2021-2022學(xué)年新教材高中英語課時性評價十八Unit6Developingideas練習(xí)含解析外研版必修第一冊

十八Unit6Developingideas

TW基礎(chǔ)全面練〃一

I.單詞拼寫

1.Located（坐落于）inthenorthoftheNorthChinaPlain,Beijinghasfourdistinct

seasons.Itishotandrainyinsummerandcoldanddryinwinter.

2.Themountainsactedasanaturalbarrier（障礙）tothespreadofthedisease.

3.Canyouexplainthestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）ofthesentencetome?I，mconfused.

4.Withnewtechnology,picturesofunderwatervalleys（山谷）canbetakenincolor.

5.HenryLucehadagrand（宏偉的）designforAmerica'sfuture.

6.Lifeislikeanocean（海洋）:Onlythestrong-willedcanreachtheothershore.

7.Shewasonly19whenherfirstnovelwaspublished（出版）.

8.You’11alsogetexpert（專家的）adviceonkeepingyourhairingoodcondition.

9.Heprovedhimselfatruegentlemanandthebeauty（美）ofhischaracterwasseen

atitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.

10.HisEnglishhasimproved（提高）rapidlybecauseofhisconnectionwithBritish

people.

II.完成句子

1.Thatresultcanonlyhaveapositiveeffecton（有積極影響）theworldaroundus.

2.Withanotherassistanttojoinintheexperiment,MrSmithmayspendmoretime

onteaching（花更多時間教學(xué)）.

3.There，snothingbetterthanspendingmoney（比花錢更好的）.

4.Thatitwillaffecttherealeconomyisnolongerindoubt（懷疑）.

5.WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching（春節(jié)來臨）,studentsaretalkingabouttheir

planinthenextyear.

6.Withhishomeworkfinished（完成作業(yè)）,hewasallowedtoplayoutsidewithhis

friends.

7.Withsomuchtasktodo（這么多任務(wù)）,Ihavetostayuplatethisnight.

8.Shesaidgood-byetoherparentswithtearsinhereyes（含著淚）.

AW綜合應(yīng)用練〃一

I.閱讀理解

A

（2021?南京高一檢測）

TheVienna-basedresearchersshowedthatdogswillstopdoingasimpletaskwhen

notrewardedifanotherdog,whichcontinuestoberewardedispresent.

Theexperimentconsistedoftakingpairsofdogsandgettingthemtopresent

apawforareward.Ongivingthis“handshake“thedogsreceivedapieceoffood.

Oneofthedogswasthenaskedtoshakehands,butreceivednofood.Theotherdog

continuedtogetthefoodwhenitwasaskedtoperforinthetask.

Thedogwithouttherewardquicklystoppeddoingthetask,andshowedsigns

ofangerorstresswhenitspartnerwasrewarded.

Tomakesurethattheexperimentwasreallyshowingtheinteractionbetweenthe

dogsratherthanjustthefrustrationofnotbeingrewarded,asimilarexperiment

wasconductedwherethedogsperformedthetaskwithoutthepartner.Herethey

continuedtopresentthepawformuchlonger.

Dr.FrederikeRangefromtheUniversityofViennasaysthisshowsthatitwas

thepresenceoftherewardedpartnerthatwasthegreaterinfluenceontheirbehavior.

“Theonlydifferenceisthatonegetsfoodandtheotherdoesn,t.Theyare

respondingtobeingunequallyrewarded."shesays.

Theresearcherssaythiskindofbehavior,whereoneanimalgetsfrustrated

withwhatishappeningwithanother,hasonlybeenobservedinprimates（靈長類）

before.

Studieswithvarioustypesofmonkeysandchimpanzeesshowtheyreactnotonly

toseeingtheirpartnersreceivingrewardswhentheyarenot,butalsotothetype

ofreward.

Thedogstudyalsolookedatwhetherthetypeofrewardmadeadifference.Dogs

weregiveneitherbreadorsausage,butseemedtoreactequallytoeither.Dr.Range

saysthismaybebecausetheyhavebeentrained.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明狗也是有公平感的，介紹了其

實(shí)驗(yàn)過程以及動物在實(shí)驗(yàn)中的表現(xiàn)。

1.Thedogsrefusedtogivethepawwhenthey______.

