新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題43 概要寫作高分技巧與演練（原卷版）

專題43概要寫作高分技巧與演練（原卷版）目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u專題43概要寫作高分技巧與演練（原卷版） 1Part1命題解讀 1Part2思維導(dǎo)圖 2Part3概要寫作評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及解讀 2（1）總結(jié) 3（2）評分原則 3（3）高考真題與樣卷特點(diǎn) 4Part4四步突破法 4第1步：讀懂原文，明確篇章結(jié)構(gòu) 4第2步：去次留精，提煉關(guān)鍵信息 4第3步：歸納要點(diǎn)，合理轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá) 5第4步：句式多樣，注意過渡銜接 5Part5高考真題 61．2019年6月浙江卷 62．2018年11月浙江卷 73．考試說明樣卷 8Part7模擬演練 91.1 92.2 103.3 114.4 125.5 13Part1命題解讀 概要寫作是新高考啟用的新題型，給出一篇300字左右的文章(體裁多為說明文、記敘文，練習(xí)時偶見其它文體)，要求縮寫成一篇不超過60字的小短文，縮寫的內(nèi)容覆蓋原文的要點(diǎn)。概要寫作是對原文的高度濃縮，是閱讀者在不改變原文的中心思想、體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下用簡潔、精煉的語言表述一篇文章的主要內(nèi)容、基本觀點(diǎn)或事實(shí)。它主要包括閱讀和寫作兩個過程。Part2思維導(dǎo)圖Part3概要寫作評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及解讀檔次描述第五檔（21-25）—理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)；—能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；—完全使用自己的語言。第四檔（16-20）—理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋絕大部分要點(diǎn)；—所使用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯可能有些許錯誤，但完全不影響意義表達(dá)；—比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；—有個別整句抄自原文。第三檔（11-15）—理解較為準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋大部分要點(diǎn)；—所使用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯雖有些錯誤，但不影響意義表達(dá)；—應(yīng)用簡單的語句間連接成分，使上下文內(nèi)容連貫；—出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象。第二檔（6-10）—理解有誤差，僅涵蓋半數(shù)要點(diǎn)；—有些語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了意義的表達(dá)；—較少使用語句間的連接成分，全文內(nèi)容缺少連貫性；—出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象。第一檔（1-5）—沒有理解原文，造成概要內(nèi)容與原文主題不符；—有較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面的錯誤，嚴(yán)重影響了意義的表達(dá)；—缺乏語句間的連接成分，全文內(nèi)容不連貫；—多個句子抄自原文。0白卷、內(nèi)容太少無法評判或所寫內(nèi)容與所提供內(nèi)容無關(guān)。（1）總結(jié)1.簡潔性：即用盡量少的語言對較長原文的簡潔重述；2.自主性：即用自己的話語進(jìn)行概寫，避免對原文進(jìn)行抄襲照搬；3.理解性：即表現(xiàn)作者對原文本的精準(zhǔn)理解。需要注意的是，考生不能對原文進(jìn)行解釋和評論，也不能摻雜任何個人想法，或做出任何評判，因此不能出現(xiàn)“Ibelieve”,

“Ithink”等字句；4.忠實(shí)性：即概寫內(nèi)容和中心思想必須忠于原文主旨，不可偏離主題、肆意篡改；5.連貫性：概要寫作并非簡單羅列要點(diǎn)，各個要點(diǎn)之間要有恰當(dāng)銜接，使概要銜接緊密、脈絡(luò)清晰。寫出的概要讀起來要完整連貫、獨(dú)立成篇。（2）評分原則1.本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。2.評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。3.詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。4.評分時，應(yīng)主要從以下四個方面考慮：(1)對原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；(2)應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性；(3)上下文的連貫性；(4)對各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況。5.拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個重要方面，評分時，應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。6.如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個檔次。（3）高考真題與樣卷特點(diǎn)卷別長度體裁

主題類型2019.6369說明文父母如何恰當(dāng)表揚(yáng)孩子概要2018.11358說明文在申請大學(xué)前，最好親自提前了解大學(xué)相關(guān)信息概要考試說明樣卷398議論文在歷史發(fā)展過程中，人們對于灰塵的看法在不斷地發(fā)生變化概要Part4四步突破法 第1步：讀懂原文，明確篇章結(jié)構(gòu)寫概要之前，一定要先通讀原文，確定文章的體裁和主題。在正確把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明確原文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)意義劃分文中的自然段，意義段的數(shù)量對應(yīng)的就是要點(diǎn)的數(shù)量。[提醒]一個自然段不一定是一個要點(diǎn)，有時幾個自然段說明一個要點(diǎn)，有時一個自然段包含數(shù)個要點(diǎn)。 第2步：去次留精，提煉關(guān)鍵信息·明確全文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)后，就要處理原文的內(nèi)容，目的是保留主要內(nèi)容，刪除次要內(nèi)容?！は日页鲋黝}句，同時標(biāo)注與主題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，最后歸納的要點(diǎn)往往是這些詞句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。·原文描述性的語言、細(xì)節(jié)性的信息如列舉數(shù)字和列舉的事例等無須在概要中一一列出。