2024年高考英語仿真模擬卷01全解全析（新高考Ⅰ卷）

2024高考仿真模擬卷01英語（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的考生號、姓名、考點學(xué)校、考場號及座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需要改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1．Howisthemanpreparingtousethetools?A．Bylearningatwork. B．Bywatchingonlinevideos. C．Byreadingtheinstructions.【答案】B【原文】W:Doyouknowhowtousethosepowertools?Idon’twantyoutogethurt.Pleasereadtheinstructions.M:Ihavebeenwatchingvideosonthiswebsite.Don’tforget,Iusedtoworkwithaprofessional.Heshowedmeallthesetools.2．Whenwillthemancleanuphisroom?A．Injusthalfanhour. B．Afterseeingthemovie. C．Beforegoingtothecinema.【答案】B【原文】W:Youalwaysthrowyourclotheseverywhere.Andyourshoesarealloverthefloor.M:Sorry.ButcanIcleanupmyroomafteringbackfromthecinema?Themoviewillbegininhalfanhour.W:OK.3．WhydidMikegotoChina?A．Tohaveabusinesstrip.B．Tomeetwithhisboss.C．Tolearnaboutteaculture.【答案】A【原文】W:John,isMikeingforteatomorrow?M:No.He’sinChinanow.Hisbosssenthimtheretotrainsomenewemployeeslastweek.W:Oh,Itotallyforgotthat.4．Whydothespeakerschoosethesubway?A．Theweatheristoohot. B．Thetimeisverytight. C．Theircarisbeingrepaired.【答案】A【原文】W:Youknowwhat?AnexhibitionofPicasso’spaintingsisbeingheldintheArtGallery.Doyouwanttogowithme?M:HowcanImissit?Butitisburninghot.Wewillmeltifwecyclethere.W:Sowehavenochoicebuttotakethesubway.Ifonlywehadacar!5．WhichfilmdoesMikeprefer?A．Thehorrorfilm. B．Thehistoricalfilm. C．Thesciencefictionfilm.【答案】C【原文】M:Hi,Lily.What’sondowntown?W,Hi.Mike.TheGrandTheaterhasahistoricalfilm.TheStarCinemahasasciencefictionfilm.Andthere’sahorrorfilmintheSunshineTheater.M:Let’sgototheStarCinema,Theothertwofilmssoundboring.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whydoesthegirlwantababybrother?A．Topleaseherdad.B．Toenjoybeingabigsister.C．Toraise‘a(chǎn)nimalstogetherwithhim.7．Whatdoesthegirlhopetodoatlast?A．Keepadog. B．Getacutecat. C．Lookafterherbrother.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】W:Dad,willIhaveababybrother?M:Sweetie,I’mnotsurenow.Youhavehadtwoelderbrothers.Whydoyouwantababybrother?W:Ithinkbeingabigsisterwillbesomuchfun!M:Yes,youcanshareyourfavoritetoyswithhim.Andyoucanhavefuntogether.W:Prettygood!ButIthinkIshouldkeepapetandlearntosharefirst.M:Maybewecangetananimal,likeadogoracat.W:Yay!Thatsoundswonderful.Icansharemytoyswithacutedog!聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Howwillthewomandealwiththeproblemonthefrontpage?A．Maketheletterslarger.B．Deletethepooldesign.C．Leavethepageblank.9．Onwhichpagewillthewomanaddapicture?A．Page2. B．Page4. C．Page5.10．Whatcolorwastheprintofthepricesatfirst?A．Black. B．Red. C．Blue.【答案】8．A9．C10．A【原文】M:Goodafternoon.I’mheretoreprintabrochureforourhotel.Somepagesneedrevising.W:Whatexactlyistheproblem?M:Well,someinformationisalreadyoutofdate.Therearealsoacoupleofproblemswiththedesign.Firstly,thelettersonthefrontpagearefartoosmall.So,increasethelettersby3sizes.W:OK,whatelse?M:Theinformationregardingthepoolshouldbedeletedonpage2.W:Butwecan’tjustleavethewholepageblank.M:Justfillitinwiththeintroductionofournewlyopenedgym.W:Isee.M:What’salsobotheringusisthedescriptionunderthetopphotoonpage4.Youcanreplacethewordwith“reception”.W:Isthatall?M:No,thereismore.Turntopage5.You’dbetteruseapicturewiththeviewofthehotel.W:OK.M:Let’sturntothenextpage.Accordingtothecustomers,thepricesdonotstandout,sochangetheprintfromblacktoredorbluetomakeitpopout.W:Igotit.