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學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高中英語語法_非謂語動(dòng)詞_講解及其練習(xí)題(1)

高中英語語法非謂語動(dòng)詞講解及其練習(xí)題

非謂語動(dòng)詞是在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式

是動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式.動(dòng)詞一般在句子中充當(dāng)謂語.在句中可起名詞,形容詞,副詞的作用,在句中充當(dāng)主語,賓語,表語,補(bǔ)語,定語或狀語.即動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分

3種形式:不定式,分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞),動(dòng)名詞

1.非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞的相同點(diǎn)有:

(1)如果是及物動(dòng)詞都可與賓語連用,例如:

Theybuiltagarden.

Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.

(2)都可以被狀語修飾:

Thesuitfitshimverywell.

Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.

(3)都有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng),“體”式(一般式;進(jìn)行式;完成式)的變化。例如:

Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.(謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài))

Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.(動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式)

Wehavewrittenthecomposition.(謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí))

Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.(現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式)

(4)都可以有邏輯主語

Theystartedtheworkatonce.(謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語)

Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.(動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語)

WeareLeaguemembers.(謂語動(dòng)詞的主語)

WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.

(現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語)

2、非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞的不同點(diǎn)有:

(1)非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有名詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。

(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。

(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有副詞作用(如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。

(4)謂語動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制;非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語,它不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。

(二)非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能:

二、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法:

(一)動(dòng)詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。

1.不定式的形式:(以動(dòng)詞write為例)

否定式:not+(to)do

(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后,

例如:

I'mgladtomeetyou.

Heseemstoknowalot.

Weplantopayavisit.

Hewantstobeanartist.

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Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.

Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.

(2)進(jìn)行式:不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,例如:Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.

Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.

(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前,例如:Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.

Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.

Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.

2.不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主語:

Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.

Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.

動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí),常用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式置于句后,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:

Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.

Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.

常用句式有:1、It+be+名詞+todo;2、Ittakessb.+sometime+todo;3、It+be+形容詞+ofsb+todo;4、It+be+形容詞+forsb.+todo;常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞,不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語。

(2)作表語:

Herjobistocleanthehall.

Heappearstohavecaughtacold.

(3)作賓語:

常與不定式做賓語連用的動(dòng)詞有:want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面,例如:

MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.

動(dòng)詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語,如:

Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.

HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.

動(dòng)詞不定式前有時(shí)可與疑問詞連用,如:

HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.

(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:

在復(fù)合賓語中,動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語,如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.

此外,介詞有時(shí)也與這種復(fù)合賓語連用,如:

Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema.

有些動(dòng)詞如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不定式要加to,如:

Isawhimcrosstheroad.

Hewasseentocrosstheroad.

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(5)作定語:

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系:①動(dòng)賓關(guān)系:

Ihaveameetingtoattend.

注意:不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等,應(yīng)有必要的介詞,如:

Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.

Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.

Whatdidyouopenitwith?

如果不定式修飾time,place,way,可以省略介詞:

Hehasnoplacetolive.

Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.

如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動(dòng)作承受者,不定式可用主動(dòng)式也可用被動(dòng)式:Haveyougotanythingtosend?

Haveyougotanythingtobesent?

②說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:

Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.

③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:

Heisthefirsttogethere.

(6)作狀語:

①表目的:

Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.

Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.

注意不定式放句首時(shí),邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:

wrong:Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.

right:Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.

wrong:TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.

right:TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.

②表結(jié)果:

Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.

常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào):

Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.

③表原因:

Theywereverysadtohearthenews.

④表程度:

It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.

Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.

(7)作獨(dú)立成分:

Totellyouthetruth,Idon'tlikethewayhetalked.

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do動(dòng)詞。

Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.

(9)不定式的并列:第二個(gè)不定式可省略to。

Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.

(二)動(dòng)名詞:

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動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征,又具有名詞的句法功能。

1.動(dòng)名詞的形式:

否定式:not+動(dòng)名詞

(1)一般式:

Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。

(2)被動(dòng)式:

Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)。

(3)完成式:

Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我們記得看過這部電影。

(4)完成被動(dòng)式:

HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.

