初三英語語法講解 人教版 朗文-閱讀

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載初三英語語法講解一.本周教學內(nèi)容：語法講解名詞名詞可以分為專有名詞（ProperNouns）和普通名詞（CommonNouns），專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：名詞專有名詞China,Ann,theGreatWall普通名詞個體名詞gun,country,student可數(shù)名詞集體名詞people物質(zhì)名詞paper,police不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞homeworkI.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：1.一般情況2.結(jié)尾是s,x,ch,sh的3.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的4.以f,fe結(jié)尾的5.以o結(jié)尾的6.不規(guī)則變化：a.改變拼寫的：man-men,child-children,woman-women,Englishman-Englishmenb.單復(fù)數(shù)相同的：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer.c.集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，其實是復(fù)數(shù)的意義。people,policed.表示國民總稱時用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。theChinese,theBritish,theJapanese,theFrenche.以s結(jié)尾仍為單數(shù)形式。news,maths,polices,physics,theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations.f.有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。glasses,trousers,clothes,thanks.g.有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)形式意義不同。goods貨物,waters水域,fishes（各種）魚，people各族人民。II.不可數(shù)名詞的量1.milk,water,tea,orange,meat,bread,rice,air,food,work,hair沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2.用量詞來表示數(shù)量，apieceofbread,twopiecesofmeat,glass,pair,tin,box,basket,pair.III.名詞的所有格冠詞不定冠詞a,an的用法泛指一類人或事物的一個或一類。（MissGaoisanEnglishteacher.）指某人或某物，但不具體說明。（Iborrowedadictionaryfromthelibrary.）表示數(shù)量，但語氣不如one強。（Theelephanthasalongnoseandtwobigteeth.）表示單位，相當于“每”。（WehavefiveEnglishclassesaweek.）用在固定詞組中。（afew,alittle,alotof,abit,amoment,later,apieceof,apairof）在以元音開頭名詞前用an。（anhour,anAmerican,aneye,anoldman）定冠詞the的用法特指某（些）人和某（些）事物。（What’stheweatherlike?）復(fù)述上文提到的人和物。（Iborrowedapicturebookyesterday.Thebookisveryinteresting.）談話雙方都知道的人和物。（Whereisthebook?It’sinthedesk.）用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物上。（thesun,themoon,theearth）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前。（Thefirstoneisthelongestofall.）用在江河、山脈、湖泊等的名詞前。（theWestHill,theWestLake）和姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式一起表示全家。（theGreens）用在樂器名稱前。（playthepiano）用在很多習慣用法中。（inthemorning,thehighjump,thedayaftertomorrow）不用冠詞的情況專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前。（China,homework,wood）在表示一類人或一類事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。（LiLei’sparentsarebothteachers.）在節(jié)日、假日、星期幾、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前。（Teachers’Day,Monday,June,summer）在稱呼語、表示頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞前。（LiLei,Mr.Smith,DoctorBlack）在一日三餐或球類運動前。（havebreakfast/lunch/supper,playbasketball/volleyball/football）在某些固定詞組里的名詞前。（inbed,atnoon,gotoschool,athome）數(shù)詞I.基數(shù)詞II.序數(shù)詞III.年月日的表達法IV.交際活動中的數(shù)詞表達法（No.161MiddleSchool,Room301,Row4,page25,Lesson19）V.千位以內(nèi)的表達法VI.分數(shù)表達法：分子為基數(shù)詞，分母為序數(shù)詞，分子大于一時，分母的序數(shù)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Two-thirdsoftheteachersinourschoolarewomen.1/2onehalf1/4one-fourth（onequarter）1/3onethird3/4three-fourths（threequarter）VII.單位的表達法（長、寬、高、距離等）halfametredeep400metreswide1,7000kilometreslongthousandsofkilometersawayfrom（答題時間：90分鐘）I.選擇填空（）1.Wewillgoonapicnicifit______finethisSunday.A.is B.are C.willbe D.was（）2.Myparentsare______doctorsinthePeople’sHospital.A.all B.both C.either D.neither（）3.Idon’thinkJimcanrun______Tom.A.sofastas B.asfasteras C.fasteras D.thefastestas（）4.Thereisaseatleftforyou.