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11．Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?A．Thefactthatrobotswillreplacehumansentirely.B．Thefactthatrobotswilltakejobsfromhumans.C．Thefactthatrobotswillbeintroducedintopeople’shomes.12．Howdoesthemanthinkaboutrobots?A．Theydomorewithlesscost.B．Theyarenotveryfriendly.C．Theybreakdownregularly.13．Whatpercentageofjobswillbeatriskduringthenextdecade?A．3%. B．15%. C．33%.【答案】11．B12．A13．C【原文】M:Inthefuture,manyofourcurrentjobswillbedonebyrobots.W:Thefutureiscloserthanyouthink.Severalofmyfriendswerefiredinacarfactory,becauserobotsarenowreplacingthem.M:Robotsdoofferbetteroutput(產(chǎn)量)forlesscost.Theycanoperatealldayandnight.W:Thisistrue,butmyfriendsarenolongerearninganymoney.M:Hopefullytheywillbeabletofindotherjobs.W:Itisgettinghardertofindajobthatwillnotbereplacedinafewyears’time.M:Thisistrue.Ireadareportthatsaidinthisdecade,3%ofjobswereatriskfrommachines.W:Ireadthesamereport.Thatnumberwouldjumpto33%duringthenextdecade.M:Yes,buttheyalsopointedoutthatrobotsandartificialintelligencecouldboosttheglobaleconomyby$15trillion.W:Doyouthinktheywillreplacelawyerslikeus?M:Notanytimesoon.W:Wehavetoworklonghours,butatleastwehavejobsecurity.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whatdidthewomandotoaffordherlongholiday?A．Shesharedthecostwithotherpeople.B．Sheearnedenoughmoneybeforetraveling.C．Sheavoidedspendingtoomuchonacmodation.15．Wheredidthewomanbeginhertrip?A．InGreece. B．InFrance. C．InGermany.16．Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthefamilyrestaurant?A．TheyhadEnglishspeakingcustomers.B．NobodyinthefamilyspokeEnglish.C．Oneofthechildrenemployedher.17．Whywasthejobperfectforthewoman?A．Itslocationwasneartheislands.B．Thefamilyhadaboatshecoulduse.C．Shedidn’tneedtoworkattheweekend.【答案】14．C15．B16．A17．C【原文】M:WehaveCarrieLewisontheshowtodaywhohasjustreturnedfromafourmonthholidayinEurope.Wheredidyoufindthemoneytogoonsuchalongholiday?W:Well,Icertainlydidn’tstayinexpensivehotels.Ioftenstayedwithfriendsinthosecities.Besides,mostplaceshavesomehotelsthatcanbecheap.Thenyoucanalwaysfindworkwhileyou’retraveling.M:Sowheredidyougothisyear?W:IstartedinFranceandthenspenttwoweeksinGermany.ButIwantedtogetGreecetoworkinarestaurant.IhadwrittentoafewplacesbeforeIlefthomeandoneofthemhadofferedmework,soIgotthereassoonaspossible.M:Anddidyougetthejob?W:Idid.ItwasalovelyfamilyrestaurantinAthensandtheywerelookingforsomeonewhocouldspeakEnglishtohelpwiththecustomers.They’vegotchildrenwhocanspeakit,buttheyweren’taroundoverthesummer,sotheyemployedme.M:Sothatpaidforyourholidaythen.W:Mostofit,yes.Itwasperfectformeastheyonlywantedmetoworkthereduringtheweek.ThatmeantIcouldvisittheislandsattheweekend.IusedtocatchtheboatonFridayevening,havetwonightsonanislandsomewhereandthengetbackonSundaynightreadyforwork.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．Howmanykidswerethereintheresearch?A．10. B．14. C．400.19．Howlongdomostkidsspendonthescreeneverydayinthisstudy?A．Lessthan3hours. B．About5hours. C．Morethan6hours.20．Whatdoesthespeakersuggestintheend?A．Studentsshouldreducetheirtimeonthescreen.B．Parentsshouldn’tbuymobilephonesfortheirchildren.C．Parentsshouldmunicatewiththeirchildrenmorefrequently.【答案】18．C19．B20．