiontoherappointmentasdirector.對她任命為主管一事，人們的反應褒貶不一。[例2]Itriedshakinghimbuttherewasnoreaction.我試著搖了搖他，但他紋絲不動。[造句]他對這消息有何反應？Whatwashisreactiontothenews?[歸納拓展]reacttosth. 對……作出反應reactbydoingsth. 以……方式作出反應reactagainst 反對，抗拒reactwith 與……起化學反應[即學即練]單句語法填空①Hewasalittleafraidofhisfather'sreaction(react).②Ironreactswithwaterandairtoproducerust.③Theboyoftenreactsagainsthisparents.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點3)signalvi.&vt.發(fā)信號，示意；標記n.信號，暗號；信號燈；標記(教材P16)Shesignalledtoherstudentstoexittheclassroominanorderlylinecoveringtheirheadswiththeirhands.她示意學生們抱著頭，排好隊，有序離開教室。[例1]ShesignalledtoTedthatshewasmovingforward.她向特德示意她要向前走。[例2]Kurdishleaderssawthevisitasanimportantsignalofsupport.庫爾德領導人把這次訪問看作是表示支持的重要信號。[造句]他示意該走了。Hesignalledthatitwastimetoleave.[歸納拓展]adanger/warningsignal 危急/警告信號trafficsignals 交通信號燈signal(to)sb.todosth. 示意某人做某事signaltosb. 向某人示意signal(sb.)that... 示意(某人)……[即學即練]單句語法填空①Theguardseemstobesignallingtouswithhisarm.②Thepolicemansignalledustocross(cross)theroad.③Tomturnedleftatthetrafficsignals(signal).④Thegentlemansignalledtomewithasmile.[易混辨析]signal，sign，symbol，marksignal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號。sign表示“告示，標記”時，側(cè)重指用圖形、文字等所表達的內(nèi)容，另外還可指“征兆，跡象”。symbol指象征或表達某種深邃意蘊的特別事物。mark一般用詞，含義廣泛。既可指為便于分辨而有意做的標記，又可指自然形成的標記或有別于其他事物的特征，還可以指污點、污漬、分數(shù)、成果等。[選詞填空]signal，sign，symbol，mark⑤Heignoredthetrafficsignalsandcausedtheaccident.⑥Sir，youarenotallowedtowalkyourpetonthelawn.Don'tyouseethesign“Keepoffthegrass”？⑦Thedoveisthesymbolofpeace.⑧Everycoatintheshophasapricemarksewnonit.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點4)confirmvt.證明，確認；使確信；批準(教材P16)Afterarollcallconfirmedthatallweresafeandsound，theyrelaxed，laughing，cryingandhuggingeachother.點名確認全部人都安穩(wěn)無恙后，他們才放松下來，笑啊，哭啊，相互擁抱著。[例1]Haseveryoneconfirmed(that)they'recoming?他們是不是每個人都確認肯定會來？[例2]Thewalkinthemountainsconfirmedhisfearofheights.在山里步行使他更加確信自己有恐高癥。[造句]你能證明一下發(fā)生了什么事嗎？Canyouconfirmwhathappened?[歸納拓展]confirmsb.in... 使某人在……方面更加堅決confirmsb.inthebeliefthat... 使某人堅信……Itis/hasbeenconfirmedthat... 已經(jīng)確定……[即學即練]單句語法填空①Ithasbeenconfirmed(confirm)thathewasn'tthepersonwhostoleyourbike.②Mr.Roberts，mayIhaveyourtelephonenumbertoconfirm(confirm)theappointmenttomorrowevening?③Thislatestinformationconfirms(confirm)meinthebeliefthatheistoblame.④Thelatestevidenceconfirmedmeinhishonesty.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點5)occurvi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于(教材P17)Itimmediatelyoccurredtoherthattheseweresignsofanapproachingtsunami.她馬上意識到這是海嘯來臨的征兆。[例1]Whenexactlydidtheincidentoccur?這一事務原委是什么時候發(fā)生的？[例2]Ifheadachesonlyoccuratnight，lackoffreshairandoxygenisoftenthecause.假如頭痛只發(fā)生在晚上，缺少簇新空氣和氧氣經(jīng)常是其緣由。[造句]我沒想到要核對我的保險單。Itdidnotoccurtometocheckmyinsurancepolicy.[歸納拓展](1)occurtosb. 某人突然想到；想起Itoccurstosb.that.../todo... 某人突然想到……(2)表示“某人突然想到……”還常用下列句型：Itstrikessb.that...Ithitssb.that...[名師點津]occur沒有被動語態(tài)，不用于進行時。occur作謂語時，主語不能是人。[即學即練]單句語法填空①Anexcellentideaoccurred(occur)tomewhenIwokeupthismorning.②Itdidn'toccurtohertoask(ask)forhelp.③Itdidn'toccurtohimthatshewouldrefusehisinvitation.④Thiskindofdiseaseoccurred(occur)mainlyinthecountrysideinthepast.