2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第2部分人與社會(huì)主題群4科學(xué)與技術(shù)主題語境1社會(huì)進(jìn)步與人類文明教師用書教案

PAGE主題群四科學(xué)與技術(shù)主題語境(一)社會(huì)進(jìn)步與人類文明閱讀理解A(2024·天津5月卷·D)Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory，askingyourselfthequestion“whyishistoryimportant”isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest，orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy，andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper，moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts，andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging，whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.Accordingtotheexperts，problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic(具有共情實(shí)力的)．Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight(洞察力)intowhyourculturedoescertainthings，andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance(無知)．We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.What'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland，andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens，andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels，anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere，andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast，butwecandefinitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇爭論文，探討了歷史的意義以及學(xué)習(xí)歷史的重要性。1．Theunderlinedpart“wherewearetoday”inPara.2probablymeans________.A．theturningpointinourhistoryB．thepresentstateofournationC．thelocationofourhomelandD．thetotalareaofourcountryB[句意理解題。依據(jù)畫線部分所在句“Historyisanimportant...learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper，moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts，andhowwegottowherewearetoday.”可知，作者意在表達(dá)學(xué)習(xí)祖國的歷史可以讓我們更深化、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過去，以及我們是如何到達(dá)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)的，故“wherewearetoday”指的是我們國家現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，故B項(xiàng)正確。]2．Accordingtotheexperts，whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?A．Theproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.B．Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.C．Thecurrentchallengesoflifewerepredictedbytheancestors.D．Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Accordingtotheexperts，problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors，onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.”可知，現(xiàn)在的人們面對(duì)的問題與過去的人們面對(duì)的問題是相同的，故現(xiàn)在的人們可以借鑒古人解決問題的方法，故A項(xiàng)正確。]3．WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?A．Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.B．Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C．Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.D．Historyhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.”“Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.”可知，學(xué)習(xí)歷史可以幫助我們了解其他的文化，提升我們的跨文化意識(shí)，故D項(xiàng)正確。]4．WiththeexampleinPara.5，thewriterintendstoshowthat________.A．CharlesDickenscontributesmuchtoBritishliteratureB．OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityaboutromanticpoetsC．readingnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperiodD．studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfieldsD[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段主題句“Historycaninspireustolearnmore.”以及所舉例子的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)十九世紀(jì)的英國歷史時(shí)，你可能會(huì)看到查爾斯·狄更斯的小說《霧都孤兒》。當(dāng)查閱有關(guān)查爾斯·狄更斯的信息時(shí)，你可能會(huì)學(xué)到一些關(guān)于現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的東西。或者你可能最終會(huì)把留意力從小說上移開，了解到浪漫主義詩人的歷史。由此可推知，作者舉例是為了說明學(xué)習(xí)歷史可以引起人們對(duì)其他領(lǐng)域的愛好，故D項(xiàng)正確。]5．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoBuildCulturalIdentityB．WhyStudyingHistoryMattersC．KnowthePast，KnowthePresentD．History：aWaytoBroadenOne'sHorizonsB[標(biāo)題推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Ifyou'restudyinghistory，askingyourselfthequestion‘whyishistoryimportant’isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.”