他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過。

(5)否定式:not+動(dòng)名詞

Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔沒聽他的勸告。

(6)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+動(dòng)名詞

Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮巍?/p>

HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.

他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。

2.動(dòng)名詞的句法功能:

(1)作主語:

Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗讀是很有好處的。

Collectingstampsisinteresting.集郵很有趣。

當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。

It'snousequarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。

(2)作表語:

Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.

在螞蟻王國,蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。

(3)作賓語:

Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.他們還沒有建好大壩。

Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.

我們必須阻止空氣被污染。

注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個(gè)例句。此外,動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí),若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則常用形式賓語it,例如:

Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。

要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語:

enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承認(rèn)),deny(否認(rèn)),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒險(xiǎn)),appreciate(感激),bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp(情不自禁地),thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike

(4)作定語:

Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.他沒有拐杖不能走路。

Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎?

(5)作同位語:

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Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那個(gè)山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。

Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged.

他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。

(三)現(xiàn)在分詞:

現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。

1、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式:

否定式:not+現(xiàn)在分詞

(1)現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài):現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,完成

式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,常作狀語。例如:

Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。

Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.做完作業(yè),他開始打籃球。

(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)

詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。

Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被討論的問題很重要。

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.

被告訴了好幾遍,這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

2.現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能:

(1)作定語:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語做定語

放在名詞后。

Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.

在后來的幾年中,他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。

Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.

正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長的父親。

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句的句法功能,如:inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed;themanspeakingtotheteacher可改為themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacher.

(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語:

Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在這家上演的電影很棒。

Thepresentsituationisinspiring.當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)鼓舞人心。

be+doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語,它們的區(qū)別在于be+doing表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí),而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:

如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語:

see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例如:Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。

(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語:

①作時(shí)間狀語:

(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.

在工廠工作時(shí),他是一名先進(jìn)工人。

②作原因狀語:

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BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青團(tuán)員,他經(jīng)常幫助他人。③作方式狀語,表示伴隨:

Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里,又擦又洗。

④作條件狀語:

(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.

要是整天玩,你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。

⑤作結(jié)果狀語:

Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了,結(jié)果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的狀語:

Hewentswimmingtheotherday.幾天前他去游泳了。

⑦作讓步狀語:

Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.

雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。

⑧與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格:

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.

我等汽車時(shí),一只鳥落到我頭上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.

所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了,他們失望地離開了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.

如果時(shí)間允許,我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。

有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式

Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。

⑨作獨(dú)立成分:

udgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.

從外表看,他一定是個(gè)演員。

Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般說來,女孩子更細(xì)心。

(四)過去分詞:

過去分詞只有一種形式:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求,要一一記住。

過去分詞的句法功能:

1.過去分詞作定語:

OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。

Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會(huì)。

注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時(shí),一般用于名詞前,如果是過去分詞短語,就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。

2.過去分詞作表語:

Thewindowisbroken.窗戶破了。

Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be+過去分詞,如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu),如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。區(qū)別:

Thewindowisbroken.(系表)

Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.(被動(dòng))

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有些過去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的,不表示被動(dòng),只表示完成。如:

boiledwater(開水)fallenleaves(落葉)

newlyarrivedgoods(新到的貨)therisensun(升起的太陽)

thechangedworld(變了的世界)

這類過去分詞有:gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。

3.過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語:

Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.

上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。

有時(shí)過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語:

Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。

4.過去分詞作狀語:

Praisedbytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.

受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng),他成為父母的驕傲。(表示原因)

Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.

一旦它被看見,人們就忘不了。(表示時(shí)間)

Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.

如果給予更多的時(shí)間,我能做得更好。(表示條件)

Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.

雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn),他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子。(表示讓步)

Filledwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.心中充滿了希望與恐懼,他走進(jìn)山洞。非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分析

1.TheOlympicGames,______in776B.C,did’tincludewomenplayersuntil1919.

A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying

析:根據(jù)題干,必須選表示被動(dòng)的選項(xiàng),故排除A、D;因B選項(xiàng)表“將要被舉行”意,不合題干之用,只有C選項(xiàng)(相當(dāng)于whichwasfirstplayed)才合用。

2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.