A.foundanotherdogwasgivennothing

B.felttheywerenottreatedequally

C.wereawaretheyreceivedlessfood

D.weregiventoomuchreward

【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段以及第三段“Thedogwithouttherewardquickly

stoppeddoingthetask,andshowedsignsofangerorstresswhenitspartnerwas

rewarded.”可知，當(dāng)狗感到?jīng)]有得到平等對待時，它們就拒絕伸出爪子。故選B。

2.Whatwouldadogdoifitpresenteditspawalone?

A.Itwouldgoonwiththeperformancemuchlonger.

B.Itwouldbetooshytopresentitspaw.

C.Itwouldmissitspartner.

D.Itwouldcomparewhatitgotwiththatofanother.

【解析】選Ao細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Tomakesurethattheexperimentwasreally

showingtheinteractionbetweenthedogsratherthanjustthefrustrationofnotbeing

rewarded,asimilarexperimentwasconductedwherethedogsperformedthetask

withoutthepartner.Heretheycontinuedtopresentthepawformuchlonger.“可

知，如果是單獨(dú)一只狗伸出它的爪子，它伸出爪子的時間會更長。故選A。

3.Accordingtothepassage,comparedwithdogs,monkeysandchimpanzees.

A.paynoattentiontothetypeofreward

B.onlyliketoplayinterestinggames

C.payattentiontothetypeofrewardaswellaswhethertheyarerewarded

D.caremoreabouthowtheyarerewarded

【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Studieswithvarioustypesofmonkeysand

chimpanzeesshowtheyreactnotonlytoseeingtheirpartnersreceivingrewardswhen

theyarenot,butalsotothetypeofreward.”可知，與狗相比，猴子和黑猩猩更注

重獎賞的類型以及是否受到獎賞。故選C。

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

A.Animals,variouswaystoshowanger.

B.Dogsaremoreenviousthanhumanbeings.

C.Mostanimalswanttoberewardedfortheirwork.

D.Animalsalsohaveasenseoffairness.

【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段"Theonlydifferenceisthatonegetsfood

andtheotherdoesn,t.Theyarerespondingtobeingunequallyrewarded.”結(jié)合文

章主要說明了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明狗也是有公平感的，介紹了其實(shí)驗(yàn)過程以及動物在實(shí)驗(yàn)中的表

現(xiàn)。這種行為以前只在靈長類動物中觀察到過，說明動物和人一樣，有公平意識。故選D。

B

AJourneytotheYosemiteFirefall

Eachyear,thousandsofpeopleareattractedtotheYosemiteNationalParkin

Californiaforachanceofseeing-andphotographing-theunique“firefall”.

Theamazing“firefall”comestolifeonlywhenthereisenoughwaterfromthemelting

（融化）snowtokeeptheHorsetailFallflowingandwhenthelightofthesettingsun

hitsthewaterfallattherightangle.ItcanonlybeseenforashorttimeinFebruary

onclearsunnydays.

Thisyear,theweatherisn'tstoppingthe“firefall“fromhappening,but

itismakingthejourneytoseeitmoredifficult.

“Whatwouldhavebeena1O-minutewalkturnedintoatwo-hourhikethroughdeep

snow?”photographerRyanFitzsimonssaidabouthisrecenttriptoseethephenomenon.

“Ourclotheswereallwetbythetimewegottoaviewingsite.Buttheheavysnow

madethesightmuchmorebeautifulsincethewaterfallismuchbiggerthisyear.”

AnotherphotographerAndyHeitzwasmakinghisfirsttriptoseethe“firefall”.

Hehadtowaitfivehoursintheextremecoldforhisturntotakeapicture.

“Igottothesiteatabout12:00atnoon.Theplacewasalreadyfilledwith

hundredsofpeoplewaitingtoseeandphotographthe'firefall'.Iwassolucky

thatIshotareallywonderfulburner!IwascompletelyamazedwithwhatIsaw,”

hesaid."Youknow,onlyonacoupledaysoftheyearinFebruaryandwhenthesun

setsdownattheperfectangletoshineonYosemite'sHorsetailFallcanweseethe

TireFall'.I911neverforgetwhatIhaveseen.”

