北京市朝陽區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試卷 附解析

北京市朝陽區(qū)2022~2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測高二英語(考試時(shí)間100分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。BreakdownandStart-upJustovertwoyearsago,Iwasdrivinghomefairlylateonenightonaquiet,remoteroadwhenanothercarsuddenlymovedtowardsmewithgreat___1___.Ihadtomakeasuddenandquicksidewaysmovementto___2___hittingitandIalmosthitatree.LuckilyIwasn’thurt,butIcouldn’tgetmycartostart.Ithadbrokendown.Ifeltquite___3___asitwaslateandtherewerehardlyanyothercarsaround.I___4___myroadsideassistancecompanyforhelpandtheytoldmesomeonewouldbethereinaroundoneandhalfanhour.Afteraboutfifteenminutes,apassingcar___5___andastrongmanwithaseriousfacesteppedoutofthecar.HeaskedifIneeded___6___andItoldhimwhathadhappened.He___7___offeredtostaywithmeuntilroadsideassistancearrived.IwasuncertainaboutwhattodobecauseIwasnervousanduneasy.Therewassomethingverycalmandcomfortableinhisvoice,soItookhimuponhisoffer.Whilewaiting,westartedtalkingandreally___8___itoff.Bythetimetheroadsideassistancemanturnedup,we’darrangedto___9___again.Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether.IwishIcouldthankthecarelessdriverwhoforcedmeofftheroad.Ifhewasabetterdriver,I’dneverhavemetalifelong____10____.1.A.power B.effort C.care D.speed2.A.avoid B.practice C.risk D.delay3A.guilty B.ashamed C.anxious D.curious4.A.phoned B.recommended C.blamed D.examined5.A.startedup B.brokedown C.droveoff D.pulledup6.A.space B.help C.care D.information7.A.kindly B.carefully C.eagerly D.rudely8.A.took B.shook C.knocked D.hit9.A.travel B.play C.meet D.wait10.A.interest B.friendship C.dream D.habit【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.A5.D6.B7.A8.D9.C10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者在一個(gè)晚上為了躲避車輛而導(dǎo)致自己的車無法再次啟動，一個(gè)好心的司機(jī)停下車來陪著作者聊天，直到路邊救援公司到來，此后作者和那個(gè)人成為了好朋友?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在兩年前的一個(gè)晚上，我很晚才開車回家，行駛在一條僻靜偏僻的路上，突然另一輛車以極快的速度向我駛來。A.power權(quán)力；B.effort努力；C.care照料，護(hù)理；D.speed速度。根據(jù)下文“Ihadtomakeasuddenandquicksidewaysmovement”可知，突然另一輛車以極快的速度向作者駛來。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了避免撞到它，我不得不突然快速地向旁邊移動，結(jié)果我差點(diǎn)撞到一棵樹。A.avoid避免；B.practice練習(xí)；C.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；D.delay推遲。根據(jù)下文“hittingit”可知，作者是避免撞到那輛車。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)很晚了，周圍又幾乎沒有別的車。A.guilty有罪的；B.ashamed慚愧的；C.anxious焦慮的，擔(dān)心的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)下文“therewerehardlyanyothercarsaround”可知，天很晚，周圍又沒有車，所以作者很擔(dān)心。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我打電話給路邊救援公司尋求幫助，他們告訴我一個(gè)半小時(shí)左右就會有人到。A.phoned打電話；B.recommended推薦；C.blamed責(zé)備；D.examined檢查。根據(jù)下文“theytoldmesomeonewouldbethereinaroundoneandhalfanhour”可知，作者打電話給路邊救援公司尋求幫助。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：大約十五分鐘后，一輛路過的汽車停了下來，一位神情嚴(yán)肅的壯漢從車?yán)镒吡顺鰜?。A.startedup開始；B.brokedown出故障；C.droveoff駕車離去；D.pulledup停下來。根據(jù)下文“astrongmanwithaseriousfacesteppedoutofthecar”可知，一輛路過的汽車停了下來。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他問我是否需要幫助，我告訴他發(fā)生了什么事。A.space空間；B.help幫助；C.care照料，護(hù)理；D.information信息。根據(jù)下文“Itoldhimwhathadhappened”可知，那個(gè)人應(yīng)該是問作者是否需要幫助。故選B?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他好心地提出在路邊救援人員到來之前陪著我。A.kindly好心地；B.carefully仔細(xì)地；C.eagerly急切地；D.rudely粗魯?shù)?。根?jù)下文“offeredtostaywithme”可知，那個(gè)人好心地提出在路邊救援人員到來之前陪著作者。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在等待的時(shí)候，我們開始聊天，非常合得來。