A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake

析:B、C是謂語動(dòng)詞,在此不可用。D項(xiàng)tomake或表目的,或表“將要使得”,這都不合題干情景。只有A.making,可作狀語,表結(jié)果。再舉一現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語例:

Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.公共汽車被大風(fēng)雪所阻,因而耽誤了。

3.LittleJimshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening.

A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking

析:根據(jù)thisevening,應(yīng)選表示將來義的選項(xiàng),C、D應(yīng)排除。Take后無賓語,必然要用被動(dòng)式,故答案為A。

4.Johnwasmade______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.

A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing

析:根據(jù)bemadetodosth.句式,可定答案為A。

5.Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.

A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating

析:根據(jù)warnsb.(not)todosth.句式,可排除B、D兩項(xiàng);又根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式not總是在首位的規(guī)律,又可排除A,而定C。

6.——Iusuallygotherebytrain.——Whynot______byboatforachange?

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing

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析:此題可根據(jù)whynot后直接跟原形動(dòng)詞規(guī)律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項(xiàng)改為trytogo,則要根據(jù)其與trygoing意義之別來確定答案。依據(jù)題干對(duì)話內(nèi)容,乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣,所以答案仍為D。

7.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.

A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived

析:非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式not應(yīng)置于首位,B、D皆為錯(cuò)誤形式。A項(xiàng)不能表達(dá)先于decided的動(dòng)作,只有選C項(xiàng)才表沒收到信在先,決定再寫信在后,所以C為正確答案。

8.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.

A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havingmvented

析:consider表“考慮”意時(shí),其后動(dòng)詞用doing形式,此處不表“考慮”,而表“認(rèn)為”,這時(shí)consider后作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語多為todo,tohavedone,tobe等形式。據(jù)此可排除

B、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。又因A表“要發(fā)明”意,不合題用,只有C表“發(fā)明了”意,才合題用,故選C。

9.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.

A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited

析:“被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)”,應(yīng)選表被動(dòng)意的選項(xiàng),B不可用。D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who,也應(yīng)排除。又因短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作定語,C也應(yīng)排除,只有A.invited(=whowereinvited)才是正確答案。

10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.

A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiredD.tied

析:B表主動(dòng)意,應(yīng)排除。C表“將要被捆綁”,A表“正在被捆綁”都不合題意,只有D項(xiàng)填入空白才能表達(dá)“雙手被反綁著”這一意思,符合題干情景。再看一類似例句:Hecamein,(with)hisheadheldhigh.他昂首走了進(jìn)來。

非謂語動(dòng)詞專練

1.______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.

A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.Giving

2.Thefirsttextbooks______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

A.tobewrittenB.writtenC.beingwrittenD.havingwritten

3.Themissingboyswerelastseen______neartheriver.

A.toplayB.playC.tobeplayingD.playing

4.______inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

A.ToloseB.LostC.HavinglostD.Losing

5.Whenpassingmehepretended______me.

A.toseeB.nothavingseenC.tohavenotseenD.nottohaveseen

6.Thechildreninsisted______thereonfoot.

A.theygoingB.theywouldgoC.ontheirgoingD.going

7.Hestillremembers______toShanghaiwhenhewasveryyoung.

A.takingB.beingtakenC.takenD.havingtaken

8.______therailwaystation,wehadabreak,only______thetrainhadleft.

A.Arrivingat;tofindB.Comingto;discoveringthat

C.Onarrivingat;findingoutD.Hurryingto;tohavefoundout

9.Withtheboy______theway,wehadnotrouble______theway______toZhongshanPark.

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A.leading;finding;leadingB.tolead;found;toleadC.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led

10.______thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeingand______fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmorebeautiful.

A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen

11.IcanhardlyimaginePeter______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.

A.tohavesailedB.tosailC.sailingD.sail

12.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair______againstyourface.

A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove

13.______isknowntoall,Chinawillbean______andpowerfulcountryin20or30years’time.

A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing

14.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp______intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.

A.persuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

15.Therewasterriblenoise______thesuddenburstoflight.

