第四講　形容詞副詞和比較等級

第四講形容詞、副詞和比較等級●高考感悟/練真題·悟技法·鎖定目標●單句語法填空1．[2023·新課標Ⅰ卷]Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,________(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.2．[2023·新課標Ⅱ卷]Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto________(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftenetocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.3．[2023·北京卷]SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,Iwouldthrowahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup________(exact)ontime.4．[2023·新課標Ⅱ卷]So,whataretheylearning?________(basic),howtodescribeapanda'slife.5．[2022·全國乙卷]AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe________(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.6．[2022·全國甲卷]Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore________(meaning).7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.8．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell________(sleep)whilewatchingTV.9．[2022·北京卷]That'sabigproblemanditisgettingeven________(bad).Theworldwon'tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.10．[2021·全國甲卷]Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir________(day)routines.●考點研析/破重點·析疑難·精準清障●考點一形容詞和副詞的基本用法1.形容詞的基本用法(1)形容詞在句中可作定語、表語、賓語補足語、主語補足語、狀語等。AsfarasIknow,Chinesetraditionalculture,includingpaper-cutting,guzhengandsoon,hasitsuniquecharacteristics.據(jù)我所知，中國傳統(tǒng)文化，包括剪紙、古箏等，都有其獨特的特點。Althoughitwasahardtimeandthingsweretightforeverybody,Bernard'sbusinessworkedoutquitewell.雖然那是一段艱難的時期，每個人的處境都很艱難，但伯納德的生意做得很好。(2)形容詞作狀語主要表示原因、結果或伴隨等，其邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。Flushedandbreathless,sheboundedinthroughthegate.她滿臉通紅氣喘吁吁地從大門口跑了進來?！久麕熤附颉恳?ly結尾的形容詞，常見的：friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,elderly,deadly等。2．副詞的基本用法(1)副詞主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語其他副詞或修飾整個句子，表示時間、地點、程度、方式等。①Landingonthemoon'sfarsideisextremelychallenging.登陸月球的背面是極其有挑戰(zhàn)性的。②Besides,wecanabsorballkindsofresourcestolearnmoreefficiently．此外，我們可以吸收各種資源來更有效地學習。③Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved,especiallyBernardwhofinallyfoundawaytomakemoneyforhisfamily.不用說，他們都深受感動，尤其是伯納德，他終于找到了賺錢養(yǎng)家的方法。(2)常考的連接性副詞：though“然而，可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期間”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，還有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“盡管，即使這樣”；otherwise“否則”。Theyoungmancouldn'taffordanewcar.Instead,heboughtausedone.那個年輕人買不起新車，便買了一輛二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides,I'dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.這個房子太貴、太大了，而且，我已經(jīng)越來越喜歡我們租的這間小屋了?！久麕熤附颉恳子缅e的幾類副詞(1)意義有別的同根副詞。如：free(免費地)/freely(自由地),hard(努力地)/hardly(幾乎不),late(晚，遲)/lately(最近),most(很，最)/mostly(主要地),fair(公平地)/fairly(相當?shù)?,near(臨近)/nearly(幾乎)等。(2)有些副詞有兩種形式：以-ly結尾時表示抽象意義；與形容詞同形的表示具體意義。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide寬地/widely廣泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep深地/deeply深深地。即學即練單句語法填空1．[2023·新課標Ⅰ卷]NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris________(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleftwantingmorenexttime.2．[2023·全國甲卷]________(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.3．[2023·全國乙卷]However,insteadofthebrownishredhairshehadhopedfor,she________(final)gotpurplehair.4．[2023·新課標Ⅱ卷]Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorefortableand________(confidence)speakingEnglish.5．[2022·浙江1月卷]OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,________(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.6．[2022·浙江6月卷]Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir________(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatofsightedpeople,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.7．