The“firefall“shouldcontinuetobetherefrom20to24February.Butpark

officialssaidthatthere'snoguarantee（保證）thatvisitorswillseeitonany

givenday.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國加州約塞米蒂的“火瀑布”。

5.Whenmightbethebesttimetotakepicturesofthe“firefall”?

A.Earlyinthemorning.

B.Atnoon.

C.Lateintheafternoon.

D.Atnight.

【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Theamazing'firefallJcomestolifeonly

whenthereisenoughwaterfromthemeltingsnowtokeeptheHorsetailFallflowing

andwhenthelightofthesettingsunhitsthewaterfallattherightangle.“可

知，“火瀑布”形成于日落時分，也是最好的拍照時間。故選C。

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“burner“inParagraph5referto?

A.Aworkerinthekitchen.

B.ThefireintheYosemiteNationalPark.

C.Apartofacookerorstove.

D.TheuniqueHorsetailFallinthesettingsun.

【解析】選Do詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子后面內(nèi)容“Youknow,onlyonacoupledays

oftheyearinFebruaryandwhenthesunsetsdownattheperfectangletoshineon

Yosemite，sHorsetailFallcanweseethe4FireFall'.”可知，他拍到了完美的“火

瀑布”。由此推知，畫線詞burner指的就是TheuniqueHorsetailFallinthesettingsun.

（夕陽下獨(dú)特的馬尾瀑布）。故選D。

7.Whymightthe“firefall“disappearbetween20to24Februarythisyear?

A.Therewouldn'tbeenoughsnow.

B.Itmightbetoocloudy.

C.Thewaterfallmightnotfreeze.

D.Thesnowmightmettoofast.

【解析】選Bo推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Itcanonlybeseenforashorttimein

Februaryonclearsunnydays,結(jié)合文章第三段中的“Buttheheavysnowmadethesight

muchmorebeautifulsincethewaterfallismuchbiggerthisyear.“可知，今年剛

下了大雪，所以“火瀑布”可能會消失的原因只能是沒有太陽。故選B。

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceanattraction.

B.Togivesuggestionsforatrip.

C.ToadvertiseaparkintheUS.

D.Toexplainwhatisa,firefall".

【解析】選A。推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章的題目"AJourneytotheYosemiteFirefall（約塞

米蒂“火瀑布”之旅）”和文章內(nèi)容可知，文章的主要目的是介紹一個著名的景觀一一約塞

米蒂“火瀑布”。故選A。

II.應(yīng)用文寫作

假定你是李華，你校英文報正在征稿，主題為“如何愛護(hù)我們的校園環(huán)境”，請向校

報投稿發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。

注意：1.詞數(shù)80個左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

【參考范文】

Deareditors,

Sincewehavestayedatschoolmostofourtimesincewestartedtostudy,Ithink

itisourdutytokeepourschoolcleanandtidy.

Weshouldn'tleaverubbisheverywhereandspitupontheground,ifanyonesees

othersdoingsuchthings,he/sheshouldpreventhim/her,andlethim/hercleanit.

Wemustn,tpicktheflowersorsteponthegrassorcarveonthetreesintheschool

forthoseplantsnotonlymakeourschoolbeautiful,butalsocleantheair,weshould

evenplantflowersandtreesaspossibleaswecan.Wemustn'tdrawandscratchon

thedeskandthewall.Iamthinkingthatifwetreatallthethingsintheschool

asseriouslyasthoseinourhome,ourschoolwi11beascleanandtidyasourhome.

i.閱讀理解

（2021?成都高一檢測）

In2015,Chennaiwasdestroyedbyoneoftheworstfloodsinoveracentury,

leavingthousandswithoutfood,waterandsupplies.Duringtheflood,manyheroes

arose,oneofwhomwasSantosh,ayoungmanwhoownedatake-outrestaurantin

Chennai.

