版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高中英語語法_非謂語動(dòng)詞_講解及其練習(xí)題(1)
高中英語語法非謂語動(dòng)詞講解及其練習(xí)題
非謂語動(dòng)詞是在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式
是動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式.動(dòng)詞一般在句子中充當(dāng)謂語.在句中可起名詞,形容詞,副詞的作用,在句中充當(dāng)主語,賓語,表語,補(bǔ)語,定語或狀語.即動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分
3種形式:不定式,分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞),動(dòng)名詞
1.非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞的相同點(diǎn)有:
(1)如果是及物動(dòng)詞都可與賓語連用,例如:
Theybuiltagarden.
Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.
(2)都可以被狀語修飾:
Thesuitfitshimverywell.
Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.
(3)都有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng),“體”式(一般式;進(jìn)行式;完成式)的變化。例如:
Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.(謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài))
Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.(動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式)
Wehavewrittenthecomposition.(謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí))
Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.(現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式)
(4)都可以有邏輯主語
Theystartedtheworkatonce.(謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語)
Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.(動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語)
WeareLeaguemembers.(謂語動(dòng)詞的主語)
WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.
(現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語)
2、非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞的不同點(diǎn)有:
(1)非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有名詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。
(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。
(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有副詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。
(4)謂語動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制;非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語,它不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。
(二)非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能:
二、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法:
(一)動(dòng)詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以動(dòng)詞write為例)
否定式:not+(to)do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后,
例如:
I'mgladtomeetyou.
Heseemstoknowalot.
Weplantopayavisit.
Hewantstobeanartist.
1
Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.
Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.
(2)進(jìn)行式:不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,例如:Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.
Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前,例如:Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.
Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.
Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主語:
Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.
Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.
動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí),常用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式置于句后,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:
Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.
Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.
常用句式有:1、It+be+名詞+todo;2、Ittakessb.+sometime+todo;3、It+be+形容詞+ofsb+todo;4、It+be+形容詞+forsb.+todo;常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞,不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語。
(2)作表語:
Herjobistocleanthehall.
Heappearstohavecaughtacold.
(3)作賓語:
常與不定式做賓語連用的動(dòng)詞有:want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面,例如:
MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.
動(dòng)詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語,如:
Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.
HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.
動(dòng)詞不定式前有時(shí)可與疑問詞連用,如:
HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.
(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:
在復(fù)合賓語中,動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語,如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.
此外,介詞有時(shí)也與這種復(fù)合賓語連用,如:
Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema.
有些動(dòng)詞如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不定式要加to,如:
Isawhimcrosstheroad.
Hewasseentocrosstheroad.
2
(5)作定語:
動(dòng)詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系:①動(dòng)賓關(guān)系:
Ihaveameetingtoattend.
注意:不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等,應(yīng)有必要的介詞,如:
Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.
Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.
Whatdidyouopenitwith?
如果不定式修飾time,place,way,可以省略介詞:
Hehasnoplacetolive.
Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動(dòng)作承受者,不定式可用主動(dòng)式也可用被動(dòng)式:Haveyougotanythingtosend?
Haveyougotanythingtobesent?
②說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:
Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.
③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:
Heisthefirsttogethere.
(6)作狀語:
①表目的:
Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.
Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.
注意不定式放句首時(shí),邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:
wrong:Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.
right:Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.
wrong:TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.
right:TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.
②表結(jié)果:
Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.
常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào):
Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.
③表原因:
Theywereverysadtohearthenews.
④表程度:
It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.
Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.
(7)作獨(dú)立成分:
Totellyouthetruth,Idon'tlikethewayhetalked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do動(dòng)詞。
Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.
(9)不定式的并列:第二個(gè)不定式可省略to。
Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.
(二)動(dòng)名詞:
3
動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征,又具有名詞的句法功能。
1.動(dòng)名詞的形式:
否定式:not+動(dòng)名詞
(1)一般式:
Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。
(2)被動(dòng)式:
Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)。
(3)完成式:
Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我們記得看過這部電影。
(4)完成被動(dòng)式:
HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.
他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過。
(5)否定式:not+動(dòng)名詞
Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔沒聽他的勸告。
(6)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+動(dòng)名詞
Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮巍?/p>
HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.
他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。
2.動(dòng)名詞的句法功能:
(1)作主語:
Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗讀是很有好處的。
Collectingstampsisinteresting.集郵很有趣。
當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。
It'snousequarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。
(2)作表語:
Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.
