新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向56 優(yōu)化記敘文(夾敘夾議)完形填空解答5策略(原卷版)

考向56完形填空優(yōu)化記敘文(夾敘夾議)完形填空解答5策略【考情分析】新高考考情新高考新考法學(xué)霸好聲音①記敘文首句完整、線(xiàn)索清楚、敘述靈活、側(cè)重語(yǔ)境②夾敘夾議文以敘為主，兼顧議論，常采用邊敘邊議或先敘后議的手法2020新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空為記敘文，主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為環(huán)境保護(hù)，230詞左右①做記敘文類(lèi)完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)分析語(yǔ)境和準(zhǔn)確理解選項(xiàng)詞語(yǔ)含義來(lái)選擇正確答案②做夾敘夾議文類(lèi)完形填空，關(guān)鍵在于抓住作者想要表達(dá)的思想或抒發(fā)的情感【策略分析】策略1利用首句明大意解題依據(jù)完形填空首句不設(shè)題。記敘文首句往往介紹事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和起因等細(xì)節(jié)信息，說(shuō)明文和議論文通過(guò)首句點(diǎn)明文章主旨。【策略圖解】【策略示例】1．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,________canalsodriveyoumad.A.shopkeepers B.customersC.salespersons D.receptionists答案與解析B根據(jù)首句中的“Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers”可知，作者是生意人，因此此處指的是顧客讓作者抓狂。故選B。customer“顧客”；shopkeeper“店主”；salesperson“售貨員”；receptionist“接待員”。2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They__①__withthemlotsofwaste.The__②__mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe(face)ofKilimanjaro.①A.keep B.mixC.connect D.bring②A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reporters答案與解析①D根據(jù)段落首句及設(shè)空處后的“withthemlotsofwaste”和常識(shí)可知，此處指登山者帶來(lái)了大量的垃圾。bring“帶來(lái)”，符合語(yǔ)境。keep“保持”；mix“混合”；connect“連接；聯(lián)系”。②C瞻前顧后解題。根據(jù)上文中的“Everyyearabouteq\a\vs4\al(40，000)peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro”可知，每年大約有4萬(wàn)人試圖攀登非洲最高峰乞力馬扎羅山；再根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“damagethebeautyoftheplace”可知，這里指的是登山人群可能會(huì)破壞這個(gè)地方的美。crowd“人群”，符合語(yǔ)境。story“故事”；building“建筑”；reporter“記者”。策略2瞻前顧后巧求索解題依據(jù)在做完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀文章，留意文章的細(xì)節(jié)和措辭，注意前后文的呼應(yīng)。【策略圖解】【策略示例】3．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Irememberthefirstreally__①__customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas__②__absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrather__③__thatshebecamea“regular”.Afterawhile,she__④__forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflat__⑤__，andsinceshe'dfoundittoomuchtocopewith(應(yīng)對(duì)),she'dtakenitouton__⑥__people.①A.generous B.politeC.careless D.difficult②A.curiousabout B.displeasedwithC.patientwith D.uncertainabout③A.relaxed B.delightedC.surprised D.embarrassed④A.searched B.arguedC.prayed D.apologized⑤A.bychance B.byherselfC.onpurpose D.onduty⑥A.rude B.suchC.other D.lonely答案與解析①D需顧后。根據(jù)下文“nothingwasright”可知，這位顧客對(duì)一切都不滿(mǎn)意，很難纏。故選D。difficult“難纏的”；generous“慷慨的”；polite“禮貌的”；careless“粗心的”。②B需顧后。根據(jù)下文“nothingwasright”可知，這位顧客對(duì)一切都不滿(mǎn)意。故選B。displeasedwith“對(duì)……不滿(mǎn)意”；curiousabout“好奇”；patientwith“對(duì)……有耐心”；uncertainabout“對(duì)……不能肯定”。③C需瞻前顧后。結(jié)合上下文可知，這位顧客對(duì)每件事都不滿(mǎn)意，但是居然成了“?？汀?，這讓作者感到很驚訝才對(duì)。故選C。surprised“驚訝的”；relaxed“放松的”；delighted“高興的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”。④D需瞻前。上文提到顧客一開(kāi)始很難纏，對(duì)一切都不滿(mǎn)，結(jié)果后來(lái)成了?？停虼舜颂幹傅氖撬秊樽约阂婚_(kāi)始的行為道歉。apologizefor“為……道歉”。故選D。apologize“道歉”；search“搜索”；argue“爭(zhēng)論”；pray“祈禱”。⑤B需瞻前。結(jié)合上文“Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflat”可知，女顧客和丈夫分居了，因此現(xiàn)在是獨(dú)自住在一套公寓里。故選B。byherself“她獨(dú)自地”；bychance“偶然”；onpurpose“故意地”；onduty“值班”。⑥C需瞻前。根據(jù)上文“sinceshe'dfoundittoomuchtocopewith(應(yīng)對(duì)),she'dtakenitouton”可知，她難以應(yīng)付這樣的壓力，于是決定把氣撒在其他人身上。otherpeople“其他人”。故選C。other“其他的”；rude“粗魯?shù)摹?；such“這樣的”；lonely“寂寞的”。