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Whenhelookeddown,he________(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.8．[2024·安慶市模擬]Inthestudy,GBSwasusedtoprovidea________(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.考點二形容詞和副詞的比較等級1.比較級和最高級的構成(1)規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則例詞單音節(jié)的詞一般在后面分別加-er、-esttall→taller→tallestquick→quicker→quickest以“輔音字母＋e”結尾的詞，在后面分別加-r、-stlate→later→latestpale→paler→palest以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的詞，將y改為i，再分別加-er、-estearly→earlier→earliestheavy→heavier→heaviest以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，要雙寫這個輔音字母，再分別加-er、-estthin→thinner→thinnesthot→hotter→hottest其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的詞都在前面分別加more、mostcareful→morecareful→mostcareful【名師指津】有少數(shù)幾個雙音節(jié)以及-ow,-er,-le結尾的詞，既可以分別加-er、-est，又可以分別加more、most構成比較級和最高級。?？嫉脑~：narrow,mon,clever,simple,quiet,stupid等。(2)不規(guī)則變化good/well→better→best;bad/ill→worse→worst;many/much→more→most;far→farther/further→farthest/furthest;little→less→least;old→older/elder→oldest/eldest2．比較等級的用法(1)同級比較①as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……一樣”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……不一樣”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour,itisasweleinconversationasanywhereelse.因為人們喜歡幽默，所以在談話中或其他任何地方它都是受歡迎的。②當as...as結構中有名詞時，可用以下結構：as＋形容詞原級＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)＋as...as＋much＋不可數(shù)名詞＋as...I'mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天對房間進行了大掃除之后我很累，我從來沒有過比今天更累的一天了。(2)比較級“形容詞/副詞比較級＋than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方更……”。“l(fā)ess＋形容詞/副詞原級＋than”結構，表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneelse.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐?！久麕熤附颉啃揎棻容^等級的副詞：much,even,still,far,yet,alittle,alot,abit,rather,any等。more,very等副詞不可修飾比較級。(3)最高級①表示三者或三者以上的比較，常見的結構：“the＋最高級＋表示比較范圍的短語或從句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。Tomiscontentwiththewatch.Itisthebestgifthehasevergot.湯姆對這塊表很滿意。這是他得到的最好的禮物。②最高級的其他表達法否定詞＋比較級比較級＋than＋anyother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋alltheother＋復數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋anyoftheother＋復數(shù)名詞比較級＋thananything/anyoneelseYourstoryisperfect.I'veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了，我以前從來沒有聽過比這更好聽的故事。TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。【名師指津】有些詞本身就有最高級含義，不能再用最高級形式，常見的：favourite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些詞本身有比較級含義，故不與than連用，如beseniorto等。(4)含有比較等級的特殊句型①the＋adj./adv.比較級，the＋adj./adv.比較級“越……，越……”②adj./adv.比較級＋and＋adj./adv.比較級“越來越……”③the＋adj.比較級＋ofthetwo＋名詞“某人或某物是兩者中較……的那個”④nomorethan“僅僅”，notmorethan“至多；不超過”⑤more...than...“與其說……不如說……”⑥no＋比較級＋than“和……一樣不……”⑦not＋比較級＋than“不比……更……”⑧倍數(shù)句型Ais＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋BAis＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級＋as＋BAis＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size,length,height等)＋of＋BTheelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.總的來說，電子廢棄物正以比傳統(tǒng)垃圾快三倍的速度增加。Moreandmorepeoplerealisetheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguagewell.越來越多的人認識到學好一門外語的重要性。即學即練單句語法填空1．[2023·北京卷]Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven________(shy),soitwassurprisingI'dchattoanyonearoundme.2．[2022·全國甲卷]Inthelastfiveyears,Caohaswalkedthrough34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa's________(high)mountain.3．[2021·浙江1月卷]Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including________(low)levelsofineandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.4．[2021·全國甲卷]Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat________(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!5．