在螞蟻王國,蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。
(3)作賓語:
Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.他們還沒有建好大壩。
Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.
我們必須阻止空氣被污染。
注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個(gè)例句。此外,動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí),若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則常用形式賓語it,例如:
Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。
要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語:
enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承認(rèn)),deny(否認(rèn)),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒險(xiǎn)),appreciate(感激),bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp(情不自禁地),thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike
(4)作定語:
Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.他沒有拐杖不能走路。
Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎?
(5)作同位語:
4
Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那個(gè)山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged.
他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。
(三)現(xiàn)在分詞:
現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。
1、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式:
否定式:not+現(xiàn)在分詞
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài):現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,完成
式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,常作狀語。例如:
Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。
Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.做完作業(yè),他開始打籃球。
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)
詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。
Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被討論的問題很重要。
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.
被告訴了好幾遍,這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
2.現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能:
(1)作定語:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語做定語
放在名詞后。
Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.
在后來的幾年中,他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。
Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.
正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長的父親。
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句的句法功能,如:inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed;themanspeakingtotheteacher可改為themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacher.
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語:
Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在這家上演的電影很棒。
Thepresentsituationisinspiring.當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)鼓舞人心。
be+doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語,它們的區(qū)別在于be+doing表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí),而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:
如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語:
see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例如:Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。
(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語:
①作時(shí)間狀語:
(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.
在工廠工作時(shí),他是一名先進(jìn)工人。
②作原因狀語:
5
BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青團(tuán)員,他經(jīng)常幫助他人。③作方式狀語,表示伴隨:
Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作條件狀語:
(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.
要是整天玩,你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。
⑤作結(jié)果狀語:
Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了,結(jié)果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的狀語:
Hewentswimmingtheotherday.幾天前他去游泳了。
⑦作讓步狀語:
Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.
雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格:
Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.
我等汽車時(shí),一只鳥落到我頭上。
Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.
所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了,他們失望地離開了。
Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.
如果時(shí)間允許,我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。
有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式
Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。
⑨作獨(dú)立成分:
udgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.
從外表看,他一定是個(gè)演員。
Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般說來,女孩子更細(xì)心。
(四)過去分詞:
過去分詞只有一種形式:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求,要一一記住。
過去分詞的句法功能:
1.過去分詞作定語:
OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。
Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會(huì)。
注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時(shí),一般用于名詞前,如果是過去分詞短語,就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。
2.過去分詞作表語:
Thewindowisbroken.窗戶破了。
Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be+過去分詞,如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu),如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。區(qū)別:
Thewindowisbroken.(系表)
Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.(被動(dòng))
6
有些過去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的,不表示被動(dòng),只表示完成。如:
boiledwater(開水)fallenleaves(落葉)
newlyarrivedgoods(新到的貨)therisensun(升起的太陽)
thechangedworld(變了的世界)
這類過去分詞有:gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。
3.過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語:
Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.
上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。
有時(shí)過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語:
Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。
4.過去分詞作狀語:
Praisedbytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.
受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng),他成為父母的驕傲。(表示原因)
Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.
一旦它被看見,人們就忘不了。(表示時(shí)間)
Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.
如果給予更多的時(shí)間,我能做得更好。(表示條件)
Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.
雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn),他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子。(表示讓步)
Filledwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.心中充滿了希望與恐懼,他走進(jìn)山洞。非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分析
1.TheOlympicGames,______in776B.C,did’tincludewomenplayersuntil1919.
A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying
析:根據(jù)題干,必須選表示被動(dòng)的選項(xiàng),故排除A、D;因B選項(xiàng)表“將要被舉行”意,不合題干之用,只有C選項(xiàng)(相當(dāng)于whichwasfirstplayed)才合用。
2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.
A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake
析:B、C是謂語動(dòng)詞,在此不可用。D項(xiàng)tomake或表目的,或表“將要使得”,這都不合題干情景。只有A.making,可作狀語,表結(jié)果。再舉一現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語例:
Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.公共汽車被大風(fēng)雪所阻,因而耽誤了。
3.LittleJimshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking
析:根據(jù)thisevening,應(yīng)選表示將來義的選項(xiàng),C、D應(yīng)排除。Take后無賓語,必然要用被動(dòng)式,故答案為A。
4.Johnwasmade______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.