策略3詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)定答案解題依據(jù)完形填空中許多試題的答案在上下文中以原詞及其派生詞的形式出現(xiàn)，只要留意觀察就能發(fā)現(xiàn)。【策略圖解】【策略示例】4．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)WhenNicoloretiredandwenttoliveinSicily,he(brought)thepaintingswithhim.Hehungthemabovethesametablehehad(moved)fromTurin.Hisson,age15,whohad(taken)anartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomething(unusual)abouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.Itwassigned(簽名)“Bonnato”orsohethought,butwhenhe(researched)it,heonlyfound“Bonnard”，aFrench__①__hehadneverheardof.Heboughtabookandwas(surprised)tofindapictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesame__②__ashisfather'spainting.“That'sthegardeninourpicture，”Nicolo'ssontoldhisfather.①A.painter B.designerC.author D.actor②A.room B.kitchenC.hall D.garden答案與解析①A上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文的“apictureoftheartistPierreBonnard”可知，此處用“畫(huà)家”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A項(xiàng)。painter“畫(huà)家”，屬于artist“藝術(shù)家”這一范疇。designer“設(shè)計(jì)師”；author“作家”；actor“演員”。②D原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)上文的“withayounggirlsittingonagardenchair”和下文的“That'sthegardeninourpicture”可知，此處用“花園”符合語(yǔ)境，garden是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D項(xiàng)。策略4連詞平行解疑難解題依據(jù)根據(jù)連詞and,but,so,yet,or等或although,though,because,since,while等從屬連詞或neither...nor...,either...or...,notonly...butalso...等平行結(jié)構(gòu)，可以推斷出正確答案，提高得分率。【策略圖解】【策略示例】5．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)They'llcomerushingin,(saying)theirhandbag'sbeenstolen.They'll(swear)thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createhavoc(混亂)eq\a\vs4\al(andthen)__①__ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.They'llhaveouthalfthe(goods)intheshop,andwanttheonlystyleyoudon'thaveleftina(particular)colour.Idoknowhoweq\a\vs4\al(upset)theshopstaffcanget,eq\a\vs4\al(but)Itrytopersuadethemtokeep__②__.①A.forget B.decideC.discover D.assume②A.fighting B.smilingC.waiting D.changing答案與解析①C利用并列關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)空前的andthen可知，此處是與上文的saying和swear是順承的動(dòng)作，又結(jié)合下文的“ithadbeenintheircarallthetime”可知，顧客一開(kāi)始說(shuō)包被偷了，發(fā)誓說(shuō)是忘在了更衣室，結(jié)果最后發(fā)現(xiàn)包一直在他們自己的車(chē)?yán)?。故選C。discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；forget“忘記”；decide“決定”；assume“假設(shè)”。②B利用轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系解題。結(jié)合上文可知，一些顧客有一些很無(wú)理的要求和行為，面對(duì)這種情況，雖然店員會(huì)很沮喪，“but”一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，與“沮喪”一詞情感色彩相反，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)“微笑”符合句意。故選B。6．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo，”whoserealnamecannotbe________tothepublicbecauseofItaly'sprivacylaws,(finished)workingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.A.attached B.allocatedC.exposed D.submitted答案與解析C因果關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)下文的“becauseofItaly'sprivacylaws”可知，此處指的是，他的真實(shí)名字因意大利的隱私法不能暴露給公眾。beexposedto“暴露”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C項(xiàng)。expose“暴露”；beattachedto“附屬于；依戀”；allocate“分配”；submit“上交”。策略5褒貶語(yǔ)境判曲直解題依據(jù)每篇完形填空所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容都有一定的褒貶性，這反映了作者的特定心理、情緒狀態(tài)和寫(xiě)作意圖。利用文章內(nèi)容的褒貶性可以在準(zhǔn)確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上推斷出答案的。【策略圖解】【策略示例】7．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Don'ttakeit__①__.