A.took拿走；B.shook搖晃；C.knocked敲；D.hit打，擊。根據(jù)下文“Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether”可知，作者和那個(gè)人非常合得來，hititoff是固定短語，意為“合得來”。故選D。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：路邊救援人員出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)安排好了再次見面。A.travel旅行；B.play玩兒；C.meet見面；D.wait等待。根據(jù)上文“really___8___itoff”和下文“Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether”可知，作者和那個(gè)人已經(jīng)安排好了再次見面。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果他是一個(gè)更好的司機(jī)，我永遠(yuǎn)不會遇到終身的友誼。A.interest興趣；B.friendship友誼；C.dream夢想；D.habit習(xí)慣。根據(jù)上文“Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether”可知，此處表示“如果他是一個(gè)更好的司機(jī)，我永遠(yuǎn)不會遇到終身的友誼”。故選B。第二節(jié)選詞填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組并用其正確形式填空。beconsistentwithmotivateurgentreputationapplyoneselftobeenthusiasticaboutapprovalsetouttakeupinteractwith11.Itwasreally______toseesomeonedoingsomerealefforttosavetheforestsandtrees.12.Themost______thinginafireistomakesureeveryoneisoutofthebuilding.13.Ifyouwouldjust______yourschoolwork,youwouldgetmuchbettergrades.14.Shewasagoodlawyerwitha______forhonestyandcarefulwork.15.Youcanbelievewhatthewitnesssaid.Herversionofevents______theevidence.16.Itisjustthreemonthssincewereceivedofficial______togoaheadwiththeproject.17.She______withtheaimofbecomingtheyoungesteverwinnerofthechampionship.18.Althoughwehavebeentakingclassesonline,wecan______ourteacheroverthephones.19.IknowhowbusyyoumustbeandnaturallyIwouldn’twantto______toomuchofyourtime.20.Ifyou______something,youshowhowmuchyoulikeitbythewaythatyoubehaveandtalk.【答案】11.motivating12.urgent13.applyyourselfto14.reputation15.isconsistentwith16.approval17.setout18.interactwith19.takeup20.areenthusiasticabout【解析】【11題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：看到有人付出真正的努力保護(hù)森林和樹木真是令人歡欣鼓舞。分析句子可知，空格處為表語，motivate“激勵；使決心做”為動詞，應(yīng)使用該詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式motivating，修飾主語It。故填motivating。【12題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：火災(zāi)中最要緊的就是確保將樓里的人全部解救出來。分析句子可知，空格處為thing的定語，urgent“緊迫的；緊急的”是形容詞，符合句意，故選填urgent?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：如果你能專心致志地完成好學(xué)校的課業(yè)，那么你的成績肯定會有很大提高。分析句子可知，空格處充當(dāng)從句謂語動詞，applyoneselfto“專心于；致力于”為動詞短語，從句主語為you，故該短語中的反身代詞使用yourself，符合句意，情態(tài)動詞would后用動詞原形，故填applyyourselfto。【14題詳解】考查名詞。句意：作為一名優(yōu)秀的律師，她因誠信做人，認(rèn)真做事而在業(yè)內(nèi)很有名。分析句子可知，空格處為介詞with的賓語，reputation“聲名；名譽(yù)”為名詞，符合句意。故填reputation?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞短語。句意：你可以相信那個(gè)證人所說的話。他對整個(gè)事件的描述與證據(jù)是一致的。beconsistentwith“與……一致的”為形容詞短語，符合句意，主語Herversionofevents為單數(shù)，該句表述現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，故be動詞應(yīng)使用is，符合句意，故填isconsistentwith。【16題詳解】考查名詞。句意：從我們得到官方批準(zhǔn)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行這個(gè)項(xiàng)目到現(xiàn)在才三個(gè)月。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)作謂語動詞received的賓語，approval“批準(zhǔn)；同意”為名詞，符合句意。故選填approval?！?7題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：她一心想成為最年輕的錦標(biāo)賽冠軍。分析句子可知，空格處為謂語動詞，setout“立志成為；一心想做某事”為動詞短語，全句側(cè)重表述過去事實(shí)，謂語動詞應(yīng)使用過去式。故填setout?！?8題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：盡管我們一直在上網(wǎng)課，但我們還是可以通過手機(jī)與老師互動。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處作謂語動詞，interactwith“與……互動”為動詞短語，符合句意,情態(tài)動詞can后用動詞原形，故填interactwith?！?9題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：我知道你肯定很忙，因此我也不想占用你太多時(shí)間。