可知，作者開篇提出“歷史為何重要”的問題，之后從四個(gè)方面(其次至五段)來回答這一問題；最終一段中的“Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.”呼應(yīng)主題，強(qiáng)調(diào)歷史的價(jià)值不行被低估。綜上所述，文章意在向讀者說明學(xué)習(xí)歷史為何重要，故B項(xiàng)作文章標(biāo)題最佳。]B(2024·浙江7月卷·B)ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue，Washington，generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow，especiallyatrushhour.At9：30am，thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9：33am，aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9：37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself，thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue，afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle，usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS：intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights，knownasadaptivesignals，haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed，”saysAlexStevanovic，aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.ForallofBellevue'ssuccess，adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke，aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute，saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities，othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.“It'snotgoingtofixeverything，butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities，”hesays.InBellevue，theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast，therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic：justwidentheroads，saysMarkPoch，theBellevueTransportationDepartment'strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了美國的一種可調(diào)整式的交通信號(hào)燈。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A．Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B．Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C．Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D．Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.C[代詞指代題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Thetrafficsignals...By9：33am，aburstof...Lesstrafficat9：37am...changes”可以推知，that指代第一段中的多變的交通信號(hào)燈時(shí)間，故選C項(xiàng)。]7．WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?A．Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.B．Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.C．Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.D．Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段中的“othersaresojammedthatonly...It'snotgoingtofixeverything，butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities”可知，KevinBalke認(rèn)為可調(diào)整式的交通信號(hào)燈對(duì)小城市的交通改善是有用的，但對(duì)交通極度擁堵的城市而言，作用并不是特別大，故選D項(xiàng)。]8．WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue'ssuccess?A．Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.B．Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C．Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.D．Thesimplestwayisthebestway.A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段中的“theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches”可推知，從Bellevue裝可調(diào)整式交通信號(hào)燈一事上不難發(fā)覺，它的勝利在于主動(dòng)嘗試新事物，故選A項(xiàng)。]語法填空(2024·浙江7月卷)Sometimeafter10000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived1.________，throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson2.________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson3.________huntingandgathering，sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood4.________(need)．Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology5.________(change)lives.Byabout6000BC，people6.________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe7.________(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，8.________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(澆灌)theirfields.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，with9.________riseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods10.________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso，thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.【語篇解讀】文章主要介紹了人類農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。1．in[考查介詞。livein是固定詞組，表示“在……地方生活”，故填in。]2．