例如：eq\a\vs4\al(Don'tforgettheclock)—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeq\a\vs4\al(eatslowly)tendtoeq\a\vs4\al(consume)about70eq\a\vs4\al(fewercalories)(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.eq\a\vs4\al(Beginkeepingtrackofthetime)，andtrytoeq\a\vs4\al(makedinnerlastatleast30minutes).Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.(畫線部分為主題句)本段落主要內(nèi)容為吃飯慢減少對熱量的攝入，因此要將用餐時間延長至至少三十分鐘。用自己的語言將畫線部分重組后，關(guān)鍵信息如下：Recordthetimeandsetdinnertimeforhalfanhouraseatingslowlyhelpstakeinlesscalories. 第3步：歸納要點(diǎn)，合理轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)明確每個意義段的關(guān)鍵信息后，接下來應(yīng)用自己的語言準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)各意義段的要點(diǎn)。為避免和原文的句子重復(fù)，可利用同義轉(zhuǎn)述和句式轉(zhuǎn)換這兩種形式歸納要點(diǎn)。各要點(diǎn)的詞數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)文中對應(yīng)內(nèi)容的篇幅來定，分清主次。轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)注意遵循2個原則①不增不減不曲：客觀精準(zhǔn)地表述原文要點(diǎn)，不增添不屬于原材料的信息或刪減原材料關(guān)鍵信息或改變原材料所表達(dá)的意思。②不繁：在正確理解原文的前提下，用簡潔的語言表達(dá)與所給材料一致的信息。例如：Yourhousemayhaveaneq\a\vs4\al(effect)onyoureq\a\vs4\al(figure).Expertssaythewayyoueq\a\vs4\al(design)youreq\a\vs4\al(home)couldeq\a\vs4\al(playarolein)whetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomeeq\a\vs4\al(ways)toturnyoureq\a\vs4\al(home)intopartofyoureq\a\vs4\al(diet)plan.(畫線句為主題句)主題句關(guān)鍵詞如畫線所示：The_wayyoudesignyourhomemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)時可利用同義替換將ways改為tips;Thewayyoudesignyourhome改為Howtohaveyourhomedesigned。主題句轉(zhuǎn)換為Howtohaveyourhomedesignedaffectsyourfigure.Belowaretipstodesignyourhometohelpdiet. 第4步：句式多樣，注意過渡銜接在概要中合理使用非謂語、從句和特殊句式等使句式豐富多樣，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)不可過長，也不要用太復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。同時選用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞銜接上下文，保證概要部分內(nèi)容的連貫性?！静呗匝菔尽块喿x下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 (2018年11月，浙江卷)It'sareallyeq\a\vs4\al(goodidea)toeq\a\vs4\al(visitcolleges)beforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisiting_and_seeing_for_yourself_the_dorms,_classrooms_and_athletic_equipment_and,_of_course,_the_students.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyifeq\a\vs4\al(theschoolsyouareapplyingto)eq\a\vs4\al(happentobemorethanacarrideaway).Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'seq\a\vs4\al(noexcuse)nottoeq\a\vs4\al(visit)theeq\a\vs4\al(schools)inyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,eq\a\vs4\al(gotocheckitout)！Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldeq\a\vs4\al(findsometime)betweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstoeq\a\vs4\al(visit)theeq\a\vs4\al(schools)you'dliketoattend.It_can_save_you_a_lot_of_heartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,theneq\a\vs4\al(checkout)theeq\a\vs4\al(onlinecollegefairs)atCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顧問),anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part5高考真題2019年6月浙江卷閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorof

TheAtoZGuide

toRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward."Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorof

ParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters."Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate（相稱的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.2018年11月浙江卷閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus（校園）likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheadacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors（顧問）,anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairatcollegeweeklive.com.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.考試說明樣卷Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughtolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好處)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.Part7模擬演練1閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Itisimportantthatyouteachyourbabytoreadatanearlyage.Why?Obviously,beingabletoreadisthebasisforanysuccessfuleducation,sotheearliertheystart,thebetter.Alltoooften,parentsleaveeducatingtheirchildrenuptoschools,whichprobablyexplainswhytheUnitedStatesiscurrentlyranked18thinitsrateofreadingandwriting.Teachingyourbabytoreadprovidesbrainexerciseandithasalsobeenshowntoincreasethebaby’sIQbecausethereissimplynobettertimeinaperson’slifeforlearningthanwhentheyarebabies.Duringthistime,theirbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.Thesoonertheybegintoread,thesoonertheycanbegintolearnothersubjects.Thisway,bythetimeyourchildrenbeginschool,theywillalreadyknowwhat’sbeingtaught,andwillbeputonthefasttrack.Maybetheywillevenskipagradedowntheroad.Oneofthecaseswas17-month-oldElizabethBarrettwhodrewpublic’sattention.Shewasgivenaseriesofwordsandevensentencesthatshecouldreadquitewell.Herparentshadbeenreadingtohersinceshewasbornandhadprovidedherwithaveryearlyeducation.Readingisthemostimportantthingtoteachbabiesatayoungage.Itdoesn’thavetobestressfulordifficultforyourchild.Learningcanbefunatsuchanearlyage,anditcanbeaccomplishedsoeasilythattheywon’thavetostruggleinordertolearn.Ifyou’reinterestedinteachingyourbabytoread，thebestwaytostartisbyspendingjustafewminuteseveryday.Flashcardsareahelpfultool.Simplyshowyourbabymatchingpictureontheoppositeside.Therearealsovideosthathelptoteachbabiestoread.Thereisnobettertimetoteachyourbabytoreadthanthepresent.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Themantarayisoneofthelargestfishesintheworld,reachingupto29feetinwidth.Andmantaraysaresomeofthefriendliestcreatures.Theyallowdiverstoswimrightuptothem.Unfortunately,thesegentleanimalsareinbigtrouble.Since2011,mantarayshavebeenlistedasathreatenedspeciesworldwide.Overfishingisconsideredthebiggestthreattogiantmantanumbers,bothintentionalandaccidental.Peoplecatchmantaraysfortheirgillplates—thepartsthroughwhichtheyfiltertheirfoodfromseawater—aresoldinChinaformedicalpurposes.Drivenbythehugedemand,fishermenhavehuntedthemmercilessly.From2010to2013,thenumberofrayskilledannuallytosupplythegillplatemarkettripledto150,000.Clearly,overfishingisbadforanyseacreature,butit’sevenworseforgiantmantarays.Femalemantasusuallyhaveonlyonebaby,everytwotofiveyears.Soeverymantaraythatwascaughthurtsthepopulationinabigway.Toprotectgiantmantapopulation,Peru,acountryinSouthAmerica,recentlytookabigsteptoprotectgiantmantarays.Itbannedfishingforthem.Peoplewhobreakthelawcanbefinedorhavetheirfishinglicensestakenaway.Evenmantarayscaughtaccidentallyinfishingnetsmustbereleased.Althoughothercountrieshavepassedlawstoprotectmantarays,Peru’smaybethemostimportantoneyet,becausetherearemoregiantmantaraysinthePacificOceannearPeruthaninanyotherplaceintheworld.ScientistsworkingintheMantaTrust,anorganizationthatresearchesmantarays,arealsotryingtoprotectmantaraysbylearningmoreaboutthem.Earlierthisyear,theorganizationattachedvideocameras,calledCrittercams,tomantaraysoffthewestcoastofMexico.Thephotosthecamerascollectcouldhelpresearcherspredictwhereandwhenmantaraysswim.Thescientistcouldusetheinformationtowarnfishingboatstoavoidtheseareas,helpingreducethenumberofaccidentallycaughtmantarays.