分析句子可知，空格處作謂語動詞wouldn’twant的賓語，takeup“占據(jù)；占用”為動詞短語，符合句意，結(jié)合wanttodo，故填takeup?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞短語。句意：如果你對某件事充滿熱情，你會通過言行表現(xiàn)出來你的熱愛。分析句子可知，beenthusiasticabout“對……熱愛的；對……充滿熱情的”為形容詞短語，符合題意，且全句表述一般性事實(shí)，從句主語為you，be動詞應(yīng)使用are，符合句意。故填areenthusiasticabout。第三節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。21.Shesaidshedidn’tcareaboutit,butIbelieveshewas_________(secret)delighted.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】secretly【解析】【詳解】考查副詞。句意：她說她不在乎，但我相信她私底下很高興。空格處修飾形容詞delighted，要用副詞secretly，意為“暗自感覺地，私底下地”。故填secretly。22.AshewatchedtheTVplay,hesuddenlyrealizedthathe_________(see)itbefore.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hadseen【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他看這部電視劇時(shí)，他突然意識到之前就看過了。根據(jù)句意及句中時(shí)間副詞before可知，see發(fā)生在watched和realized之前，屬于“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadseen。23.Shirleyhasa17-year-olddaughter,_________ambitionistobeaphotographer.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】whose【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句連詞。句意：雪莉有一個(gè)17歲的女兒。這孩子的志向是當(dāng)一名攝影師。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，先行詞為daughter，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，與從句主語之間構(gòu)成意為“女兒的志向”的所屬關(guān)系，故填whose。24.Pleasedon’tcomeatfourthisafternoon.I_________(have)ameetingthen.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】willbehaving【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：今天下午四點(diǎn)請不要來。那時(shí)我正在開會。根據(jù)atfourthisafternoon及then可知，此處描述的動作是將來正在進(jìn)行的動作，應(yīng)用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填willbehaving。

25.Readingagoodbookislike________(talk)withanadmirableperson.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】talking【解析】【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：讀一本好書，就像和一個(gè)令人欽佩的人談話。此處like意為“像”，作介詞，其后跟動名詞作賓語，因此空格處是動名詞talking。故填talking。26.Stevenshowedmeroundthetown,_________wasverykindofhim.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】which【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：Steven帶我參觀了鎮(zhèn)上，他真是太好了。分析可知，空格處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，此處主語指前面整句話的內(nèi)容，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句，故填which。27.Theheavysnow________(fall)forthreedays.Thefieldswereallwhite.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hadbeenfalling【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：大雪已經(jīng)下了三天了。田野都是白色的。結(jié)合were和forthreedays可知，此處表示“已經(jīng)下了三天”，還會繼續(xù)下，句子用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填hadbeenfalling。28.Wehavegoteverything_________(prepare)fortheNewYear’spartytomorrow.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】prepared【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：明天新年派對的大小事宜，我們都已準(zhǔn)備停當(dāng)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為“get+sth+非謂語動詞”固定搭配，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動詞作everything的賓語補(bǔ)足語，且提示詞與賓語everything之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，故填prepared。29.John________(work)hereforovertwentyyearsandheisretiringnextmonth.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hasbeenworking【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：約翰在這里工作了20多年，下個(gè)月就要退休了。根據(jù)空后forovertwentyyears及heisretiringnextmonth可知，動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還會延續(xù)到下個(gè)月，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填hasbeenworking。30.China,_________TracyhadtaughtEnglishforseveralyears,impressedherthemost.