what[考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。依據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)可知，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作on的賓語。由于該賓語從句中缺少主語，同時(shí)空處表示“……的事物”，故填what。]3．than[考查介詞。依據(jù)上文的morefood可知，此處是more...than...結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“比……多……”。]4．wasneeded[考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)。結(jié)合句意“誕生的孩子越多，須要的糧食就越多”可知，morefood與need構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且文章的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故填wasneeded。]5．tochange[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式)。依據(jù)語境可知，“農(nóng)業(yè)給了人們首次用技術(shù)的力氣去變更生活的體驗(yàn)”，故接不定式作定語。]6．haddiscovered[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Byabout6000BC可知，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，故填haddiscovered。]7．seasons[考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。依據(jù)常識(shí)和語境可知，人們起先依據(jù)季節(jié)更替來種植莊稼，故填seasons。]8．making[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞(現(xiàn)在分詞)。結(jié)合and和上文的planting可知，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)填making與其并列。]9．the[考查冠詞。依據(jù)空后的riseofscience可知，此處是名詞的限定性修飾，語意表示“科學(xué)的興起”，故填定冠詞the，表示特指。]10．meant[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。結(jié)合句意可知，Newmethods與mean是主謂關(guān)系，同時(shí)文章的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故填meant。]Ⅰ.寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1．horizonn．視野，眼界2．romanticadj.浪漫的3．a(chǎn)bsolutelyadv.當(dāng)然；確定地4．underestimatev．低估5．a(chǎn)ncientadj.古老的6．handlev．處理7．literaturen．文學(xué)8．timingn．計(jì)時(shí)9．popularityn．熱度，流行10．beneficialadj.有益的11．switchn．&v.開關(guān)12．reactionn．反應(yīng)13．managern．經(jīng)理14．a(chǎn)griculturen．農(nóng)業(yè)15．a(chǎn)cceleratev．加速16．a(chǎn)rtificialadj.人工的Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1．dozenn.一打2．noveln.小說3．satisfyv．使?jié)M意4．trafficn．交通5．burstv．迸發(fā)，爆發(fā)6．gainv．獲得，贏得7．demandv．要求8．huntv．打獵，找尋9．raisev．喂養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)Ⅲ.依據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1．civilizev．使文明化→civilizationn．文明2．richadj.豐富的→enrichv．豐富3．ignorev．忽視→ignorancen．無知；忽視4．realismn．現(xiàn)實(shí)主義→realistn．現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者5．concludev．總結(jié)→conclusionn．結(jié)論6．contributev．貢獻(xiàn)；撰稿→contributionn．貢獻(xiàn)7．a(chǎn)djustv．調(diào)整，適應(yīng)→adjustmentn．調(diào)整，適應(yīng)8．reducev．削減→reductionn．削減Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習(xí)語1．regardless_of盡管，不管2．catch_a_glimpse_of瞥見3．get_rid_of擺脫4．instead_of替代，而不是5．or_so大約[即時(shí)演練]單句語法填空1．IfIamluckyenoughtowintheelection，thefirstthingIwilldoistoenrich(rich)ourstudents'after-classactivities.2．Sheadmittedtoherselfshedidn'tknowhowto_handle_(handle)theproblem.3．Notonlyhasyourlectureleftadeepimpressiononusbutalsobroadenedourhorizons(horizon)．4．Teenagersclimbeddozens(dozen)offlightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.5．Tomgained(gain)friendshipandexperiencefromthelocalresidents,whenheworkedwiththem.6．Tothesatisfaction(satisfy)oftheboss,hisproductscouldsatisfytheneedsofthecustomers.7．Mobilephonesmustbe_switched(switch)offinsidethecastleinconsiderationofothervisitors.8．Headvocatedbuildingmoreschoolsinsteadofshopsinthisareaatthemeetingheldyesterday.9．Ourclubisopentoeveryoneregardlessofage,sexoreducationalbackground.10．Onceyoupickupsomebadhabitsyoumayfindithardtogetridofthem.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1．Studyinghistorycangiveusinsightintowhyourculturedoescertainthings，andhowthepasthaseq\a\vs4\al(shaped)eq\a\vs4\al(itintowhatweknownow.)塑造2．Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed.處理，解決3．Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.持續(xù)Ⅱ.似易實(shí)難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1．Historygroundsusinourroots.[譯文]歷史能讓我們找到自己的根。2．Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.[譯文]歷史有可能打破那些界限，它讓我們能洞察整個(gè)世界，否則我們對(duì)世界就會(huì)感覺特別生疏。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1．Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpseintoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.[分析]本句是and連接的并列句，第一個(gè)分句是Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy簡潔句，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。其次個(gè)分句本身是復(fù)合句，主句是learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper...。ourancestralpasts和howwegottowherewearetoday，都作介詞into的賓語，wherewearetoday是介詞to的賓語從句。[譯文]歷史是一個(gè)重要而好玩的探討領(lǐng)域，學(xué)習(xí)祖國的歷史可以讓我們更深化、更有意義地了解祖輩的過去以及我們是如何走到今日這個(gè)地步的。2．Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.[分析]主句主謂部分是Manypeoplefeellike。theyneedasenseofculturalbelonging是賓語從句，whichissomething是定語從句修飾asenseofculturalbelonging,that也引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾something。[譯文]許多人感覺他們須要一種文化歸屬感，這種歸屬感是探討自己的文化根源，對(duì)自己的文化發(fā)展持開明看法可供應(yīng)的。3．KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.[分析]主句主語是KevinBalke,謂語says，第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，賓語從句中又包含了while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句以及so...that...句型。在這個(gè)so...that句型中，that從句中的主語是asharpreduction，謂語部分是willmakeameaningfuldifference。[譯文]凱文·貝爾克是德州A&M交通學(xué)院的探討工程師，他說盡管智能交通燈對(duì)一些城市尤其有益，但另外一些城市交通擁堵嚴(yán)峻，只有大幅削減道路上的汽車數(shù)量才能真正起作用。1．scarev．使膽怯 n．驚恐(1)scareaway/off嚇跑givesb.ascare嚇了某人一跳(2)scaryadj.膽怯 的(3)scaredadj.感到驚惶的bescaredtotrynewthings膽怯 嘗試新東西bescaredofheights恐高bescaredofgoingoutalone不敢一個(gè)人外出scarethecataway把貓嚇跑了bescaredtodeath嚇?biāo)繹基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Itwasascarystoryandchildrenwerescaredaftertheyheardit.(scare)②AfterIheardtheterrifyingnews,nothingcouldhavestoppedmefromfeelingscared(scare)todeath.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯她不喜愛騎馬，因?yàn)樗卤获R踢。①Shedidn'tlikeriding，becauseshewasscaredto_be_kickedbythehorse.(不定式)②Shedidn'tlikeriding，becauseshewasscaredof_being_kickedbythehorse.(動(dòng)名詞)2.handlen．把手v．處理；駕駛；拿(1)flyoffthehandle大發(fā)雷霆(2)getahandleonsth.起先駕馭某事turnadoorhandle轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)門把手handlewithcare當(dāng)心輕放learntohandlestress學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)壓力[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Notknowingwhatwaswrongwithhiscar，Martindecidedtoaskanexperiencedmanto_handle(handle)theproblem.②(2024·浙江卷)However,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehad_handled(handle)thecall.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯由于這里無人知道機(jī)器故障出在哪里，我們必需找個(gè)工程師解決這個(gè)問題。①Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineerto_handle_the_problem.(handle)②Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineerto_deal_with_the_problem.(deal)3．conditionn．條件，狀況(1)outofcondition健康狀況不佳/條件狀況欠佳(2)onconditionthat假如；在……條件下；倘如onnocondition決不(3)under...conditions在……條件下(4)ingood/poorcondition狀況很好(壞)；狀況很好(壞)working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境theeconomicconditionofthecountry該國的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①WhatIwantyoutorealizeisthateverybodyislikelytobeinpoorcondition.②Onnoconditionshouldyouloseheartwhenyouareintrouble.③Itismanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions(condition)．[實(shí)力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Theyagreedtolendusthecarifwereturneditbeforetheweekend.高級(jí)表達(dá)：Theyagreedtolendusthecaron_condition_thatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.4．benefitn．利益；好處vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益(1)benefitfrom/by從……中獲益；得益于forthebenefitofsb.＝forone'sbenefit為了某人的利益(2)beneficialadj.有益的；有利的bebeneficialto...＝beofbenefitto...對(duì)……有益benefitalotfromthisactivity從這個(gè)活動(dòng)中獲益良多thebenefitsofmodernmedicine現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的裨益abenefitconcert慈善音樂會(huì)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①(2024·北京卷)Thestudentsbenefiting(benefit)mostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources.②Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.③Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitalsforthebenefitofallitscitizens.④Walkingisextremelybeneficial(benefit)toyourbodyshape.