C【原文】W:Hi,itisScienceCharm.I’mRosy.Manyparentsareworriedthattheirchildrenspendtoomuchtimeonthescreen,suchaswatchingTVandplayingwiththemobilephone,whichwilldoharmtotheirmentalhealth.Butanewstudyshowstheopposite.Aprofessorofpsychologicalsciencetellsusthatifparentsturnoffthemediawhichchildrenusetoconnectwithfriendsandsearchforinformation,itwillleadtoaworseconsequence.Theprofessorandhiscolleaguedidresearchon400studentsaged10to14abouttheirscreenbehaviors.Theyfoundthatmostkidsspendabout5hoursonthescreeneveryday.Butthereisnoconnectionbetweentheamountoftimeonthescreenandmentalhealth.Instead,childrenwhosendmoretextmessageshavebettermentalhealth.Thisisasmallassociation,butitreflectsifwestayconnectedonline,wealsohavegoodconnectionsoffline.Actually,kidshavedepressionduetosomethingotherthanthetimetheyspendonline.Wearesobusywithourstudyandworkthatwehavenotimetoexchangeideas.Wehopeparentswillspendlesstimeworryingaboutmobilephonesandmoretimetalkingtoyourchildren.Itisthebestwaytohavementalhealth.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AInternationalApplicationTheUniversityofCambridgewelesapplicationsfromsuitablyqualifiedinternationalstudents.Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.Attractingsomanytalentedinternationalapplicantsmeanspetitionforplacesisfierce.However,academicachievementandpotentialremaintheselectioncriteriaforseniorhighschoolcandidates.TheapplicationprocessTheapplicationprocessisthesameforallapplicants.WhilstmuchoftheinformationpresentedonthiswebsiteisfocusedonGCE,andALevels,manyotherschoolandnationalexaminationsatanequallevelarealsoacceptable.AllapplicationstoUKuniversitiesaremadethroughtheUniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService(UCAS）,whichoperatesonaprequalificationbasiswhereoffersaremadeinadvanceofapplicantsachievingtheirfinalgrades.Offerholdersarefinallyconfirmedorrejectedoncetheresultsfortherelevantqualificationsarereceived.UCASwillrequireapplicants’predictedgrades.Apredictedgradeisthegradeofqualificationanapplicant’sschoolbelievestheyarelikelytoachieve,allthingsbeingwell.ThesepredictedgradesareusedduringtheadmissionsprocesstohelptheUniversityunderstandeachapplicant’spotential.Forastepbystepguide,pleaserefertoourmainApplyingpages.ApplicationfeeMostinternationalapplicantsarerequiredtopayanapplicationfeeof￡60.Thisisastandardchargethatsupportstheadministrationoftheapplicationprocessandmaintenanceofthesystemsusedinthisprocess.SeeTermsandconditionsoftheapplicationfee.21．WhydoestheCambridgeuniversityweleoverseasstudents?A．Theyareforeigners.B．Theyaremorequalifiedthanlocalstudents.C．Theywillprovidediversityforthecampus.D．TheywillberecognizedbytheUKgovernment.22．Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheapplicationprocess?A．Gaokaoresultscanplayapart.B．Internationalexperienceisamust.C．Anofferistheguaranteeofadmission.D．Applicant’sschoolcanpredicttheresult.23．Whowouldbethemostlikelytargetreaderofthetext?A．ABritishtwelfthgrader.B．AHongKongeleventhgrader.C．AstudentinPekingUniversity.D．AjuniorhighschoolstudentfromBeijing.【答案】21．C22．D23．B【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了申請英國劍橋大學(xué)的相關(guān)信息。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternationalApplication中的“Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.(我們認識到多元化學(xué)生群體的巨大學(xué)術(shù)和文化價值。招收來自英國以外的學(xué)生使我們能夠從盡可能廣泛的人才庫中尋找人才。)”可知，劍橋大學(xué)歡迎海外學(xué)生是因為他們能夠豐富校園的多樣性。