A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed

16.Pleaseexcusemy______inwithout______.

A.come;permittedB.coming;permittedC.comimg;beingpermittedD.tocome;beingpermitted

17.______hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting______then.

A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld

18.——Didyouhearher______thispopsongthistimetheotherday?

——Yes,andIheardthissong______inEnglish.

A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sung

19.Thequestion______nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion______yesterday.

A.discussed;discussedB.discussing;haddiscussedC.beingdiscussed;discussed

D.discussing;discussing

20.Withthecooking______,Iwenton______somesewing.

A.done;todoB.beingdone;doingC.tobedone;doingD.tohavedone;doing

21.Itisnouse______yourpastmistakes.

A.regrettingB.regretC.toregretD.regretted

22.Herhusbanddiedin1980andhadnothing______toher,only______herfivechildren.

A.left;toleaveB.leaving;leavingC.leaving;leftD.left;leaving

23.Iamverybusy.Ihaveaverydifficultproblem______.

A.toworkB.toworkoutC.tobeworkedoutD.toworkitout

24.Iwouldappreciate______backthisaffernoon.

A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling

25.Climbingmountainswas______,soweallfelt______.

A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired

26.Isawsomevillagers______onthebenchattheendoftheroom.

A.seatingB.seatC.seatedD.seatedthemselves

27.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell______careof.

A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking

28.Itisoneoftheimportantproblems______tomorrow.

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A.tosolveB.tobesolvedC.solvedD.solving

29.______mapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.

A.DrawnB.DrawingC.TodrawD.Bedrawing

30.Thereisariver______aroundourschool.

A.torunB.runC.runningD.toberunning

31.Howaboutthetwoofus______awalkdownthegarden?

A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaken

32.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet______onthegroundonthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolourTVset.______whenIgothome.

A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing

33.Whththekind-h(huán)eartedboy____mewithmywork,I’msureI’llbeabletosparetime___withyourwork.

A.tohelp;helpyououtB.helping;helpingyouC.helped;tohelpyououtD.tohelp;tohelpyou

34.Greatlymoveddbyherwords,______.

A.tearscametohiseyesB.hecouldhardlyholdbackhistears

C.tearscouldhardlybeheldbackD.hiseyeswerefilledwithtears.

35.——Ihopethechildrenwon’ttouchthedog.

——I’vewarnedthem______.

A.notB.nottoC.nottouchD.notdo

36.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.

A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone

37.When______whyhewalkedinwithoutpermission,hejuststaredatusandsaidnothing.

A.beenaskedB.askedC.askingD.tobeasked

38.Themankeptsilentintheroomunless______.

A.spokentoB.spoketoC.spokenD.tospeak

39.Hewasoftenlistened______inthenextroom.

A.singB.sungC.tosingD.totosing

40.Ratherthan______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers______abicycle.

A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding

41.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.

A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto

42.What’stroublingthemis______enoughexperiencedworkers.

A.thattheyhavetoB.theyhavenotC.theirnothavingD.nottheirhaving

43.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.

A.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NothavingknownD.Havingnotknow

44.Bambooisused______housesinsomeplaces.

A.tobuildB.tobuildingC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt

45.Goon______theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.

A.todoB.doingC.withD.tobedoing

46.Thedaywelookedforwardto______.

A.comeB.comingC.hascomeD.havecome

47.Whomwouldyourather______thework?

A.tohavetodoB.tohavedoC.havetodoD.havedo

48.Doyouthinkitanygood______withhimagain?

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A.totalkB.talkingC.totalkingD.havingtalked

49.Sometimesnewideashavetobetestedmanytimesbefore______.

A.acceptingfullyB.beingfullyacceptedC.fullyacceptingD.fullybeingaccepted

50.Thegovernmentforbids______suchbadbooks.