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink“Maybeshe'shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild'snot__②__.”Alwayseq\a\vs4\al(wateritdown)anddon'tletyourego(自我)get(in_the_way).Ifyoudo,youwon'tbeableto(handle)itandthewholethingdevelopsintoaneq\a\vs4\al(unpleasantscene)andthat__③__everyone'sday.①A.kindly B.secretlyC.personally D.casually②A.ready B.awayC.up D.well③A.ruins B.makesC.starts D.saves答案與解析①C根據(jù)下文的敘述可知，顧客不禮貌或挑剔是有原因的，并非針對(duì)你或沖著你來(lái)的，作者指出要淡化這種情緒，不要為這些事感到不快。短語(yǔ)takesth.personally“視某事針對(duì)自己而不悅”。故選C。personally在本題中為熟詞生義用法，意為“無(wú)禮地；冒犯地”；kindly“親切地”；secretly“秘密地”；casually“隨便地”。②D根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，此處列舉的是顧客家中有不好的事情，如和丈夫吵架或孩子生病的情況，故選D。well作形容詞用時(shí)，意為“身體健康或狀態(tài)良好”；ready“迅速地”；away“離開(kāi)”；up“向上”。③A結(jié)合上文的敘述可知，一旦事情發(fā)展成不愉快的場(chǎng)面，那么最終只會(huì)毀了大家的一天。故選A。ruin“毀壞；糟?！?；make“制作”；start“開(kāi)始”；save“拯救”?！緳z測(cè)訓(xùn)練】1Ranjithawasagoodbutpoorstudent.Becauseshewas1,shecouldn'tbuybooksto2to.Theuniversitylibraryhadagood3ofreferencebooksbuttheywerenotofferedtothestudents.Thebooksinthereferencesectionwereonly4totheteachers.Occasionallyshewonderedwhythe5didn'thandoutthebookstothestudents.She6herselfthatwhenshebecameateacher,shewouldprovidethestudentswithallsheasastudenthad7,likereferencebooks.Andthedaycameinnotime.Soonaftergettinghermaster'sdegree,Ranjithaentereda(n)8asalecturer.Quicklyshewontheheartsofmoststudentsasshewould9thestudentsafterclass.Thereweretoomanystudentsanditwas10forhertorememberallofthem.Oneday,twostudentscametoRanjtha11hertoborrowthreereferencebooks.Sheagreedand12lentthemthebooks.The13termwouldpasssoonandshealmostforgotaboutthebooks.Attheendoftheterm,thedirectoroftheuniversitycalledher,“Madam,wehaveinstructionsthatallthebooksshouldbereturnedtothe14.”Ranjithatriedhardto15thestudentswhohadborrowedthebooksbuther16didn'thelp.Soshe17togototheclassroomandask.However,toherdisappointment,noneofthestudents18.Atlast,Ranjithaborrowedmoneyandpaidittothelibrary.Nowsheunderstandshelpingsomeonebeyondacertain19willharmherselfandthatteachingstudentslifeprinciplesismore20,whichisalessonshelearnedbypaying$800asafee.Sheisstilldoingwhatshecandotohelpthestudents.1.A.badlyoff B.well-behaved C.tiredout D.ill-mannered2.A.contribute B.add C.refer D.admit3.A.measure B.knowledge C.occupation D.collection4.A.supplied B.packed C.rewarded D.written5.A.directors B.teachers C.leaders D.booksellers6.A.blamed B.asked C.promised D.terrified7.A.lacked B.observed C.mixed D.owned8.A.organization B.team C.university D.apartment9.A.comfort B.help C.protect D.represent10.A.important B.beneficial C.convincing D.difficult11.A.assisting B.requesting C.allowing D.teaching12.A.happily B.generally C.unfortunately D.impossibly13.A.meaningless B.boundless C.entire D.boring14.A.student B.author C.bookstore D.library15.A.consult B.remember C.push D.cheer16.A.argument B.discovery C.curiosity D.memory17.A.had B.refused C.offered D.learned18.A.regretted B.responded C.forgot D.screamed19.A.doubt B.speed C.distance D.limit20.A.confusing B.frightening C.worthwhile D.traditional2Itwasanextraordinarilybusytimeofyear.Ifeltsome21toheadstraighthomeafteralongmeeting.SoIheadedtotheparknearbyforsometherapeutic(治療性的)hiking.AsIreachedthetopandadmiredtheview,myunclearmind22.Re-energized,IknewthatIcoulddealwiththeworkthatwaitedformeuponmy23.WhenIarrivedbackintheofficethenextday,Iwasfullofenergy,andfinishedmywork24.Itwasalmost20yearsagothatIlearnedhow25itisformetocarveouttimetoescapetothewild.IhadfinishedmyPh.D.,studyingsoilandwaterconservationinHonduras,butIwasn’tsurewhat26Iwantedtohave.So,IdecidedtoactonadreamIhadbeennursingforafewyears,27mymomshowedmeamagazinearticleaboutamanwhohad28aroundAmerica.IfiguredthatIcould29cyclingwithresearchforabookonAmericanagriculturewhileIworkedoutmynextcareerstep.SoIdidit.Duringthecycling30,IfoundtheclearnessIneededto31mynextcareermove.TalkingwithfarmersImetalongtheway,Ilearnedthattheirbiggestchallengewassellingtheirproduce.Idecidedtobroadenmy32fromlandmanagementtoimprovingfarmers’accesstomarkets.My33interestledtoworkingforanongovernmentalorganizationandIdideventuallyborrowabookonAmericanagriculture.The34istofindyoursourceofinspirationandmakegooduseofit.Forme,Ialwaysgetnourishment(營(yíng)養(yǎng))frombeing35intheoutdoors.21.A.pressure B.danger C.shame D.embarrassment22.A.calmed B.wandered C.developed D.appeared23.A.reply B.return C.relaxation D.recovery24.A.successfully B.casually C.anxiously D.constantly25.A.strange B.important C.difficult D.interesting26.A.tour B.book C.career D.major27.A.unless B.if C.though D.since28.A.run B.cycled C.driven D.flown29.A.combine B.compare C.replace D.practice30.A.competition B.history C.performance D.trip31.A.insiston B.putdown C.figureout D.learnfrom32.A.experience B.focus C.discussion D.search33.A.deep B.particular C.personal D.new34.A.reason B.problem C.result D.key35.A.active B.alone C.confident D.brave3Itwasahot,dampsummerday.AfterI36mytankinthelocalgasstation,Istartedtowalkinsidetopay.JustthenInoticedtwoelderly37standingbackfromtheircar.Therewasamixtureofshockand38ontheirfaces.Ifollowedtheir39andsawwhattheysaw:fiveyellowjacketswerebuildinga40aroundtheirgascap.Myeyes41.Isharedtheladies'fear.Yellowjacketshadneverbeen42tome.WhenIwasayoungboy,afriendofmineandIwere43andplayinginmybackyard.Imusthave44ononeoftheirhiddennestswhilerunning.45,bothofuswerebeingchasedandstungoverandoverbytheyellowjackets.Weranaway46withgreatfear.Mymom47ranacoldbathandputusbothinittoeasethepainanditching(瘙癢)48givingusmedicinetofightallthepoisoninourlittlebodiesfromthestings.IknewIcouldn'tletfearstopmenow.I49mybackpocketforapapertowelIhadthere,toreoutthenestandsteppedonitwhilethe50wasps(黃蜂)buzzedaroundme.51oftheladiesthankedmeexcitedly.Ismiled,andnervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith52.Inthislife,youcan'tletthefearofbeingstungeitherphysicallyor53keepyoufromdoingwhatisright.Weneedtogo54ourselvesandloveeachother.Don'tlettheyellowjacketsinyourlife55youback.36.A.filled B.moved C.charged D.emptied37.A.men B.women C.drivers D.jackets38.A.anger B.pain C.sadness D.fear39.A.nose B.ears C.eyes D.mouth40.A.room B.nest C.house D.hall41.A.widened B.closed C.opened D.lowed42.A.lovely B.likely C.friendly D.carefully43.A.jumping B.climbing C.walking D.running44.A.removed B.stepped C.paced D.searched45.A.Asaresult B.Afterall C.Aboveall D.Atthesametime46.A.discussing B.exploring C.screaming D.laughing47.A.nervously B.suddenly C.casually D.immediately48.A.after B.while C.before D.until49.A.reachedinto B.arrivedin C.gotto D.pulledout50.A.happy B.angry C.sad D.worried51.A.Neither B.Both C.All D.None52.A.pain B.surprise C.doubt D.joy53.A.heartedly B.intelligently C.emotionally D.punctually54.A.through B.back C.ahead D.beyond55.A.hold B.set C.hang