[小片段助記]Itdidn'toccurtohimthathiswifewashavinganaffair.Suddenly，aquestionoccurredtohim，“Whendiditoccur?Andwhy？”Itoccurredtohimtobreakupwithher.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點6)reliefn．寬慰，輕松；減輕，消退；救濟(教材P17)Tohergreatrelief，theofficerimmediatelyrealizedthecomingdanger.令她大為寬慰的是，這名官員馬上意識到了即將到來的危急。[例1]Weallbreathedasighofreliefwhenheleft.他走了以后，我們大家都如釋重負地松了口氣。[例2]Muchtomyreliefthecarwasnotdamaged.令我特別慶幸的是車并沒有被損壞。[造句]能和別人談談這件事，感到舒心多了。Itwasarelieftobeabletotalktosomeoneaboutit.[歸納拓展](1)toone's(great)relief 使某人(大為)欣慰的是Whatarelief! 可輕松了！Itisarelieftodosth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。(2)relievev. (難受、問題)減輕，緩解relievesb.of... 解除某人……的負擔[即學即練]單句語法填空①Itisagreatrelieftohave(have)rainafteralongtimeofdrought.②Thedoctor'streatmentgavenorelief(relieve)tothepatient.③ToMac'srelief，theanimalfellback，shakingitshead.④Youmayaskyourdaughtertorelieveyouofsomehousework.[小片段助記]Whatarelief!Thenewsecretaryrelievedusofsomeofthepaperwork，soIbreathedasighofrelief.Muchtomyrelief，Iwasrelievedofworkstress.eq\a\vs4\al(學問要點7)informvt.通知；了解，熟識(教材P19)Remembertoinformyourselfofwhatisgoingon.記住要了解事態(tài)的進展。[例1]Ihavebeenreliablyinformedthatthecouplewillmarrynextyear.我得到牢靠消息說他們倆明年結(jié)婚。[例2]Weneedtimetoinformourselvesthoroughlyoftheproblem.我們須要時間對這個問題有個透徹的了解。[造句]他們將把自己所取得的任何進展都告知他。Theywouldinformhimofanyprogresstheyhadmade.[歸納拓展](1)informsb.of/aboutsth. 告知某人某事informsb.that... 通知某人……keeprmedof 隨時告知某人……(2)informationn. [U]信息[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thankyouforkeepingmeinformed(inform)ofeverythingthat'shappening.②ThemanoftensurfstheInternettosearchforsomeinformation(inform).③Havingbeeninformed(inform)manytimes，hestillforgotthemeeting.④Didanyoneinformyouabout/ofthechangeoftheplan?SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)when用作并列連詞(教材P16)AliceBrown，headteacheratFalmontPrimarySchool，wasteachingwhenthefloorbegantoshake.弗爾蒙特小學的校長愛麗絲·布朗正在上課，突然地板起先搖擺起來。[句式分析]句中用了“bedoing...when...”這一固定句式，意為“正在做某事，這時……”。句中的when是并列連詞，意為“就在那時”。相當于andthen或andatthesametime。[例1]Newtonwasthinkingaboutthequestionwhenanapplefelltotheground.牛頓正在思索著這個問題，這時(突然)一個蘋果落到地上。[例2]Hewassleepingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.他正在睡覺，突然有人敲門。[造句]我正想著這件事，突然聽到有人叫我的名字。IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.[歸納拓展]when作并列連詞時常用于以下句型中：(1)bedoing...when...正在做……這時……(2)beabouttodo...when...＝beonthepointofdoing...when.../begoingtodo...when...剛要做……這時……(3)hadhardlydone...when...剛做了……這時……[翻譯]①Iwaslyingonmyback(我正仰臥著)readingwhenIsawasnake.②Wehadbeenasleepforonlyafewhours(我們剛睡了幾個小時)whenweheardabriskknockonthebedroomdoor.[即學即練]單句語法填空①Hewasonthepointofleavingwhensomeoneknockedatthegate.②Iwaswandering(wander)throughthestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.③Wewereabouttostart(start)whenitbegantorain.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)themoment引導時間狀語從句(教材P16)Themomenttheshakingstopped，MissBrownsenseditwasthebesttimefortheclasstomaketheirescape.振動一停止，布朗小姐就感覺到這是全班同學逃跑的最佳時機。[句式分析]本句中用了themoment引導的時間狀語從句，意為“一……就……”。[例1]ThemomentIwentin，Kateletoutacryofsurprise.我一進去，凱特就驚異地叫了一聲。[例2]Don'tgetexcitedthemomentyouhearacriticism.