故選C。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Theapplicationprocess中的“AllapplicationstoUKuniversitiesaremadethroughtheUniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService(UCAS）,whichoperatesonaprequalificationbasiswhereoffersaremadeinadvanceofapplicantsachievingtheirfinalgrades.(所有英國大學(xué)的申請都是通過大學(xué)和學(xué)院招生服務(wù)(UCAS)進行的，該服務(wù)以資格預(yù)審為基礎(chǔ)，在申請人達到最終成績之前發(fā)出錄取通知。)”以及“UCASwillrequireapplicants’predictedgrades.Apredictedgradeisthegradeofqualificationanapplicant’sschoolbelievestheyarelikelytoachieve,allthingsbeingwell.ThesepredictedgradesareusedduringtheadmissionsprocesstohelptheUniversityunderstandeachapplicant’spotential.(UCAS將要求申請人提供預(yù)期成績。預(yù)期成績是申請人所在學(xué)校認為他們在一切順利的情況下可能達到的資格等級。這些預(yù)測分數(shù)在錄取過程中被用來幫助大學(xué)了解每個申請人的潛力。)”可知，申請人申請的學(xué)校可以根據(jù)申請人個人提供預(yù)期成績預(yù)測是否錄取的結(jié)果。故選D。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章InternationalApplication中的“TheUniversityofCambridgewelesapplicationsfromsuitablyqualifiedinternationalstudents.Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.（劍橋大學(xué)歡迎符合條件的國際學(xué)生申請。我們認識到多元化學(xué)生群體的巨大學(xué)術(shù)和文化價值。招收來自英國以外的學(xué)生使我們能夠從盡可能廣泛的人才庫中尋找人才。）”以及第二段中“However,academicachievementandpotentialremaintheselectioncriteriaforseniorhighschoolcandidates.”（然而，學(xué)業(yè)成績和潛力仍然是高中生的選拔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）可知，本文介紹的是來自英國以外的學(xué)生的大學(xué)申請，選項B中香港的十一年級的學(xué)生，相當(dāng)于高二的學(xué)生，可能是本文的目標(biāo)讀者。故選B。BAbrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.ButthatisexactlythekindofyardpetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe“World’sUgliestLawn”.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated(脫水的)grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof“savingwateronaglobalscalebychangingthenormforgreenlawns”.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsofwatertomaintain,areingunderincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmorefrequentandintense.TheglobalinitiativewaslaunchedontheofficialwebsiteforGotlandinSweden.“Hugeamountsofwaterareusedtowaterlawnsforaesthetics(美學(xué)).Astheworldgetswarmer,lackofwaterinurbanareasisprojectedtoaffectupto2.4billionpeopleby2050.Bynotwateringlawnsforaestheticreasons,wecanprotecttheavailabilityofgroundwater,”thepetitionorganizerssaid.TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.Accordingtotheorganizers,Murray’slawn“boastsdeepanddrydivotscreatedbythreewildbandicoots(袋貍)andnotonedustcovereddecimeteriswastedonwatering”.Murraysaidinthepressreleaseabouthertriumph,“Iamterriblyproud!IknewIwouldhavemy5minutesoffame,evenifitwasforhavingtheugliestlawnontheplanet!Iamnowfreeofevertakingcareofmylawnagain.”ApressreleasebytheGotland,officeadded,“Fortheplanetanditsdecliningstockpilesoflifegivingliquid,thankyou,Kathleen,aswellasthosenaughtybandicootsdamagingyourlawnforthegreatergood.”O(jiān)rganizersadded,“GotlandaimstoshowtoSwedenandtheworldthatsustainablebehaviordoesn’thavetobedull.”24．WhatcanwesayabouttheyardpetitionorganizedinSweden?A．Peoplehadevendoubteditsauthenticity.B．Peopleworldwidewereunwillingtojoin.C．Itsparticipantsmustbeprofessionalgardeners.D．Itsentriesmustagreewiththeexistingaesthetics.25．Whatisthepurposeofthisyardpetition?A．Tocallonpeopletoprotectlawns. B．Toencouragepeopletobecreative.C．Tochallengethenormofaesthetics. D．