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】where【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句連詞。句意：翠西曾在中國教過幾年英語。這個(gè)國家給她留下了特別深的印象。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，先行詞為China，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIfyouwouldliketoshareyourknowledgeaboutlifeatMonashandmakeapositiveimpactonothers,becominganeducationpeermentor(導(dǎo)師)istheperfectchoiceforyou.WhatarethebenefitsofEducationPeerMentoring?Receivepriorityaccesstoprofessionaldevelopmentopportunities.Joinourcommunityofhigh-achievingMonashstudents.Developyourleadership,communicationandteamworkskills.MeetandnetworkwithseniorMonashstaffandlike-mindedstudentleaders.RecordthisexperienceonyourAustralianHigherEducationGraduateStatement.Gainrichexperienceforyourresume(簡歷).Whocanapply?YouhaveadesiretohelpnewstudentsgetstartedandsucceedatMonash.Youarewillingtotalkaboutyourownuniversityexperience.Youshouldhavestronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.Youhavetheabilitytoworkwithavarietyofpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,Whataretherequirements?YoumustbeastudentatanAustraliancampusforpart-timeorfull-timelearning.Youmustbeatleastinyoursecondyearofstudyorabove.Youshouldbeabletocommittosupportingupto20freshstudentsthroughpersonalinteractions.Youshouldbeabletocommitatleast20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprograminonesemester.Howtoapply?Asanewpeermentor,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.Asacurrentpeermentorapplyingforthispositionagain,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthereturningmentorapplicationbutton.Onceyou’veapplied,we’llbeintouchtoletyouknowtheoutcomeofyourapplication.ImportantDatesMentorapplicationsopen9January2023Mentorapplicationsclose10February2023ProgramstartsApril202331.WhatdoapplicantsgainfromEducationPeerMentoring?A.Theycangainrichlifeexperience.B.Theycanhavepriorityaccesstovariedjobs.C.Theycanbecomeseniorcommunityteamleaders.D.Theycannetworkwithotherlike-mindedstudentleaders,32.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.A.beintheirfirstyearofstudyoraboveB.haveadesiretocommunicateandhelpotherstudentsC.finishupto20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprogramD.shareuniversityexperiencewithpeoplefromthesamebackground33.Whatshouldapplicantsdotogettheposition?A.ContacttheschoolforapplicationresultsB.Sendwrittenapplicationsafterprogramstarts.C.Preparewrittenapplicationstoapplyfortheprogram.D.Handinapplicationsonlythroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.【答案】31.D32.C33.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了Monash大學(xué)推出的友伴同行導(dǎo)師招聘活動的有關(guān)事宜，包括招聘條件、申請方式以及參加活動的益處等信息。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhatarethebenefitsofEducationPeerMentoring?”下第四個(gè)分點(diǎn)語句“MeetandnetworkwithseniorMonashstaffandlike-mindedstudentleaders.(在這里你可以與莫納什大學(xué)的高級職員和志同道合的學(xué)生領(lǐng)袖會面并建立社交網(wǎng))”可知，友伴同行導(dǎo)師可以讓申請人與其他志同道合的學(xué)生領(lǐng)袖建立聯(lián)系，。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whataretherequirements?”下第四個(gè)分點(diǎn)語句“Youshouldbeabletocommitatleast20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprograminonesemester.(你需要在一個(gè)學(xué)期的活動持續(xù)時(shí)間內(nèi)完成至少20個(gè)小時(shí)的志愿服務(wù))”可知，申請人需要在活動期間完成至少20個(gè)小時(shí)的志愿服務(wù)任務(wù)。故選C項(xiàng)。33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Howtoapply?”下第一個(gè)分點(diǎn)語句“Asanewpeermentor,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.