WhenthefirstfloodhitinNovember,hegotacallfromacompanycalledNaga

Rava.Thecompanyaskedhimtoprepare5,000packetsoffoodandgivethemtothe

floodvictims.He,withhispartners,tooktheorder,cookedfor14hoursand

delivered（遞送）them.Butthatnight,astheysattogetherdiscussingtheeventof

theday,theyactuallyfeltashamed（羞愧）.“HerewasamannotevenfromChennai

andhewasgoingoutofhiswaytohelptheaffectedpeople.We,whilelivinghere,

hadnotreallydoneanythingourselvesforourownpeople,“saidSantoshlater.

Hethenbeganthegroundworkforacollectiontohelpcookmoredishes.Little

didheknowthattheNovemberfloodwasjustthebeginning,andtherealshowwas

abouttobegin.TheDecemberfloodaffectedthemal1.Hisownhousegotfloodedand

hisfamilywastrappedonthesecondfloor.Theylostphoneconnectionandelectricity.

Inspiteofthis,Santoshwentbackoutintotheflood,creatingakitchenand

preparingfoodallbyhimselfforthevictims.

Hedidnotsleepforfourdays,takingaone-hourbreakeverydayashekept

oncooking.Aswordgotoutaboutthisman'seffort,otherssteppedouttojoin

him.Fromchildrentotheelderly,strangerscametohelphimincooking,packing

andtransportingfood.Upto300volunteersworkedtogethertomakeitallhappen.

Bythetimethefourthdayfinallycametoanend,Santoshandhisteamhadprepared

170,000foodboxesanddeliveredthemtopeopleinneed.

【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在金奈發(fā)生一個多世紀(jì)以來最嚴(yán)重的洪災(zāi)期間，

Santosh和一些好心人準(zhǔn)備了170000份盒飯救援災(zāi)區(qū)的故事。

1.WhatinspiredSantoshtohelptheaffectedpeople?

A.Acallforhelp.

B.Hiscookingskills.

C.Anactofkindnessofastranger.

D.Theencouragementfromhispartners.

【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，"HerewasamannotevenfromChennai

andhewasgoingoutofhiswaytohelptheaffectedpeople.We,whilelivinghere,

hadnotreallydoneanythingourselvesforourownpeople”可知，是一個陌生人的善

舉激勵Santosh幫助災(zāi)民。故選C。

2.Whatdoes“therealshow”inthethirdparagraphreferto?

A.Thehelpandsupport.

B.Thesevererflood.

C.Santosh'sfamilysuffering.

D.Santosh'scookingmorefood.

【解析】選B。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“LittledidheknowthattheNovemberflood

wasjustthebeginning,andtherealshowwasabouttobegin.TheDecemberflood

affectedthemall."可知，12月份的洪水比11月份造成的后果嚴(yán)重，所以此處的"the

realshow”指的是12月更嚴(yán)重的洪水。故選B。

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSantosh?

A.Energeticandhelpful.

B.Determinedandclever.

C.Selflessandcaring.

D.Kindandwise.

【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，Santosh的家也遭受了洪水，但是他依然去

幫助其他受災(zāi)的人們。這說明他無私且樂于助人。故選C。

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ManyHandsMakeLightWork

B.KindnessIsItsOwnReward

C.MajorFloodsBroughtChallengesToPeople

D.AManCooked170,000MealsForTheAffected

【解析】選D。標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講述了在金奈發(fā)生的嚴(yán)重的洪災(zāi)期間，Santosh和一些

好心人準(zhǔn)備了170000份盒飯救援災(zāi)區(qū)的故事，所以I）項(xiàng)適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選D。

【I.語法填空

（2021?鎮(zhèn)江高一檢測）

Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontrolthe

worldtheylived1.,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegan

todependlesson2.couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreon

animalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson3.________huntingandgathering,so

peoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood

4.(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepowerof

technology5.(change)lives.

Byabout6000BC,people6.(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimals

toraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe7.(season),plantingatthe

righttimeand,indryareas,8.(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌

溉)theirfields.

Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with9.rise

ofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods10.(mean)thatfewerpeopleworked

infarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpower

machineryandartificialfertilizers(化月巴)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflife

thatstartedintheStoneAge.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史。

1.【解析】in?？疾榻樵~。句意：公元前10000年以后，人們第一次真正嘗試通過農(nóng)業(yè)來

控制他們所居住的