不要一聽到指責就沉不住氣。[造句]我一遇到他，他就企圖向我借錢。ThemomentImethim，hetriedtoborrowmoneyfromme.[歸納拓展]表示“一……就……”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：①on/upon＋n./doingsth.②immediately/directly/once＋從句③theminute/themoment/theinstant＋從句④hardly...when...；nosooner...than...[名師點津]當hardly和nosooner放在句首的時候，主句通常用部分倒裝形式。主句常用過去完成時，從句常用一般過去時。[翻譯]①On/Uponourarrival(一到達)，wewereshownaroundthecompany.②Hardlyhadwebeguntheclimb(我們剛一起先爬山)whenthesnowbegantocomedown.[即學即練]單句語法填空①Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.②Uponreturning(return)fromBeijing，hebeganhisresearchwork.③Ifellinlovewiththiscitydirectly(direct)Isawit.④Immediately(immediate)she'dgone，Irememberedhername.1．(教材P16)Afterarollcallconfirmedthatallweresafeandsound，theyrelaxed，laughing，cryingandhuggingeachother.[分析]此句為主從復合句。after引導時間狀語從句，其中，thatallweresafeandsound為賓語從句；主句為“theyrelaxed”，現(xiàn)在分詞短語“l(fā)aughing，cryingandhuggingeachother”作伴隨狀語。[譯文]點名確認全部人都安穩(wěn)無恙后，他們才放松下來，笑啊，哭啊，相互擁抱著。2．(教材P17)GoldshoreBeachwastheonlylocalbeachtosurvivethedisasterwithoutanylossoflife.[分析]此句為簡潔句。tosurvivethedisasterwithoutanylossoflife為動詞不定式作后置定語，修飾名詞短語theonlylocalbeach。[譯文]在這場災難中，金海岸是當?shù)匚ㄒ粵]有人員傷亡的海灘。3．(教材P17)However，Sabrinawascertainthataterribledisasterwasonitswayandkeptaskingherparentstotalktoasafetyofficer.[分析]此句為主從復合句。其中that引導賓語從句。[譯文]然而，薩布麗娜確信可怕的災難即將來臨，堅持要父母去找平安官員談談。教材高考1.Herstudents'reactionwasquickandcorrect―theymovedundertheirdesks，headfirst，andheldontothelegsofthedesks.(2024·浙江卷)Inthepast，therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads，saysMarkPoch，theBellevueTransportationDepartment'strafficengineeringmanager.2.Afterarollcallconfirmedthatallweresafeandsound，theyrelaxed，laughing，cryingandhuggingeachother.(2024·江蘇卷)Thedailynumberofnewlycuredanddischarged(出院)patientsexceededthatofthenewlyconfirmedcases.3.Remembertoinformyourselfofwhatisgoingon.(2024·天津卷)Oncethebookyou'verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch，theywillinformyoubye-mail，soyoucanpickitup.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Anumberofbombshaveexploded，seriouslyinjuring(injure)atleastfivepeople.2．Shereactedbyturningherbackonhim.3．Hesignalledtoustojoin(join)him.4．Ithasbeenconfirmedthatthesingerwillgiveaperformancenextweek.5．Itoccurred(occur)tomethatIcouldbuymymotheranewcoatonherbirthday.6．Mr.Johnsoninsistedthattheproblem(should)bediscussed(discuss)atthemeeting.7．Wearekeptinformed(inform)ofwhatishappeningintheworldbyreadingnewspapersandwatchingTV.8．Ican'tgooutwithallthesedishestowash(wash).9．ThemomenthereturnedfromEurope，hesetouttowork.10．Tomygreatrelief，theyarrivedhomeontime.Ⅱ.短語填空atlarge；atthesametime；holdonto；incase；safeandsound；aseriesof；occurto；keepone'shead；toone'sgreatrelief；rmedof1．Tomygreatrelief，Ipassedthefinalexam.2．Pleasekeepmeinformedofanydevelopments.3．Trytokeepyourheadandjusttellmewhathappened.4．Atlastheacceptedtheopinionofthepublicatlarge．5．Happily，allhavereturnedsafeandsound．6．Itoldhimhowwehadfoughttoholdontothecompany.7．It'simpossibletogeteverybodytogetheratthesametime．8．Incaseyoushouldneedanyhelp，here'smynumber.9．Inaflash，itoccurredtohimthathehadlefthisumbrellainthemeetingroom.10．RecentlyTomha