Toremindpeopleofwatershortage.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph”inparagraph4mean?A．Ambition. B．Success. C．Sorrow. D．Barrier.27．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．People’sWhelmingReactionToAYardContestInSwedenB．LawnsAndRareBandicootsCallingForUrgentProtectionC．ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCauseD．TheWorld’sUgliestLawnUnacceptedByTheWholeWorld【答案】24．A25．D26．B27．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞稿。文章主要介紹瑞典庭院比賽組織者推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎。24．推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.ButthatisexactlythekindofyardpetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe‘World’sUgliestLawn’.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated(脫水的)grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.(棕色干燥的草坪不是很多園丁會夸耀的。但這正是瑞典庭院比賽組織者在推出‘世界上最丑草坪’獎時所希望的。來自世界各地的人們被邀請在社交媒體上發(fā)布他們脫水草的照片，以贏得這一不確定的榮譽。)”可推測，該獎項非常規(guī)獎項，所以人們甚至懷疑它的真實性。故選A項。25．推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof‘savingwateronaglobalscalebychangingthenormforgreenlawns’.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsofwatertomaintain,areingunderincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmorefrequentandintense.(據(jù)該項目背后的人說，其目的是提高人們對‘通過改變綠色草坪的規(guī)范在全球范圍內(nèi)節(jié)約用水’的認識。由于氣候變化使干旱期更加頻繁和強烈，草坪可能需要大量的水來維持，因此草坪正受到越來越多的審查。)”可知，這場庭院比賽的目的是提醒人們注意缺水問題。故選D項。26．詞句猜測題。由文章第四段“TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.(這個不太可能的頭銜被授予了居住在澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞州桑福德的KathleenMurray。)”可知，KathleenMurray獲得“世界上最丑草坪”獎，所以劃線單詞的句子應(yīng)表示Murray在新聞稿中談到了她的獲獎的成功，所以猜測triumph表“成功”。故選B項。27．主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.ButthatisexactlythekindofyardpetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe‘World’sUgliestLawn’.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated(脫水的)grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.(棕色干燥的草坪不是很多園丁會夸耀的。但這正是瑞典庭院比賽組織者在推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎時所希望的。來自世界各地的人們被邀請在社交媒體上發(fā)布他們脫水草的照片，以贏得這一不確定的榮譽。)”以及后文可知，文章主要介紹瑞典庭院比賽組織者為了提醒人們注意缺水問題，推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎。所以C項ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCause(一塊草坪被評為全球最丑陋草坪，只為做一件好事)符合語境。故選C項。CHowisitthataflyalwaysseemstobebuzzingaroundyourfoodmomentsafteryousitdownforanoutdoormeal?Theanswerispractice.Or,morespecifically:evolution(進化).Fliesandotherinsectshavebeenonamultimillionyearjourneyofevolution,improvingtheirabilitytodetectfood.Beingabletozeroinonnutritiousmealsisamatteroflifeanddeath.ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy—theblowflies—arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They’veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallyeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.Thereisalotofpetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheirpetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies’mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojections(凸起)fromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptors(受體)forspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They’redetectingthesweetsmellofsugarbasedmolecules,anenergyrichfoodsourceforus.What’sa“good”ora“bad”smellcandifferdependingontheanimaldoingthesmelling.Theattractiverottingmeatstench(惡臭)thataflyfindsdelightfulisperceivedquitedifferentlybyapersonpassingbyanunpleasantgarbagecanonahotday.Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans“nutritiousflyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.28．Whydoestheauthorfocusonblowfliesinhisstudy?A．Theyhaveattractivedeepgreencolors.B．Theyhavegonethroughmuchevolution.C．Theyhaveunusualabilitytosensesmells.D．Theyareeasiertocontrolthanotherspecies.29．Inwhichfielddoblowflieshaveanadvantageovertheirpetitors?A．Detectingfoodresources. B．Designingflyingroutes.C．Producingnutritionoutofgarbage. D．Escapingfromenemies.30．Howdoestheauthordevelopthefourthparagraph?A．Byexplainingaprinciple. B．Bymakingaparison.C．Byfollowingtimeorder. D．Bydescribingaprocess.31．What’sthemessageimpliedinthelastparagraph?A．It’srathereasytowipeouttheblowflies.B．Nutritiousfoodsusuallyhaveattractivesmells.C．Thereceptorsplayakeyroleinflies’survival.D．Fliesfindasmellsignalmuchfasterthanhumans.【答案】28．C29．A30．B31．C【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，文章以綠頭蒼蠅為例，解釋了蒼蠅是如何通過感受器快速探測食物的，它們的氣味感受器在蒼蠅的生存中起到了重要的作用。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy—theblowflies—arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They’veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallyeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.(我研究的蒼蠅家族——綠頭蒼蠅——是一種嗡嗡作響的蒼蠅，通常是一種美麗的金屬藍色，帶有青銅色和綠色。他們已經(jīng)完善了快速感知野餐和垃圾桶自然產(chǎn)生的氣味的能力)”可知，作者關(guān)注綠頭蒼蠅是由于它們有不同尋常的嗅覺能力。故選C。29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thereisalotofpetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheirpetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.(像一個滿溢的垃圾桶這樣的資源會有很多競爭，因為垃圾的營養(yǎng)價值很高，里面有腐爛的肉。但綠頭蒼蠅能比它們的競爭對手或人類更早地嗅到這些氣味，而且往往會先出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)場)”可知，綠頭蒼蠅比起競爭對手能更快地探測食物資源。故選A。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies’mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojectionsfromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptorsforspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They’redetectingthesweetsmellofsugarbasedmolecules,anenergyrichfoodsourceforus.(感應(yīng)系統(tǒng)因昆蟲和物種的不同而不同。綠頭蒼蠅的主要感知器官是它們的觸角，這是它們頭部的兩個薄薄的突起，上面覆蓋著細小的毛發(fā)。這些細毛是由特殊的細胞組成的，這些細胞含有對特定氣味的感受器。想想剛從烤箱里出來的一批巧克力餅干。你可以聞到它們的香味，因為我們?nèi)祟惐亲觾?nèi)部的細胞表面有感受器。這些感受器向大腦發(fā)送信號：前方有美味的食物。它們能探測到糖基分子的甜味，這是一種能量豐富的食物來源)”可知，文章第四段作者是通過將蒼蠅的感受器和人的感受器進行對比來描述的。故選B。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans“nutritiousflyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.(但是任何能夠探測到有用的氣味信號，意味著“這里有營養(yǎng)的蒼蠅食物”的蒼蠅，將具有優(yōu)勢。隨著時間的推移，擁有這些氣味感受器的昆蟲將有更好的存活率，并產(chǎn)生更多的后代)”可推知，氣味感受器在蒼蠅的生存中起到了重要的作用。故選C。DAmericanslovetheirautomobiles.Solong,itseems,astheydon’trunonbatteries.AsurveypublishedinJulybythePewResearchCentrefoundthatlessthantwofifthsofthemwouldconsiderbuyinganelectricvehicle(EV).DespiteexpandingchargingnetworksandmoreEVmodelstochoosefrom,thatisaslightlylowersharethantheyearbefore.ThebiggestblocktoEVenthusiasminAmericaisprice.TheaverageEVtheresellsfor$52,000,estimatesCoxAutomotive,aconsultancy.Thatisnotaworldawayfromthe$48,000thatAmericanstypicallypayforapetrolvehicle.Buttotalcostsofownership,whichbinethesalespriceandrunningcostsforfiveyears,varymorewidely.At$65,000,thetypicalEVis$9,000moreexpensivetoownthanapetrolcar(owingtofactorslikepriceyhomechargers,dearerinsuranceand,paredwithEuropeandChina,inexpensivepetrol).AllthisleavesAmerica’scarindustrycirclingaroundabout.Consumers’unwillingnesstopayforexpensiveEVsisforcingcarmakerstotakeactiontoshiftstock(庫存).Teslahascutitspricesseveraltimesinthepastyear.Carmakersareofferingaveragediscountsofalmost10%ontheirEVs,morethantwiceasgenerousasforpetrolcars.Butthisismakingitevenharderforthepaniestomakemoneyfrombatterypower.Continuedlossesinturnmaymakecarfirmsloseappetitetoinvestinabroaderelectricofferingthatwouldappealtobuyers.Americancarmakersarestillhopingtheycanescapethisvicious(惡性的)circle.TheyaremostlypostponingtheirAmericanEVinvestmentsratherthanpullingtheplugonthem.AndfromJanuarytheEVtaxcredits(免稅)willalsobeavailableatthepointofsale,makingitlessburdensomeforbuyerstotakeadvantageofthem.Allthiscouldeventuallygenerateprofitsforcarfirms.Eventuallymay,though,eabitlaterthanhoped.32．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．ThelackofdiversityofEVs.B．TheuncertainprospectofEVs.C．ThebarriertothepurchaseofEVs.D．TheurgencyofpricereductiononEVs.33．HowdocarmakersdealwiththedepressedEVindustry?A．IssuingEVtaxcreditspolicy.B．OfferingbetterdiscountsonEVs.C．Cuttingdownthecostofproduction.D．Investinginawiderelectricoffering.34．Whatisthecarmakers’attitudetowardsthefutureofEVindustry?A．Dissatisfied. B．Dismissive. C．Cautious. D．Casual.35．Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A．IsAmerica’sEVRevolutionSuspending?B．DoElectricVehiclesOutweighPetrolCars?C．EVRevolutionIsPromotingEnergyTransitionD．EVIsGraduallyDominatingAmerica’sCarIndustry【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了美國電動汽車行業(yè)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和困境，包括電動汽車價格昂貴導(dǎo)致購買者熱情不高，增加銷售折扣導(dǎo)致利潤下降等問題，文章最后指出，美國汽車制造商仍希望擺脫當(dāng)前的困境，實現(xiàn)盈利可能會比預(yù)期的時間晚一些。32．主旨大意題。第二段第一句“ThebiggestblocktoEVenthusiasminAmericaisprice.(在美國，阻礙電動汽車熱情的最大障礙是價格。)”是此段主題句，指出價格是阻礙美國人購買電動汽車的最大障礙；下文通過引用咨詢公司CoxAutomotive的數(shù)據(jù)，通過具體的數(shù)字來說明價格是最大障礙；由此可知，這一段主要討論了影響美國人購買電動汽車熱情的障礙——電動汽車的擁有成本較高。故選C。33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Consumers’unwillingnesstopayforexpensiveEVsisforcingcarmakerstotakeactiontoshiftstock(庫存).Teslahascutitspricesseveraltimesinthepastyear.Carmakersareofferingaveragediscountsofalmost10%ontheirEVs,morethantwiceasgenerousasforpetrolcars.(消費者不愿為昂貴的電動汽車買單，迫使汽車制造商采取行動轉(zhuǎn)移庫存。在過去的一年里，特斯拉已經(jīng)多次降價。汽車制造商提供的電動汽車平均折扣接近10%，是汽油車的兩倍多。)”可知，美國汽車制造商被迫在電動汽車上提供大幅折扣以銷出庫存，以應(yīng)對電動汽車行業(yè)的低迷。故選B。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Americancarmakersarestillhopingtheycanescapethisvicious(惡性的)circle.TheyaremostlypostponingtheirAmericanEVinvestmentsratherthanpullingtheplugonthem.(美國汽車制造商仍然希望他們能夠擺脫這種惡性循環(huán)。他們大多推遲了在美國的電動汽車投資，而不是停止投資。)”可知，美國汽車制造商仍然希望能擺脫這種惡性循環(huán)，他們大多推遲了在美國的電動汽車投資，而不是停止投資；由此可知，美國汽車制造商對電動汽車行業(yè)的未來持謹慎態(tài)度。故選C。35．主旨大意題。文章第一段“Americanslovetheirautomobiles.Solong,itseems,astheydon’trunonbatteries.AsurveypublishedinJulybythePewResearchCentrefoundthatlessthantwofifthsofthemwouldconsiderbuyinganelectricvehicle(EV).DespiteexpandingchargingnetworksandmoreEVmodelstochoosefrom,thatisaslightlylowersharethantheyearbefore.(美國人喜歡他們的汽車。這么久了，似乎是因為它們不是靠電池運行的。皮尤研究中心7月發(fā)布的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有不到五分之二的人會考慮購買電動汽車。盡管充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)不斷擴大，電動汽車車型也越來越多，但這一比例略低