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parentsalwayswantthebestfortheirchildrenandgivingthem;thebesteducationisalwaysontopofthelist.Butifyouthinkeducationisalltheyneed,maybeyoushouldthinktwice.Sure,youlearnalotofthingsinschool,butthereareimportantlessonsandskillsyouwillneedinlifethatonecanonlylearnathome.Therefore,teachingthechildrentodohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth.Mostfamiliesnowadayshirehousemaidstodothechores,sochildrendon’tgettoexperiencedoingitanymore.Butstudiesarguethatit’sstillnecessarytoletchildrendothem.Helpingathomecanbeatrainingplaceforyourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.Bydoingso,theycanlearnwhatmightbeoftheiradvantagewhentheygrowup.“Performingchoresofferskidsafeelingofself-sufficiency,helpsthemdevelopaworkethic,istiedtoacademicsuccessinschool,makesthemfeelusefulandteachesthemtheimportanceofhelpingothersandcontributingtothegreatergood.”Although,mostparentscanalsoarguethatitisnoteasytoforcetheirchildrentodochores.Itisanatureforthechildrentorefusetodochoreswhentheyaretoldto.Buttherearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoamorelikelyactivityforthechildren.First,startthemyoung.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyouletyourchildrendohugetasksatanearlyage.Youcangraduallyincreasetheleveloftasksastheygrowoldbutnevereverpushthemtoohard.Second,appreciateeverylittleachievement.Praisethemorgivethemsomething.Childrenloverewardsanditdrivesthemtodobetter.Mostimportantly,letthemknowthataskingthemtohelp-outisnotapunishment.Choresshouldneverbeusedasapunishment.Theymightgetdoneintheshortterm,buttheeffectswon’tlast.Thisapproachdoesnotgivethechildthefeelingofdoingsomethingbecauseitistherightthingtodo.Itonlymakesthemhatechoresandhopingoutevenmore.Choresshouldbeusedasasenseofpurpose.Explaintothemthatitisfortheirbenefitandeverythingtheylearnfromitisfortheiradvantage.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Beesareverystrangecreatures.Theyhavetheirownwayoftellingeachotherthattheyhavefoundanewflower.Theybringsomeofitsnectar(花蜜)backhomeandthendoalittledancethatshowswheretheflowerisandhowfarawayitis.Inautumntheworkerbeesgooutandcollectasmuchnectarandpollen(花粉)astheycancarry.Thentheyreturntomakehoneyandstoreitforthelongcoldwinter.Beesbuildtheirownhousesbuttheydonotalwayshaveroundtopslikepeopledrawtheminstorybooks.Theyareusuallyfivestoreyshigh.Thequeenbeealwayshasthebottomstorey.Inbetweenthebottomstoreyandalltheresttherearebarsonlyjustwideenoughfortheworkerstopassthrough.Thequeenbeecannevergouptotheotherfloorsbecausesheisbiggerthanalltheotherbees.Thestoreysthequeencan’tenterarewherethestoreroomsare.Thereareroomsforpollen,nectarandroyaljellies(蜂王漿).Ifthereisafiretheworkershavetocoverthewallsandentranceoftherooms.Theyhavetomovethehoneyandthenectarandpollenawayfromthehotwallsoftheroom.Thequeenistheonlythatcanlayeggs.Shemateswithamalebeecalledadrone.Oncethequeenhaslaidtheeggsshethrowsthedroneoutbecauseadronejustsitsaroundeatinghoneyandnectar.Hecannotgooutandcollectpollenbecausedronesdonothavepollen-carryingthingsontheirlegsliketheworkershave.Youngbeesarecallednursesbecausetheyhavetonursethenewbornbeeswhethertheylikeitornot.Whatabeeendsupbeingwhenitgrowsupdependsonwhatiteats.Ifitistobeaqueenitmustfeedonroyaljelliesanditmustnever,everseteyesonanotherqueen.Ifitdoestheymustfighttillonlyoneofthemisstillalive.5閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Collegestudentsneedtextbookstohelpthemlearnandearnanacademicdegree.However,ontopoftuition,roomandboardandmeals,whyaretextbookssoexpensive?Textbookscovermanyareasofknowledge.Theyarepreparedspecific