[實(shí)力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)/句式升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Ithasbeentwoweekssinceyoucametoourschoolfortheexchangeprogram，anditisgoodtoallofus.①高級(jí)表達(dá)：Ithasbeentwoweekssinceyoucametoourschoolfortheexchangeprogram，anditisof_benefit_toallofus.②高級(jí)表達(dá)：Ithasbeentwoweekssinceyoucametoourschoolfortheexchangeprogram，which_is_of_benefit_to_all_of_us.(非限制性定語從句)5．raisev．舉起；提出；撫養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng)；籌集(1)raise是及物動(dòng)詞，詞義較多，根義為“抬升”，基于所跟的對(duì)象不同，以及用于不同場景而具有不同的含義。(2)rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“升起”；arise是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“出現(xiàn)”；arouse是及物動(dòng)詞，表示“喚醒”。raisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection提升公眾的環(huán)保意識(shí)raisedoubtsabout...引起對(duì)……的懷疑develop/raiseanawarenessof...培育/提高……的意識(shí)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Thepurpose,though,wouldbenotjustto_raise(raise)revenuebuttochangebehavior.②Notonlydoesexerciseimproveourhealthbutalsoitmakesuscheerfulandraises(raise)ourlearningefficiency.[實(shí)力提升]——句式升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Hewasbroughtupinapoorfamily.Hefoundthateverythingintheoutsideworldarousedhiscuriosity.高級(jí)表達(dá)：Raised__in_a_poor_family,_hefoundthateverythingintheoutsideworldarousedhiscuriosity.(過去分詞短語作狀語)6．growv．生長；長大；種植；變得(1)用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“種植”。(2)用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“長大，生長”。(3)用作系動(dòng)詞，表示“變得”，多跟形容詞。(4)過去式grew，過去分詞grown，名詞形式growth“種植；生長”。slowlygrowaccustomedtothedark漸漸適應(yīng)了黑暗growuptobeindependent長大成人獨(dú)立生活thegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia社交媒體不斷增長的需求[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Wecanfindusinanexcitingworldeveryday,withthesunshiningbrightly,treesgrowing(grow)greenlyandflowerscomingoutwithallkindsofcolors.②Chinahasthelargestirrigatedareaofthefarmlandintheworldandgrows(grow)morethanathirdofthecropsoftheworld.③Theydebatedwitheachotherabouttheenvironmentprotectionandeconomicgrowth(grow)．[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯眾所周知，這個(gè)男孩長大后成了一個(gè)宏大的科學(xué)家。①Asisknowntoall,theboyhas_grown_up_to_be/has_grown_intoagreatscientist.(grow)②Asisknowntoall,theboyhas_becomeagreatscientist.(become)1．It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.在沒有對(duì)相關(guān)概念提出許多問題時(shí)幾乎不行能了解一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期。[句型公式]本句是否定前綴詞impossible和withoutdoing構(gòu)成的雙重否定句式，表達(dá)的是確定意義，意為“沒有……不行；除……不行”。(1)用否定前綴表達(dá)否定意義，搭配without結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)成雙重否定。(2)用否定詞表達(dá)否定意義，搭配without結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)成雙重否定。(3)還可以在否定句中搭配too，表示“再……也不為過”。[金句推送]Icouldn'thavegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.沒有你的慷慨幫助，我不行能熬過那段苦痛的日子。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Withoutpassion,peoplewon'thavethemotivationorthejoynecessaryforcreativethinking.②Fromthisexperience,Ilearnedthatbeingcarefulisveryimportantandthatwecan'tbetoocareful,especiallyinexaminations.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子①你如何重視讓孩子接受良好的教化都不為過。Youcan't_attach_too_great_importance_toyourchild'sreceivingagoodeducation.②動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋你就會(huì)發(fā)覺世上無難事。Useyourheadandyouwillfindnothing_is_impossibleintheworld.2．Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.在過去的大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，這些變更加快了。[句型公式]本句涉及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的一類標(biāo)記性時(shí)間狀語“inthelast＋時(shí)間段”，表示“在過去的多少時(shí)間里”，和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配運(yùn)用。(1)介詞除了運(yùn)用in，也可以運(yùn)用during,for,over等。(2)thelast也可以用thepast替換(3)假如只用inthepast，則和過去時(shí)態(tài)搭配。[金句推送]Inthelastfewyears,Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.在過去幾年里，中國在環(huán)境愛護(hù)上取得了宏大成就。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Theboy,likemanyotherEnglishlearners,has_met(meet)withmanydifficultiesinlearningEnglishduringthepastsevenyears.