______sitonthestairs.A.Not B.Don’t C.Nottosit D.Sitnot（）5.Canyoutellmehowto______“pengyou”inEnglish?A.tell B.ask C.say D.talk（）6.Thecaraccidenthappened______theeveningofNovember15th,2000.A.in B.on C.for D.talk（）7.Whojumped______,LiLei,LiPingorWangDong?A.farther B.farthest C.thefarther D.asfar（）8.“WherecanIfindMrBrown?”“He______tothedininghall.”A.went B.hasgone C.hasbeen D.wasgoing（）9.Janesaidshewouldcomehere______9:00and9:30tomorrowmorning.A.from B.at C.between D.around（）10.Yourideaisagoodone.Ithinkwecan______.A.tryoutit B.trythemout C.tryoutthem D.tryitout（）11.Whatmakesyou______sheisarichwoman?A.tothink B.think C.thinking D.thought（）12.Don’tforgettobringthekeystothecar,______?A.doyou B.aren’tyou C.willnotyou D.willyou（）13.Hehasneverseensuchabeautifulpicture,_______?A.hasn’the B.hashe C.doeshe D.doesn’the（）14.Look!Thefarmworkersarebusy______pears.A.topick B.picked C.picking D.topicking（）15.Nonews________goodnews.A.are B.is C.were D.hasbeen（）16.He______hereinJapanfornearlythreemonths.A.hasgone B.hasbeento C.hasbeen D.hasgoneto（）17.Idon’tthinkJameswillgoclimbingwithus.Heprefers________to______.A.swim,climb B.toswim,toclimbC.swimming,climbing D.swims,climbs（）18.Pleasehelpme.Theboxontheshelfis______high______reach.A.too,to B.to,too C.so,that D.very,to（）19.ThisisJack.Heisagoodfriendof______.A.me B.my C.I D.mine（）20.Doyouknow______thisevening?A.whatdo B.whatdowedoC.whattodo D.whatwetodoII.完形填空Lindawasafewminuteslate.Wilsonhad1theofficewhenshegotthere.Hissecretarytoldherhewouldbebackinafewminutes.Shehadtositdownandwaitinouteroffice.“I’ll2getthisjob,”shetoldherself.Foramomentshe3torunoutofthebuilding.Justthen,Wilsoncamethroughthedoorandhurriedintohisoffice.AfewsecondslaterhissecretarytookLindainandtoldWilsonher4.Lindasaidsorrytohimforbeinglate.Wilsondidnotseemto5.Thentheyhadashorttalkandgotdownto6.Hetookoutherletterapplyingforthejoband7it.“You’veneverworkedinradioortelevisionbefore,haveyou?”heasked.Lindaansweredthatshewas8shehadn’t.Nowshewasevenmoresurethatshewouldnot9thejob.10Wilsonaskedherafewquestions.Tohersurpriseheseemedtobe11inher.Shewasevenmore12（）1.A.returned B.left C.closed D.reached（）2.A.certainly B.again C.almost D.never（）3.A.wanted B.tried C.had D.began（）4.A.age B.name C.family D.address（）5.A.mind B.understand C.start D.excuse（）6.A.work B.dinner C.rest D.business（）7.A.read B.turned C.wrote D.posted（）8.A.sure B.afraid C.happy D.clear（）9.A.begiven B.belost C.begot D.befinished（）10.A.First B.So C.Then D.Hardly（）11.A.angry B.pleased C.careful D.interested（）12.A.sorry B.terrible C.surprised D.tiredIII.閱讀理解January12Itbegantosnowlastnight.Ican’tseethevillagebeloworthemountaintopabove.Ihopewehaveenoughfood.ThepuppiesJigsandReelsarewithme,andtheyeatmorethanIdo.January16Stillsnowing.Thedogshavehadnothingtoeatsinceyesterdaymorning.Anhouragotheywantedtogoout.Theyknowthatthingsaren’trighthere.IputthemoutthroughawindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.Thesnowistwometersdeepoutside.January17JigsandReelsdidn’tcomebacklastnight.“Dead,”Ithought.They’reonlyfivemonthsold.Thisweatherkillsthem.Butatthemid-morningIheardthemcallingme.Ilookedoutandnotbelievemyeyes–theyweredraggingabigrabbitthroughthesnow.Theydroppedhimthroughthewindowintomyhands.Rabbitsfordinner!January18Stillsnowing,andthewindisstrong.JigsandReelshavebeenoutagain.Whatdoyouthinktheybroughtback?Twogreypigeons!Ifinishedmyownfoodonthe16th-sohowgladIam!January20Betterweathertoday,buttheskyisstilldark.Threemetersofsnowoutside.Reelskilledanotherrabbit,nearthehouse.Iwatchedhowhedidit.Thenheleft,Jigsbroughtithomeproudly.January25We’vehaveeatenfourrabbits,eightpigeonsandotherbirds.Thepuppieshavegrownupinaweek.They’redognow,andtheyhavesavedmylife.It’sverycold,butthesunisoverheard.TomorrowI’lltrytogetdowntothevillage.