A.publishedB.topublishC.publishD.publishing

非謂語動(dòng)詞專練答案

1―5CBDBD6―10CBAAA11―15CBCCB16―20CADCA

21―25ADBCA26―30CCBCC31―35CADBB36―40BBADC

41―45ACAAA46―50CDABD

非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞是指分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等三種形式,即:doing,done,todo,doing。當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的變化形式,如:

現(xiàn)在分詞doing:有beingdone(被動(dòng)式);havingdone(完成式);havingbeendone(完成被動(dòng)式)

不定式todo:有tobedone(被動(dòng)式);tohavedone(完成式);tobedoing(進(jìn)行式)動(dòng)名詞doing:有havingdone(完成式);beingdone(被動(dòng)式);

非謂語動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn):三種非謂語動(dòng)詞都具有動(dòng)詞的特征,雖然它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時(shí)跟賓語。它們都有各自的特征:分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征;動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特征;不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。具體來講:分詞在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或補(bǔ)足語等;動(dòng)名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語等;不定式在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)足語或狀語。

下面分別對(duì)三種非謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行講解:

一.動(dòng)詞不定式

先看幾個(gè)例句,判斷不定式在句中的成分。

1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.

2.Hiswishistobeadriver.

3.Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.

4.Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.

5.Ihavenothingtosay.

6.Theywenttoseetheiraunt.

7.It’seasytoseetheiraunt.

8.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.

9.Iheardthemmakeanoise.

說明:1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語,2.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語,3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,4.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,5.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語,6.動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語,7.動(dòng)詞不定式作真正主語,it代替動(dòng)詞不定式,作形式主語。8.帶有連接代詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,9.不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

掌握動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題:

1.“to”是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞,下列短語中的to都是介詞。

agreetoobjecttocloseto,cometo,leadto,referto,

equalto,familiarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,nextto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardto

2.帶to還是不帶to

Ihavenochoicebuttogivein

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Icannotdoanythingbutgivein

Isawhimentertheclassroom.

(但是:Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.)

3.動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語是由for作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of.

It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.

It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.

與of連用的形容詞有:

good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible

4.后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:

want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.

需要賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不能用動(dòng)詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語,而要用it做形式賓語。例如:通常不說Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而說Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.

5.不定式的省略。下列短語中,如果意義明確,常常省略到to。

wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,o

ughtto,needto,usedto,beableto

6.不定式作定語,應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系:

1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系:

Hehasalotofmeetingtoattend.

Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.

Heislookingforaroomtolive

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

Hehasnomoneyandnoplace

tolive(in).

Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.

Thereisnotimetothink(about).

2)主謂關(guān)系:

Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.

----I’mgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(邏輯主語是I)

-------Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow(邏輯主語不是I)

7.不定式作狀語,可以有以下幾種意義:

1)原因

Heisluckytogethereontime.

這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有:

happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy

2)目的

Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.

3)結(jié)果

Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.

Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.

Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.

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8.不定式作補(bǔ)足語Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.能跟不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,notice注:當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí),不定式要帶to,如:Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.二.動(dòng)名詞LearningEnglishisverydifficult.學(xué)英語非常困難。Hisjobisdrivingabus.他的工作是開車。Ienjoydancing.我喜歡跳舞。Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。Takesomesleepingtablets,andyouwillsoonfallasleep.吃點(diǎn)安眠藥,你很快就會(huì)入睡。注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu):1.There’snotellingwhatwillhappen.=It’simpossibletotellwhatwillhappen.=Noonecantellwhatwillhappen.2.It’snousetalkingwithhim.It’snogoodspeakingtothemlikethat.3.There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下單詞替換:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime注意以下幾個(gè)問題:1.下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別,forgettodo…忘記要做某事forgetdoing…忘記做了某事remembertodo…記住要做某事rememberdoing…記著做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事meandoing…意味著做了某事regrettodo…對(duì)要做的事表示后悔regretdoing…對(duì)做過去的事后悔can’thelptodo…不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事trytodo…盡力去做某事trydoing試著做某事learntodo…學(xué)著去做某事learndoing…學(xué)會(huì)做某事stoptodo…停下來去做(另一件事)stopdoing…停止做某事13

goontodo…接著做(另外一件事)

goondoing…繼續(xù)做某事

usedtodo…過去做某事

beusedtodoing…習(xí)慣做某事

2.動(dòng)名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語意義有區(qū)別

動(dòng)名詞作定語表達(dá)n+fordoing的含義

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達(dá)n+which(who)bedoing的含義

如:asleepingcar=acarforsleeping

arunninghorse=ahorsewhichisrunning

前者是動(dòng)名詞,后者是現(xiàn)在分詞

又如:drinkingwater,walkingstickrunningwater,sleepingboy

3.動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語:

動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。

例如:Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.