A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing
析:根據(jù)bemadetodosth.句式,可定答案為A。
5.Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
析:根據(jù)warnsb.(not)todosth.句式,可排除B、D兩項(xiàng);又根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式not總是在首位的規(guī)律,又可排除A,而定C。
6.——Iusuallygotherebytrain.——Whynot______byboatforachange?
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing
7
析:此題可根據(jù)whynot后直接跟原形動(dòng)詞規(guī)律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項(xiàng)改為trytogo,則要根據(jù)其與trygoing意義之別來確定答案。依據(jù)題干對(duì)話內(nèi)容,乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣,所以答案仍為D。
7.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived
析:非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式not應(yīng)置于首位,B、D皆為錯(cuò)誤形式。A項(xiàng)不能表達(dá)先于decided的動(dòng)作,只有選C項(xiàng)才表沒收到信在先,決定再寫信在后,所以C為正確答案。
8.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.
A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havingmvented
析:consider表“考慮”意時(shí),其后動(dòng)詞用doing形式,此處不表“考慮”,而表“認(rèn)為”,這時(shí)consider后作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語多為todo,tohavedone,tobe等形式。據(jù)此可排除
B、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。又因A表“要發(fā)明”意,不合題用,只有C表“發(fā)明了”意,才合題用,故選C。
9.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
析:“被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)”,應(yīng)選表被動(dòng)意的選項(xiàng),B不可用。D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who,也應(yīng)排除。又因短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作定語,C也應(yīng)排除,只有A.invited(=whowereinvited)才是正確答案。
10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiredD.tied
析:B表主動(dòng)意,應(yīng)排除。C表“將要被捆綁”,A表“正在被捆綁”都不合題意,只有D項(xiàng)填入空白才能表達(dá)“雙手被反綁著”這一意思,符合題干情景。再看一類似例句:Hecamein,(with)hisheadheldhigh.他昂首走了進(jìn)來。
非謂語動(dòng)詞專練
1.______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.Giving
2.Thefirsttextbooks______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.tobewrittenB.writtenC.beingwrittenD.havingwritten
3.Themissingboyswerelastseen______neartheriver.
A.toplayB.playC.tobeplayingD.playing
4.______inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
A.ToloseB.LostC.HavinglostD.Losing
5.Whenpassingmehepretended______me.
A.toseeB.nothavingseenC.tohavenotseenD.nottohaveseen
6.Thechildreninsisted______thereonfoot.
A.theygoingB.theywouldgoC.ontheirgoingD.going
7.Hestillremembers______toShanghaiwhenhewasveryyoung.
A.takingB.beingtakenC.takenD.havingtaken
8.______therailwaystation,wehadabreak,only______thetrainhadleft.
A.Arrivingat;tofindB.Comingto;discoveringthat
C.Onarrivingat;findingoutD.Hurryingto;tohavefoundout
9.Withtheboy______theway,wehadnotrouble______theway______toZhongshanPark.
8
A.leading;finding;leadingB.tolead;found;toleadC.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led
10.______thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeingand______fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmorebeautiful.
A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen
11.IcanhardlyimaginePeter______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.
A.tohavesailedB.tosailC.sailingD.sail
12.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair______againstyourface.
A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove
13.______isknowntoall,Chinawillbean______andpowerfulcountryin20or30years’time.
A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing
14.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp______intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
A.persuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
15.Therewasterriblenoise______thesuddenburstoflight.
A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed
16.Pleaseexcusemy______inwithout______.
A.come;permittedB.coming;permittedC.comimg;beingpermittedD.tocome;beingpermitted
17.______hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting______then.
A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld
18.——Didyouhearher______thispopsongthistimetheotherday?
——Yes,andIheardthissong______inEnglish.
A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sung
19.Thequestion______nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion______yesterday.
A.discussed;discussedB.discussing;haddiscussedC.beingdiscussed;discussed
D.discussing;discussing
20.Withthecooking______,Iwenton______somesewing.
A.done;todoB.beingdone;doingC.tobedone;doingD.tohavedone;doing
21.Itisnouse______yourpastmistakes.
A.regrettingB.regretC.toregretD.regretted
22.Herhusbanddiedin1980andhadnothing______toher,only______herfivechildren.
A.left;toleaveB.leaving;leavingC.leaving;leftD.left;leaving
23.Iamverybusy.Ihaveaverydifficultproblem______.
