滬教牛津版八年級下期中語法復(fù)習(xí)

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載一、動詞不定式動詞不定式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“todosth”（有時可以省略to）,在句中除了不能充當(dāng)謂語外其他成分都可以充當(dāng)，如主語、表語、賓語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語等，這學(xué)期我們主要學(xué)習(xí)動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和目的狀語。1.作賓語需要用動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有：want,hope,wish,like,begin,start,forget,remember,need,ask,learn,decide,wouldlike,try,offer,plan,refuse,agree,help等。Remembertoposttheletter.Ihopetostaywithyou拓展：（1）當(dāng)作賓語的不定式后跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時，通常需要形式賓語it代替不定式，并將真正的賓語（不定式）置于賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+謂語+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+動詞不定式。IfinditdifficulttolearnJapanesewell.（2）當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的不定式連用時，后面的不定式往往省略to.Hebegantoreadandwriteafterdinner.（3）動詞不定式可以和疑問詞who(m),which,what,when,how,where(why除外)等連用，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語或表語等。Howtocontrolthewaterpollutionisabigproblem.Thetroubleiswhomtoinvite.（4）”疑問詞+動詞不定式（短語）”作賓語時，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句Idon’tknowwhattodonexttime.=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonexttime.2.作賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，放在賓語的后面，表示賓語是什么或者怎么樣。其后接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞（短語）有：ask,tell,like,love,hate,wouldlike,order,teach,want,wish,advise等。Thedoctoradvisedhimtotakeagoodrest.Weaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.拓展：（1）動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，在使役動詞和感官動詞后面需要省略to，常見的此類動詞有：have,let,make,feel,hear,notice,see,watch.Thebossmadetheworkersworkover10hoursadayinthepast.IsawLiLeifalldownfromhisbike,（2）help接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，不定式符號可以省略也可以不省略。Heoftencomestohelpus(to)dosomefarmingwork.3.作目的狀語動詞不定式表目的時，可放在句子的前面，也可以放在句子的末尾，但在句子前面時，動詞不定式常用逗號與句子隔開，而在句子末尾時一般不用逗號隔開。Hegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.練習(xí)1.Thechildrendecide_______theirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned2.Helosthiskey.Itmadehim______inthecoldtowaitforhiswife’sreturn.A.tostayB.stayedC.staysD.stay3.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_______me.A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps4.Itwastimeforclass.MrKingaskedallthechildren________downquietly.A.sitB.satC.tositD.sitting5.______abookinthelibrary,youshouldenterakeywordintothecomputerfirst.A.TofindB.FindC.TowriteD.Write6.---Whichdressdoyoulikebest,Madam?---Sorry,Ican’tdecide________now.A.tobuywhichoneB.buywhichoneC.whichonetobuyD.whichIshouldbuyit7.TrytosingmoreEnglishsongs,andyouwillfinditinteresting______aforeignlanguage.A.learningB.learnsC.learnD.tolearn8.---IwillgohoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?---Ihaven’tdecidedwhere_______.A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo9.---Whydon’tyougoouttoplay,Rose?---BecauseIhavemuchhomework_______.A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo二、動名詞Communicatingismorethanjustspeaking.交流不僅僅是說話Debbieenjoyssmilingandalwayslooksfriendly.黛比喜歡微笑并且看上去總是很友好I’mlookingforwardtogoingtoBeijing.我正盼望著去北京。動名詞是由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，它在句中可作多種成分。變化規(guī)則一般在詞尾加ing。buy-buyingwait-waitingrain-raining以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e再加ing。use-usingride-riding以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加ing。begin-beginningcut-cutting少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y，再加ing。die-dyinglie-lyingtie-tying以oe,ee,ye結(jié)尾的動詞，直接在詞尾加ing。see-seeingflee-fleeing用法1.作主語常位于句首，此時位于動詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Swimmingintheseaisherfavouritesport.2.作表語用于表示主語是什么。Myfavouritehobbyiscollectingstamps.3.作動詞和介詞的賓語IpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.4.