②(2024·江蘇卷)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiventenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子在過去幾十年里，醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使得人們比過去活得更久。In/During/Over_the_last_decades，advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.夯基固本·學(xué)問落實(shí)Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Youmustbecarefulwhenhandling(handle)chemicals.2．StudyinginChinacanhaveyourhorizonsbroadened(broaden)andgiveyouachancetoexperienceabundanttraditionalChineseculture.3．Formostpeople,it'salmostimpossible(possible)tooperateacomputerwithoutamouse,letalonesurftheInternet.4．Thelightninggavetheroomascary(scare)aspect.5．Whenyouleavetheroom,pleaseturnoffalltheswitches(switch)．Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．Whilemodellingbusinessisbynomeanstogetinto，thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.2．Inmyview,highschoolstudentsshouldhaveabalanceddietandeatmorefruitandvegetablesinsteadofjunkfood，whichcanbebeneficialtotheirhealth.3．Motherwasworriedaboutwhethershecouldadjusttolivinginthemountainousvillagealone.4．Hepulledinfrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.5．ThemomenttheplayersoftheChinesewomenvolleyballteamturnedup,theaudienceburstintocheers.強(qiáng)技提能·學(xué)問應(yīng)用Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·山東棗莊二模)WhenyouwalkthroughthedoorsofMortonOwens，whoisnow98，started1atthehospitalafterherhusbanddiednearly20yearsago.“Myhusbandwasa(n)2here，offandonforaboutsixweeksoverfouryears，”she3.“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”Toshowher4，Owenswantedtogivebackinabigway.“Idon'thaveseveralmilliondollars，butIcangivemy5，”shesaid.Owensisapproaching7,000hoursinvolunteertime.“Iusedtogivethreedaysaweek，”shesaid.“NowI'm6.SoIdon'tgetaroundasmuchasI7，soIonlygiveonedayaweek.”Togettoherweeklyfour-hour8，Owensreceivesaridefromavolunteerwhoshenowcallsherfriend.“Every9，Richardpicksmeupfrommyhomeandbringsmehere，”shesaid.“Idon'tbelievepeopleofmyageshouldbe10.”Inheryoungeryears，OwensusedtowalkupanddownthefashionrunwaysinNewYorkCityandRichmond，Virginia.Shealsohada(n)11tobeinthe1939filmclassicGonewiththeWind.Becauseshehadsomeotherworkatthetime，however，Owens12toturnitdown.“WhatIdidn'tdoinmylifeismore13thanwhatI'vedone，”shelaughs.14she'sinhergoldenyears，Owensplanstocontinuetoliveherlifewith15bygreetingeachpatientwithasmile.1．A.volunteering B．trainingC．working D．nursingA[依據(jù)下文中的“Owensisapproaching7,000hoursinvolunteertime.”可知，歐文斯在醫(yī)院做志愿者(volunteering)。]2．A.doctor B．expertC．patient D．a(chǎn)ssistantC[依據(jù)空后的“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”可知，歐文斯的丈夫生病的時(shí)候，醫(yī)院里的每個(gè)人對(duì)他們夫婦倆都很好，這說明歐文斯的丈夫曾是這家醫(yī)院的患者(patient)。]3．Amented B．promisedC．responded D．explainedD[空后的“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”是歐文斯說明時(shí)說的話，所以填explained。]4．A.attitude B．a(chǎn)ppreciationC．sympathy D．responseB[空前一句說歐文斯的丈夫生病住院的時(shí)候，醫(yī)院里的每個(gè)人對(duì)他們夫婦倆都很好，因此她要表達(dá)對(duì)醫(yī)院的感謝(appreciation)。]5．A.hand B．loveC．smile D．timeD[依據(jù)上文中的“Owens，whoisnow98，started...atthehospitalafterherhusbanddiednearly20yearsago.”可知，現(xiàn)年98歲的歐文斯在丈夫差不多20年前去世后就起先在醫(yī)院做志愿者。由此可知，此處是說她可以獻(xiàn)出自己的時(shí)間(time)。]6．A.old B．strongC．sick D．luckyA[依據(jù)上文中“Owens，whoisnow98”可知，歐文斯現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)98歲了，年紀(jì)已經(jīng)特別大了(old)。]7．A.hadto B．hopedtoC．usedto D．oughttoC[依據(jù)上文中的“Iusedtogivethreedaysaweek”及空后的“soIonlygiveonedayaweek”可知，歐文斯以前一周有三天去做志愿者，現(xiàn)在一周只有一天去做志愿者，這說明她現(xiàn)在年紀(jì)太大，不能像以前(usedto)那樣了。]8．A.stand B．rideC．turn D．shiftD[依據(jù)上文可知，歐文斯現(xiàn)在每周去醫(yī)院做一次志愿服務(wù)，因此此處指“去醫(yī)院上班(shift)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。]9．A.day B．MondayC．morning D．TuesdayD[依據(jù)上文中的“WhenyouwalkthroughthedoorsofMortonPlantHospitalonanearlyTuesdayafternoon，you'llbegreetedbythecomfortingvoiceofMaryEllenOwens.”可知，歐文斯每周二(Tuesday)去醫(yī)院做志愿服務(wù)。]10．A.struggling B．drivingC．running D．changingB[依據(jù)上文中的“Togettoherweeklyfour-hour________，Owensreceivesaridefromavolunteerwhoshenowcallsherfriend.”