A.toworkB.toworkoutC.tobeworkedoutD.toworkitout
24.Iwouldappreciate______backthisaffernoon.
A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling
25.Climbingmountainswas______,soweallfelt______.
A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired
26.Isawsomevillagers______onthebenchattheendoftheroom.
A.seatingB.seatC.seatedD.seatedthemselves
27.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell______careof.
A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking
28.Itisoneoftheimportantproblems______tomorrow.
9
A.tosolveB.tobesolvedC.solvedD.solving
29.______mapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.
A.DrawnB.DrawingC.TodrawD.Bedrawing
30.Thereisariver______aroundourschool.
A.torunB.runC.runningD.toberunning
31.Howaboutthetwoofus______awalkdownthegarden?
A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaken
32.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet______onthegroundonthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolourTVset.______whenIgothome.
A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing
33.Whththekind-h(huán)eartedboy____mewithmywork,I’msureI’llbeabletosparetime___withyourwork.
A.tohelp;helpyououtB.helping;helpingyouC.helped;tohelpyououtD.tohelp;tohelpyou
34.Greatlymoveddbyherwords,______.
A.tearscametohiseyesB.hecouldhardlyholdbackhistears
C.tearscouldhardlybeheldbackD.hiseyeswerefilledwithtears.
35.——Ihopethechildrenwon’ttouchthedog.
——I’vewarnedthem______.
A.notB.nottoC.nottouchD.notdo
36.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
37.When______whyhewalkedinwithoutpermission,hejuststaredatusandsaidnothing.
A.beenaskedB.askedC.askingD.tobeasked
38.Themankeptsilentintheroomunless______.
A.spokentoB.spoketoC.spokenD.tospeak
39.Hewasoftenlistened______inthenextroom.
A.singB.sungC.tosingD.totosing
40.Ratherthan______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers______abicycle.
A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding
41.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
42.What’stroublingthemis______enoughexperiencedworkers.
A.thattheyhavetoB.theyhavenotC.theirnothavingD.nottheirhaving
43.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.
A.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NothavingknownD.Havingnotknow
44.Bambooisused______housesinsomeplaces.
A.tobuildB.tobuildingC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt
45.Goon______theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.
A.todoB.doingC.withD.tobedoing
46.Thedaywelookedforwardto______.
A.comeB.comingC.hascomeD.havecome
47.Whomwouldyourather______thework?
A.tohavetodoB.tohavedoC.havetodoD.havedo
48.Doyouthinkitanygood______withhimagain?
10
A.totalkB.talkingC.totalkingD.havingtalked
49.Sometimesnewideashavetobetestedmanytimesbefore______.
A.acceptingfullyB.beingfullyacceptedC.fullyacceptingD.fullybeingaccepted
50.Thegovernmentforbids______suchbadbooks.
A.publishedB.topublishC.publishD.publishing
非謂語動(dòng)詞專練答案
1―5CBDBD6―10CBAAA11―15CBCCB16―20CADCA
21―25ADBCA26―30CCBCC31―35CADBB36―40BBADC
41―45ACAAA46―50CDABD
非謂語動(dòng)詞
非謂語動(dòng)詞是指分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等三種形式,即:doing,done,todo,doing。當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的變化形式,如:
現(xiàn)在分詞doing:有beingdone(被動(dòng)式);havingdone(完成式);havingbeendone(完成被動(dòng)式)
不定式todo:有tobedone(被動(dòng)式);tohavedone(完成式);tobedoing(進(jìn)行式)動(dòng)名詞doing:有havingdone(完成式);beingdone(被動(dòng)式);
非謂語動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn):三種非謂語動(dòng)詞都具有動(dòng)詞的特征,雖然它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時(shí)跟賓語。它們都有各自的特征:分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征;動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特征;不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。具體來講:分詞在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或補(bǔ)足語等;動(dòng)名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語等;不定式在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)足語或狀語。
下面分別對(duì)三種非謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行講解:
一.動(dòng)詞不定式
先看幾個(gè)例句,判斷不定式在句中的成分。
1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.
2.Hiswishistobeadriver.
3.Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.
4.Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.
5.Ihavenothingtosay.
6.Theywenttoseetheiraunt.
7.It’seasytoseetheiraunt.
8.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
9.Iheardthemmakeanoise.