（）1.Whereisthewriter’shouse?A.Inthevillage. B.Belowthevillage.C.Higherthanthevillage. D.Bythevillage.（）2.Thedogshavehadnothingtoeatathomesinceyesterdaybecause______.A.theyarehungry B.theirfoodhasbeeneatenupC.theyaretoosicktoeatanything D.theyliketolookforfoodoutside（）3.JigsandReelsdidn’tcomebackonJanuary16,thewriterthoughtthey______.A.diedbecauseoftheweather B.diedofhungryC.werepickedupbysomeone D.losttheirway（）4.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“thedogsknowthatthingsaren’trighthere.”?A.It’sverycoldoutside. B.Wewillgohungryanddie.C.Ican’topenthedoor. D.Someanimalswillfightwiththem.IV.選詞填空1.Themandidn’twanttogooutofthetrain________itwasraining.2.Cananimals________toworkforus?3.Wehavedecidedtovisitmostoftheparksinthecity________weleaveChina.4.Theyknowtheywillgetsomethingtoeat____________.5.Maryjumps_____________thanshedidlastyear.6.Thefarmers_____________tothecropsnow.7.Afterhehadfinishedthehomework,he_________itherethatday.8.Nooneknowshoworwherethesepeoplelearnabout_________food.9.Whichpictureis___________,thisoneorthatone?10.Weknowifweteachsomeanimals__________somework,theycandothework.V.完成句子1.這臺計算機怎么了？我怎么關(guān)不上它了._______________________thiscomputer?Ican’tturnitoff.2.警察們盡最大的努力保持交通通暢。Thepolicetriedhardto______________________________.3.一點兒也沒有焦慮的事情。Thereis__________________________________________.4.與他交談是很必要的。__________________________________totalktohim.5.或者你退出或者我們退出。_______________youstop,____________wewashourhandsofthebusiness.VI.補全對話A: 1______________________________.B: It’ssnowing.Butit’snotverycold.Theweathermansaysitwillclearuptomorrowmorning.A: 2_______________________________________B: It’s-4to3.A: 3_______________________________________B: Notveryoften.Butthiswinteritsnowsalot.A: 4______________________________________B: Spring?Oh,itgetswarmfast.Butthewindisstrong.A: 5______________________________________B: Autumn.It’sneitherhotnorclod.A: Andit’snotwindy,isit?B: Youareright.VII.閱讀回答問題Samlovedtoscubadive.Helovedtobeinthedeepwater.OneSaturdayafternoonSamwasscubadivingneartheFloridacoast.Hewaslookingatsomebeautifulfish.Suddenly,thewaterpulledhimdown.Samtriedtoswimup.Thewaterpulledhimdownagain.Samlookeddownandwasahugepipe;itwasabout16feetacross.Thepipewasontheoceanfloor.ThewaterwaspullingSamintothepipe!Again,Samtriedtoswimup.Again,thewaterpulledhimdown.Afewsecondslater,Samwasinsidethepipe.Thewaterwasstillpullinghim.Wherewashegoing?Whatwasattheendofthepipe?ThenSamremembered:Therewasanuclearplantnearby.Thepipewenttothenuclearplant!Whatwasattheendofthepipe?Probablyapump.Forlongminutes,Samwasinthepipe.Hecouldseenothing.Everythingwasblack.ThenSamsawsomethingblue.Whatwasit?Whatwasattheendofpipe?Itwasthebluesky?Samwasoutofthepipe.Hewasinapoolofwaterattheunclearpowerplant.Luckily,therewasnopumpattheendofthepipe.Therewasonlyapoolofwater.AworkerattheunclearpowerplantpulledSamoutofthewater.Samhadafewcutsonhislegsandarms,buthewasnotreallyhurt.Samhasanewhobbynow.Hedoesn’tscubadive.Hecollectsstamps.1.WhatwasSam’shobby?2.WhathappenedonedaywhenSamwasscubadiving?3.WhatpulledSamintothepipe?4.WhatdidSamseeinthepipe?5.WhydidSamstopscubadiving?VIII.書面表達你有過去超市購物的經(jīng)歷嗎？請你談一談這次經(jīng)歷。（提示詞供選用）supermarketexperi