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the________(hot)thespring!6．[2020·全國Ⅲ卷]Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheir________(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.●小試牛刀/夯基礎·提技能·高效備考●Ⅰ.語法填空[2024·遼寧省高三上學期期中試題]Evacuation(疏散)ordersfromIsrael'smilitaryhaveforcedhundredsofthousandsofpeople1.________(flee)southfromtheirhomesinnorthernGazasinceFriday,the2.________(large)waveofciviliandisplacement(離開家園)inaweekofwaraccordingtotheUnitedNations,evenasothersrefusedtoleave,fearingthatescaperoutesaretoodangerous.Themainroadsrunningfromnorth3.________southwerecrowded.Insomeareastrafficcameto4.________stopwithtrucks,buses,overpackedcarsandpeopleonfootall5.________(crowd)ontothesamenarrowroadstoheadsouth.Butmany6.________(civilian),includinghospitalstaff,arerefusingtoleave.AhmedOkal,43,7.________livesinGazaCity'sZaitounneighborhood,saidhedidn'ttrustthatcivilianstravelingsouthwouldn'tbetargetedwithairstrikes(空襲).“Iam8.________(definite)afraidofstayinghere,9.________Iwillnotriskthelivesofmywifeandchildrenonthewaytothesouth，”hesaid,referringtoreportsthatsomeofthosefleeing10.________(kill)inanairstrike.Ⅱ.寫作運用完成下面短文，注意本部分語法的運用。DearDavid，I'velearnedfromtheInternetthatyouwanttomakeaChinesefriendsoastolearntheChineselanguageandculture.1.________________________________________________________(我很高興你對中國有濃厚的興趣)andIwouldliketobeyourfriend.2．______________________________________________________________________________(我將盡可能經(jīng)常地給你寫信介紹中國文化).WhenyouhaveanopportunitytoetoChina,I'llteachyouhowtospeakChineseand3.____________________________________________________________(帶你參觀一些著名的歷史名勝).4.________________________________________________________(無論如何，我將盡可能多地幫助你).Howdoyouthink?I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua第四講形容詞、副詞和比較等級高考感悟1．答案與解析：tasty考查形容詞。句意：小籠包(湯包)，那些精致的餃子皮，包裹著熱騰騰的美味湯和甜甜的鮮肉，是我最喜歡的中國街頭小吃。修飾后面的名詞soup(湯)應用形容詞，故用tasty“美味的”作定語。2．答案與解析：visiting考查形容詞?？蘸笫敲~，所以空處應填形容詞作定語；visit對應的形容詞為visiting“來訪的”。3．答案與解析：exactly考查副詞。修飾介詞短語ontime應用副詞exactly。4．答案與解析：Basically考查副詞。分析句子結構可知，空處修飾空后整個句子，應該用副詞修飾。5．答案與解析：largest考查形容詞最高級。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識可知，中國是最大產茶國，所以用形容詞的最高級形式。6．答案與解析：meaningful考查形容詞。此處是make復合結構，應用形容詞meaningful，作賓語補足語。7．答案與解析：eventually考查副詞。設空處后為動詞achieve，設空處應用副詞eventually作狀語，修飾動詞achieve。8．答案與解析：asleep考查形容詞。句意：他們倆看電視的時候都睡著了。根據(jù)句子結構可知，設空處應該填寫形容詞作表語。sleep為動詞，意為“睡覺”，其形容詞為asleep。fallasleep為固定搭配，意為“入睡的”，asleep符合句意。9．答案與解析：worse考查比較級。句意：這是個大問題，而且越來越嚴重。even“甚至”常置于比較級前，所以此處用worse。10．答案與解析：daily考查詞性轉換。修飾名詞routines應用形容詞形式，dailyroutine為固定搭配，意為“日常生活”?？键c研析考點一即學即練1．答案與解析：rarely考查副詞。修飾形容詞用副詞作狀語，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。2．答案與解析：Different考查形容詞。句意：與傳統(tǒng)寓言不同，卡森的故事以一種指責而不是道德結束。bedifferentfrom與……不同，所以用形容詞作狀語。3．答案與解析：finally考查副詞。此處修飾動詞got，應用副詞，作狀語。4．答案與解析：confident考查形容詞?？仗幒颓拔牡膄ortable并列，作并列表語，應用形容詞形式，confidence的形容詞形式是confident。5．答案與解析：roughly考查副詞。此處修飾數(shù)字用副詞roughly“粗略地，大約”。6．答案與解析：existing考查形容詞。句意：哈佛大學科學家埃拉·斯特里姆阿米特(EllaStriemAmit)說，盲人用他們現(xiàn)有的感官識別形狀，在某種程度上與正常人相似。形容詞existing作定語，修飾sense。7．答案與解析：accidentally考查副詞。句意：當他往下看時，不小心滑了一跤，從懸崖邊上掉了下去。根據(jù)句子結構，設空處應該填寫副詞修飾動詞slipped。accidental為形容詞，意為“意外的，失誤的”，其副詞為accidentally，意為“意外地，失誤地”，符合句意。8．答案與解析：highly句意：在這項研究中，GBS被用來提供一種高效的方法來證明量子計算在解決一些任務時的加速。修飾后文形容詞efficient應用副詞highly，表示程度高?？键c二即學即練1．答案與解析：shyer考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)空前的even，空處應用形容詞比較級。2．答案與解析：highest考查形容詞最高級。根據(jù)空前Africa's可知，此處表示乞力馬扎羅山是非洲最高的山脈，應用形容詞最高級。3．答案與解析：lower考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)后面的“higher”“fewer”可知，此處應用形容詞比較級。故填lower。4．答案與解析：better考查比較等級。分析句子結構，且根據(jù)空后的than可知，空處應用good的比較級。5．答案與解析：hotter考查比較等級。根據(jù)語境可知，氣溫越低，溫泉就越熱。本空所在句使用了“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”結構，表示“越……越……”。故本空填hot的比較級hotter。6．答案與解析：finest考查最高級。句意：