說明:1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語,2.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語,3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,4.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,5.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語,6.動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語,7.動(dòng)詞不定式作真正主語,it代替動(dòng)詞不定式,作形式主語。8.帶有連接代詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,9.不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
掌握動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題:
1.“to”是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞,下列短語中的to都是介詞。
agreetoobjecttocloseto,cometo,leadto,referto,
equalto,familiarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,nextto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardto
2.帶to還是不帶to
Ihavenochoicebuttogivein
11
Icannotdoanythingbutgivein
Isawhimentertheclassroom.
(但是:Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.)
3.動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語是由for作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of.
It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.
It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.
與of連用的形容詞有:
good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible
4.后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:
want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.
需要賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不能用動(dòng)詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語,而要用it做形式賓語。例如:通常不說Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而說Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.
5.不定式的省略。下列短語中,如果意義明確,常常省略到to。
wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,o
ughtto,needto,usedto,beableto
6.不定式作定語,應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系:
1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系:
Hehasalotofmeetingtoattend.
Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.
Heislookingforaroomtolive
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
Hehasnomoneyandnoplace
tolive(in).
Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.
Thereisnotimetothink(about).
2)主謂關(guān)系:
Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.
----I’mgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(邏輯主語是I)
-------Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow(邏輯主語不是I)
7.不定式作狀語,可以有以下幾種意義:
1)原因
Heisluckytogethereontime.
這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有:
happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy
2)目的
Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.
3)結(jié)果
Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.
Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
12
8.不定式作補(bǔ)足語Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.能跟不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,notice注:當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí),不定式要帶to,如:Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.二.動(dòng)名詞LearningEnglishisverydifficult.學(xué)英語非常困難。Hisjobisdrivingabus.他的工作是開車。Ienjoydancing.我喜歡跳舞。Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。Takesomesleepingtablets,andyouwillsoonfallasleep.吃點(diǎn)安眠藥,你很快就會(huì)入睡。注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu):1.There’snotellingwhatwillhappen.=It’simpossibletotellwhatwillhappen.=Noonecantellwhatwillhappen.2.It’snousetalkingwithhim.It’snogoodspeakingtothemlikethat.3.There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下單詞替換:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime注意以下幾個(gè)問題:1.下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別,forgettodo…忘記要做某事forgetdoing…忘記做了某事remembertodo…記住要做某事rememberdoing…記著做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事meandoing…意味著做了某事regrettodo…對(duì)要做的事表示后悔regretdoing…對(duì)做過去的事后悔can’thelptodo…不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事trytodo…盡力去做某事trydoing試著做某事learntodo…學(xué)著去做某事learndoing…學(xué)會(huì)做某事stoptodo…停下來去做(另一件事)stopdoing…停止做某事13
goontodo…接著做(另外一件事)
goondoing…繼續(xù)做某事
usedtodo…過去做某事
beusedtodoing…習(xí)慣做某事
2.動(dòng)名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語意義有區(qū)別
動(dòng)名詞作定語表達(dá)n+fordoing的含義
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達(dá)n+which(who)bedoing的含義
如:asleepingcar=acarforsleeping
arunninghorse=ahorsewhichisrunning
前者是動(dòng)名詞,后者是現(xiàn)在分詞
又如:drinkingwater,walkingstickrunningwater,sleepingboy
3.動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語:
動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。
例如:Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.
4.動(dòng)名詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)
5.動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況:
needdoing,wantdoing,requiredoing
例如:Thisroomneedspainting.這個(gè)房間需要粉刷。
6.只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞:
admit,avoid,advise,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,complete,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit.practise,require,suggest,risk,keep,taketo,lookforwardto,getdownto,feellike,can’thelp,can’tstand,beusedto,insiston,succeedin,setabout,giveup,include,
三.分詞
1Thestoryisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.
這個(gè)故事有興趣,我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣。
2.Thisisamovingfilm.
這是一部動(dòng)人的電影。
3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingalongspeechforthepresident.秘書工作到深夜,為主席準(zhǔn)備一篇長篇演講稿。
4.Givenmoretime,I’lldoitwell.
如果給我多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,我會(huì)做的更好。
Whenhepassedthebackofthestreet,hesawthethiefstealingsomemoneyfromthebank.當(dāng)他后街時(shí),看到小偷正從銀行偷錢。
應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題:
1.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別
DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?
=DoyouknowthewomanwhoistalkingtoTom?
Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.
=Thesoldierwhowaswoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.
ChinaisadevelopingcountryandAmericaisadevelopedcountry.
2.分詞作表語
Thenewssoundsencouraging.
Theygotveryexcited.
14
1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別:
Thenewsisinteresting.
Heisinterestedinthenews.
doing作表語,主語與表語是主謂關(guān)系;done作表語,主語與表語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
2)表語與被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別:
TheblackboardwasbrokenbyXiaoMing.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)
Theblackboardisbroken.You’dbetterhaveitrepaired.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))
3)常作表語的過去分詞:
amused,injured,covered,known,dressed,lost,broken,gone,delighted,excited,pleased,satisfied,married,worried,surprised,interested,burnt,shut,crowded,wounded,drank,done
3.現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
Thesituationinourcountryisencouraging.(表語)
Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.(動(dòng)名詞)
能回答how-question的是現(xiàn)在分詞,能回答what-question的動(dòng)名詞,即不能回答how-question也不能回答what-question的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例如:Howisthesituationinourcountry?Itisencouraging.
Whatisyourjob?Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.
4.注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu):
havesomethingtodo有某事要做
havesomethingdone使某事被做
havesomebodydosomething使某人做某事
havesomethingdoing讓某事一直做著
5.需要跟反身代詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞:
seat,prepare,hide,dress
如:Iseatedmyselfonthechair.
Iwasseatedonthechair.
6.分詞做狀語與不定式的區(qū)別:
分詞做狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等;而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果。Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.(時(shí)間)
BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.(原因)
Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.(條件)
Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.(伴隨)
Togetmoreknowledge,wemustworkharderandharder.(目的)
Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.(結(jié)果)
7.分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別
arunninghorse現(xiàn)在分詞=ahorsethatisrunning
afallenleaf過去分詞=aleafthathasalreadyfallen
awalkingstick動(dòng)名詞=astickforwalking
somethingtodo不定式=somethingthatIshoulddo
8.不定式被動(dòng)式、分詞的被動(dòng)式和過去分詞的區(qū)別:
Ihaveaproblemtobediscussedatthemeeting.(將來)
ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuseum.(正在進(jìn)行)
15
Thebuildingcompletedthreeyearsagoisnowinbadconditions.(過去)
9.分詞做狀語需要注意的一個(gè)問題:
分詞與句子主語的邏輯關(guān)系
Seeingfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.(錯(cuò)誤)
Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.(正確)
Seeing與thecity不是主謂關(guān)系;seen與city是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系
練習(xí)
I.單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Mostofthepeople_____tothepartywerefamousscientists.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting
2.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn’
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2024年土地證抵押貸款協(xié)議3篇
- 漯河職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院《化工分離工程》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 2024年度施工現(xiàn)場消防通道及安全標(biāo)志設(shè)置服務(wù)協(xié)議3篇
- 洛陽師范學(xué)院《電磁場與電磁波》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 洛陽科技職業(yè)學(xué)院《數(shù)字設(shè)備與裝置》2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷
- 2024年展會(huì)贊助:商業(yè)贊助與合作協(xié)議3篇
- 2024年度云計(jì)算服務(wù)具體服務(wù)內(nèi)容合同3篇
- 2024年度專業(yè)牛羊養(yǎng)殖場規(guī)?;忎N合同書3篇
- 臨時(shí)咖啡師招募合同
- 2024年班組工人勞動(dòng)安全合同3篇
- 2023年廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué):針灸治療學(xué)試題
- 文學(xué)常識(shí)(全)課件
- 《特許經(jīng)營實(shí)務(wù)》(第二版)特許經(jīng)營實(shí)務(wù)題庫及答案
- 休克的分類及診療思路
- 管理學(xué)(浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué))知到章節(jié)答案智慧樹2023年
- 《戴小橋和他的哥們兒:特務(wù)足球隊(duì)》交流課課件
- 金庸短篇小說《越女劍》中英文對(duì)照版
- 生命科學(xué)前沿技術(shù)智慧樹知到答案章節(jié)測(cè)試2023年蘇州大學(xué)
- 2023屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法填空:人物傳記類 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)10篇有答案
- 危險(xiǎn)性較大的分部分項(xiàng)工程施工前安全生產(chǎn)條件核查表
- 2023年小學(xué)英語六年級(jí)英語英語王杯競賽試題
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論