4.動(dòng)名詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)

5.動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況:

needdoing,wantdoing,requiredoing

例如:Thisroomneedspainting.這個(gè)房間需要粉刷。

6.只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞:

admit,avoid,advise,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,complete,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit.practise,require,suggest,risk,keep,taketo,lookforwardto,getdownto,feellike,can’thelp,can’tstand,beusedto,insiston,succeedin,setabout,giveup,include,

三.分詞

1Thestoryisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.

這個(gè)故事有興趣,我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣。

2.Thisisamovingfilm.

這是一部動(dòng)人的電影。

3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingalongspeechforthepresident.秘書工作到深夜,為主席準(zhǔn)備一篇長篇演講稿。

4.Givenmoretime,I’lldoitwell.

如果給我多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,我會(huì)做的更好。

Whenhepassedthebackofthestreet,hesawthethiefstealingsomemoneyfromthebank.當(dāng)他后街時(shí),看到小偷正從銀行偷錢。

應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題:

1.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?

=DoyouknowthewomanwhoistalkingtoTom?

Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.

=Thesoldierwhowaswoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.

ChinaisadevelopingcountryandAmericaisadevelopedcountry.

2.分詞作表語

Thenewssoundsencouraging.

Theygotveryexcited.

14

1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別:

Thenewsisinteresting.

Heisinterestedinthenews.

doing作表語,主語與表語是主謂關(guān)系;done作表語,主語與表語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

2)表語與被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別:

TheblackboardwasbrokenbyXiaoMing.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)

Theblackboardisbroken.You’dbetterhaveitrepaired.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))

3)常作表語的過去分詞:

amused,injured,covered,known,dressed,lost,broken,gone,delighted,excited,pleased,satisfied,married,worried,surprised,interested,burnt,shut,crowded,wounded,drank,done

3.現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別

Thesituationinourcountryisencouraging.(表語)

Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))

Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.(動(dòng)名詞)

能回答how-question的是現(xiàn)在分詞,能回答what-question的動(dòng)名詞,即不能回答how-question也不能回答what-question的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

例如:Howisthesituationinourcountry?Itisencouraging.

Whatisyourjob?Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.

4.注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu):

havesomethingtodo有某事要做

havesomethingdone使某事被做

havesomebodydosomething使某人做某事

havesomethingdoing讓某事一直做著

5.需要跟反身代詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞:

seat,prepare,hide,dress

如:Iseatedmyselfonthechair.

Iwasseatedonthechair.

6.分詞做狀語與不定式的區(qū)別:

分詞做狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等;而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果。Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.(時(shí)間)

BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.(原因)

Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.(條件)

Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.(伴隨)

Togetmoreknowledge,wemustworkharderandharder.(目的)

Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.(結(jié)果)

7.分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別

arunninghorse現(xiàn)在分詞=ahorsethatisrunning

afallenleaf過去分詞=aleafthathasalreadyfallen

awalkingstick動(dòng)名詞=astickforwalking

somethingtodo不定式=somethingthatIshoulddo

8.不定式被動(dòng)式、分詞的被動(dòng)式和過去分詞的區(qū)別:

Ihaveaproblemtobediscussedatthemeeting.(將來)

ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuseum.(正在進(jìn)行)

15

Thebuildingcompletedthreeyearsagoisnowinbadconditions.(過去)

9.分詞做狀語需要注意的一個(gè)問題:

分詞與句子主語的邏輯關(guān)系

Seeingfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.(錯(cuò)誤)

Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.(正確)

Seeing與thecity不是主謂關(guān)系;seen與city是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

練習(xí)

I.單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Mostofthepeople_____tothepartywerefamousscientists.

A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting

2.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn’

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