可知，為了每周四小時(shí)的輪班，她請(qǐng)一名志愿者載她上下班，這說明她不認(rèn)為像她這個(gè)年紀(jì)的人還能開車(driving)去上班。]11．A.part B．characterC．performance D．opportunityD[依據(jù)空后的“turnitdown”可知，歐文斯曾有機(jī)會(huì)(opportunity)出演1939年拍攝的經(jīng)典電影《亂世佳人》，但她拒絕了。]12．A.decided B．hopedC．a(chǎn)greed D．happenedA[依據(jù)空前的“Becauseshehadsomeotherworkatthetime”可知，因?yàn)樗?dāng)時(shí)還有其他一些工作，所以歐文斯確定(decided)拒絕出演《亂世佳人》。]13．A.difficult B．interestingC．well-paid D．challengingB[此處表示：沒有做過的事比做過的事更好玩(interesting)。]14．A.Nowthat B．GuessingthatC．Supposingthat D．ExceptthatA[既然(nowthat)她現(xiàn)在還能干得動(dòng)(身體狀況還允許)，歐文斯仍準(zhǔn)備接著懷揣著這樣一個(gè)目的生活——微笑著問候每一位病人。]15．A.relief B．successC．purpose D．spiritC[依據(jù)空后的“bygreetingeachpatientwithasmile”可知，微笑著問候每一位病人是歐文斯生活中的一個(gè)目標(biāo)(purpose)。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2024·南昌市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)段考)Intoday'sworldofmobilepayment，allwereallyneed1.________(survive)isasmartphone.Butonecompanyishopingtomaketraditionalwalletscoolagain，by2.________(bring)themintothedigitalage.ArmenianfirmVolterman'ssmartwallettakessecuritytoanewlevel.It'sfittedwithdifferenttechnology，suchas3.________alarm，aGPStracker，andevenacamera.Ifyoursmartphoneandwalletbecomeseparate，thealarmwillwarnyou4.________youdon'tleaveitbehind.Andifyourwallet5.________(lose)orstolen，theGPStrackercanhelpyoureachit.Even6.________(interesting)isthefront-facingcamera.“Ifsomeonedarestoopenyourwallet7.______permission，alittlecamerainside8.________(take)apictureandsendittoyourmobilephone.Youwillfindit9.________(easy)byreceivingapictureofthethief，”AzatTovmasyan，Volterman'sfounder，toldnewssiteBanks.am.Thehigh-techwalletwillbereleasedlaterthisyearandwillcomeinthree10.________(model)，withthecheapestexpectedtocost$179.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一種即將上市的智能錢包。1．tosurvive[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。needtodosth.為固定搭配，意為“須要做某事”。句意：在當(dāng)今的移動(dòng)支付世界，我們生存真正須要的是一部智能手機(jī)。]2．bringing[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)空前的介詞by可知，空處作該介詞的賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。句意：但有一家公司希望通過將傳統(tǒng)錢包帶入數(shù)字時(shí)代，讓它們?cè)俅巫兛?。]3．a(chǎn)n[考查冠詞。依據(jù)該句中的“aGPStracker，andevenacamera”并結(jié)合語境可知，該處泛指“一個(gè)警報(bào)器”，且alarm的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an。]4．so[考查連詞。句意：假如你的智能手機(jī)和錢包分開了，警報(bào)器會(huì)提示你，這樣你就不會(huì)遺忘它。依據(jù)空處前后的句意可知，空處前后表示因果關(guān)系，故用so引導(dǎo)該結(jié)果狀語從句。]5．islost[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：假如你的錢包丟失或被盜，GPS跟蹤器可以幫助你找到它。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，故空處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；依據(jù)語境可知，空處表示丟失的狀態(tài)，故用islost。]6．moreinteresting[考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。上文介紹了假如你的錢包丟失或被盜，GPS跟蹤器可以幫助你找到的狀況，結(jié)合該句中的“Even”可知，此處表示“更令人感愛好的是前置攝像頭”。故該處用形容詞的比較級(jí)。]7．without[考查介詞。依據(jù)語境可知，假如有人膽敢在未經(jīng)允許的狀況下打開你的錢包，里面的一個(gè)小相機(jī)就會(huì)拍下照片并發(fā)送到你的智能手機(jī)上。withoutpermission意為“未經(jīng)允許”，為固定用法。]8．willtake[考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為主從復(fù)合句，從句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，運(yùn)用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故主句用一般將來時(shí)。句意：假如有人膽敢在未經(jīng)允許的狀況下打開你的錢包，里面的一個(gè)小相機(jī)就會(huì)拍下照片并發(fā)送到你的智能手機(jī)上。]9．easily[考查副詞?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞“find”，故用副詞形式。]10．models[考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。model為可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)空前的數(shù)詞“three”可知，該處用復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：這種高科技錢包的三個(gè)模型將于今年晚些時(shí)候上市，預(yù)料最便宜的價(jià)格是179美元。]話題寫作Step1.寫作要點(diǎn)(依據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全所給的英文句子)①我第一次讀到關(guān)于張衡的文章，就被他感動(dòng)了，他是中國古代一個(gè)宏大的天文學(xué)家和獨(dú)創(chuàng)家。(定語從句)The_first_timeIreadaboutZhangHeng,who_was_a_great_astronomer_and_inventor_in_ancient_China，Iwastouched.②他一生致力于科學(xué)探討和獨(dú)創(chuàng)，包括聞名的地震儀。Duringhislifetime,hewas_devoted_toscientificresearchandinventions,includingthefamousseismograph.③事實(shí)上，他第一次介紹地震儀時(shí)被訕笑了。As_a_matter_of_fact，hegot