作定語動名詞可以用于所修飾的名詞前表示該事物的用途，也可以使用“for+動名詞”形式位于所修飾的名詞前。aswimmingpool=apoolofforswimming.1.Theretiredcoupleenjoy_________photos.Theyalwaysgooutwiththeircameras.A.takeB.tookC.totakeD.taking2.---Thanksverymuchfor___________（invite）metoyourbirthdayparty.3.______thecompetitionbroughthermorethanjustfame.A.WinB.WinningC.WonD.Winner4.WatchingTVtoomuch_______goodforyoureyes.A.isB.isn’tC.areD.aren’t5.---Wouldyoumind_______thewindow?---Notatall.A.openingB.openC.toopenD.opens6.Whatabout______theguitar?A.practisingplayingB.practisetoplayC.practiseplayingD.practisingtoplay7.Theylefttheroomwithout_____aword.A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.says三、被動語態(tài)1.Nonetsarerequiredforthistypeoffishing.這種捕魚方式不需要網(wǎng)。2.CormorantfishingwasoncepractisedinlotsofplacesinSouth-EastChina...曾經(jīng)中國東南部很多地方從事鸕鶿捕魚業(yè)......3.Amusicshowwillbeheldintheschoolhallat4p.m.onTuesday,4May.5月4日星期二下午4點，將在學(xué)校大廳舉行音樂表演。說明：句1是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，句2是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，句3是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。英語的語態(tài)有主動和被動兩種：主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者?；緲?gòu)成be+過去分詞Footballisplayedallovertheworld.足球風(fēng)靡世界。Isitmadeofbamboo?它是用竹子做的嗎？基本變法WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer主動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語其余部分Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語其余部分賓語提前做主語，主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，謂語變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞，時態(tài)根據(jù)主動語態(tài)來確定。3.常見的幾種被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are(not)+過去分詞Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.一般過去時was/were(not)+過去分詞ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.一般將來時will/shal(not)l+be+過去分詞LeiFengwillberememberedbyusforever,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are(not)being+過去分詞Manytreesarebeingcutdownnow現(xiàn)在完成時have/has(not)been+過去分詞Man-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospace.含情態(tài)動詞can/may/must(not)be+過去分詞Alltheexercisesmustbefinishedbefore4p.m.4.省去by的幾個條件不知道、沒必要或不想說出動作的執(zhí)行者。Riceisgrownwellthere.強(qiáng)調(diào)說明動作的承受者IwassenttoteachthemEnglish.漢語中有“據(jù)說、大家說”等Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.5.各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)am/is/are+過去分詞IamoftengivengiftsbyTom.ThethingsonshowareallmadeinChina.Istheroomcleanedeveryday?一般過去時的被動語態(tài)was/were+過去分詞Jimwasaskedtogothere.Thevisitorswerestoppedfromleavingthetopofthemountainbytheheavysnow.(3)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)willbe+過去分詞或者am/is/are+過去分詞Lotsoftreeswillbeplantedonthehillnextyear.Thechildrenwon’tbeallowedtogooutatnight.Isthebridgegoingtobebuiltbytheworkersnextyear?6.特殊情況：復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)感官動詞和使役動詞在主動句中，其后的動詞不定式不帶to，但變被動句時必須加上to.主動：Thebossmadeherworkfor10hoursaday.被動：shewasmadetoworkfor10hoursaday.練習(xí)：---Didn’tyouseethesigh“NoParking!”ontheright?---Sorry,Ididn’t.ButnowIknowparking_______here.A.wasn’tallowedB.isn’tallowedC.won’tallowD.doesn’tallow2.Annie_____totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.A.invitesB.isinvitedC.wasinvitedD.hasinvited3.---Anewpark_______inourhometownnextyear.----Really?Ourhometownmustbemorebeautiful.A.willbuildB.willbebuiltC.isbuilt4.---Excuseme,I’mlookingforBetheBestofYourself.----Sorry.Thebookyouaskforis______out.A.issellingoutC.issoldC.wassellingD.willbesold5.Eachyearquitealotoffood______aroundtheworld.It’sreallytimeforustodosomething.A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted6.Flowers_____alongtheroadlastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted7.Itissaidanewmuseum_______inourcitynextyear.A.buildsB.isbuildingC.willbebuiltD.wasbuilt8.---DoesshelikesingingEnglishsongs?---Yes,she_____tosingEnglishsongsinherroom.A.oftendoesB.isoftenhear