D.give4Anactofkindnessdoesn’thavetobeagrandgesture.Eventhosesmallactsofkindnesscanmakeadifferenceinsomeone’day.ThatwasjustthecaseforAmieMickeywhenshe56abumpersticker(車(chē)尾貼)onhercarreading:YouMatter.Amiestartedtodothisseveralyearsago.Atfirst,shewonderedifpeoplewould57it.However,muchtohersurprise,shebeganseeingafloodof58everytimeshehittheroad.Moreoftenthannot,people59slowlynearhercarwouldrolldowntheirwindows,raisingtheir60,wavingandsmiling.Sometimes,sheevenfoundsomestickynotesleftonherwindshieldsayingthingslike“You61too!”O(jiān)ncewhileshewasdrivingdownthehighway,shebecame62whenamandrivingasportscaratahighspeedpulledhiscaralongsidesuddenly,wavingandmouthing,“Youmatter!”Thoughittookhersometimetorecoverfromthe63,shestillfelthappy.Lastyear,someone64hercarwhileshewaswaitingforherfriendinthecarbytheroadside,sayingtoher,“Itisa(an)65sticker.I’veseenvariousstickersbefore,butnoneofthemhavetouchedmeasyourstickerhasdone.”Thetwosmallwordsonthestickerseemsimpleenough,buttheyreallystruckachordwithmanycompletestrangerswho66tocatchsightofthesticker.StorieslikeAmie’sreally67therestofus.Sometimesakindwordorgesturemayliftour68anditdoesn’tcostathingexceptforalittleextrathought.Maybeitmeansofferingafriendahug,praisingthechildrenwhentheirchildren69wellinschool,helpingsomeoneoutorvolunteeringatnursinghomes.Actsofkindnessarewaitingeverywhere.Smallastheyseem,theycanmakea70impactontheworld,andhelpformgeneralgoodness.56.A.putup B.pickedup C.fixedup D.toreup57.A.watch B.overlook C.notice D.ignore58.A.strangers B.passers-by C.attention D.confusion59.A.running B.driving C.walking D.riding60.A.voices B.thumbs C.shoulders D.hats61.A.count B.share C.matter D.value62.A.frightened B.discouraged C.embarrassed D.disappointed63.A.parking B.speed C.event D.incident64.A.blocked B.approached C.repaired D.cleaned65.A.special B.important C.typical D.skeptical66.A.occurred B.happened C.managed D.offered67.A.shock B.delight C.inspire D.satisfy68.A.spirits B.thoughts C.feelings D.minds69.A.work B.exercise C.conduct D.behave70.A.reliable B.subjective C.positive D.brief5Iworkedonboatsfortwentyfiveyears.NowIamadockingpilot(碼頭領(lǐng)航員).Myjobisto71inthelargeluxuryliners(郵輪)andstaywiththemuntiltheyare72stoppedintheharbour.Sometimesthisrequirestwotugs(拖船),sometimesmanymore,73thetideandtheweather.Ifeltvery74afterIhaddockedseveralofthelargeliners.IrealizedIwasin75ofagreatshipworthmillionsofdollarsandthe76weredependingonmetobringhersafelytotheport.Thesetugs,whetheroneorten,77aboutinaccordwithwhistlesignalsI78themfromthebridgeofthebigliner.Thesesignalsmakeupalanguagethatisjustas79asthespokenword,orevenmoreso,80ourdockingsignalsarehardlymisunderstood.Thecaptainofeachtugdoeshisworkaccordingtothesignalshe81.Heneverasksquestions.Hetakeseverythingfaithfully,anditalwaysworksout.Workingaroundtugboats,wheresomuchdependson82,hashaditseffectonwhatIbelieve.IbelievethatifIamtoattaina(an)83placeintheworldImusthavethehelpofmyfellowmenjustasthegreattransatlanticlinersdependonthe84ofthelittletugstobringthemsafelytothe85.71.A.put B.push C.bring D.join72.A.safely B.dangerously C.immediately D.illegally73.A.addingto B.lettingalone C.thinkingof D.dependingon74.A.bored B.meaningless C.important D.tired75.A.control B.praise C.defence D.place76.A.clerks B.sportsmen C.readers D.owners77.A.look B.move C.hear D.worry78.A.write B.send C.mail D.bring79.A.dependable B.incredible C.doubtful D.visible80.A.though B.if C.while D.because81.A.gives B.spreads C.receives D.passes82.A.imagination B.creation C.teamwork D.performance83.A.successful B.frustrating C.regretful D.embarrassing84.A.prevention B.help C.objection D.delay85.A.airport B.station C.port D.stop6ReneeDixsonisthedirectoratapreschoolinIndiana.Shehasalwaystakenherroleinherstudents’livesvery86.Becauseofthenovelcoronaviruspandemic(流行),manyofherkids'liveshavechanged87.Reneesaidsomeoftheirparentsarenow88foodbankstofeedtheirfamilies,which89anyextramoneytheyhavewillgoto90,nottoChristmasgifts.That'swhyReneehas