(作為新同行導(dǎo)師，通過新導(dǎo)師應(yīng)用程序按鈕發(fā)送書面申請)”和第二個(gè)分點(diǎn)語句“Asacurrentpeermentorapplyingforthispositionagain,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthereturningmentorapplicationbutton.(作為當(dāng)前的同行導(dǎo)師再次申請?jiān)撀毼唬埻ㄟ^回歸導(dǎo)師申請按鈕發(fā)送書面申請)”可推知，無論你是第一次申請同行導(dǎo)師還是以現(xiàn)任同行導(dǎo)師的身份再次申請，都需要準(zhǔn)備好書面申請材料。故選C項(xiàng)。BTheshiftfromadolescence(青春期)toadulthoodcanbehardandoftenfilledwithhardshipandlessonslearned,especiallyforyoungpeopleexperiencinghomelessness.Frankie,ayoungwomanwhofeelsluckytohavehadthecaringsupportfromherdadFrankie’sdadraisedher,andtheywereveryclose.Whenhesuddenlypassedawaytwoyearsago,Frankiedidn’tknowhowshewouldsurvive.Withnofamilyorrelativestotakeherin,shefellintoadepression.Shebouncedfromhometohome,losingtrustshe’devergainstability.OneFridayafternoon,Frankiesatataparkbenchoutsideofschool.Asshewasworryingaboutwhereshewasgoingtolive,shesuddenlyrememberedsomethingherdadwouldtellherwhenshewaslittle.“Don’tevergiveup,”saidFrankie.“Ifdadwerehere,hewouldtellmethat.”ThosewordsencouragedhertoseekhelpfromNoel,aYouthCarecasemanager,whohelpedherfindaccommodationatCatalyst,oneofYouthCare’scommunitylivingprograms,YouthCareprovidedapathbacktostability.Frankiewasthankfultohavearoutine:dishwashingsafterdinner,weeklygamenights,andcheck-inswithamentalhealthdoctoreveryThursday.AtCatalyst,Frankiereceivedconsistentsupportandfoundadditionalresourcesforhermentalhealthcare.OutsideofherThursdayappointments,sheparticipatedinweeklyhomeworkassignmentsfocusedonwell-beingandgoal-settingforthefuture.NoelshowedgreatsurpriseatFrankie’spositivechangeswitheachpassingday.SheearnedherGED,anditwasn’tlongbeforeshebegansearchingforherfirstjob.WiththehelpofNoel,Frankieappliedforahandfulofpositionsinhealthorfitness.Frankiejumpedwithexcitementwhenshereceivedaninterviewcallforafrontdeskpositionatalocalgym!Dressedingreen,herdad’sfavoritecolor,Frankieenteredherinterviewwithconfidence.NoelsmiledveryhappilywhenFrankiereceivedasecondcalllaterthatdaywithnewsthatshegotthejob.ToomanyyoungpeoplecometoYouthCarewiththeirownstory.Eachofthemdeservesapathbacktostabilityastablehome,consistentsupport,andaccesstotreatmentservicesnecessarytobecomewell.LikeFrankie,theycanimaginenewpossibilitiesandchangethecourseoftheirownstorythroughencouragementandtreatment.34.WhatwasthemaincauseforFrankie’sdepression?A.Herdesiretogetajob. B.Herfearofhomelessness.C.Herlessonsofadolescence. D.Herinabilitytodealwithrelatives.35.HowdidYouthCareinfluenceFrankie?A.Sherealizedthevalueoffamilyaffection.B.Shehadastablelifetoachieveherpotential.C.Shelearnedtheimportanceofinterviewconfidence.DShebuiltuphercouragetobeamentalhealthdoctor.36.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Frankie’sJobHuntinginFitnessB.TheFriendshipbetweenFrankieandNoelC.FindingtheSupportNeededtoMoveForwardD.LookingforReliableRelativestotheHomeless【答案】34.B35.B36.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過寫Frankie在YouthCare的經(jīng)歷，講述了我們要學(xué)會找到前進(jìn)所需的支持?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Withnofamilyorrelativestotakeherin,shefellintoadepression.(由于沒有家人或親戚收留她，她得了抑郁癥)”可知，F(xiàn)rankie對無家可歸的恐懼是她抑郁的主要原因。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第五段中“YouthCareprovidedapathbacktostability.Frankiewasthankfultohavearoutine:dishwashingsafterdinner,weeklygamenights,andcheck-inswithamentalhealthdoctoreveryThursday.AtCatalyst,Frankiereceivedconsistentsupportandfoundadditionalresourcesforhermentalhealthcare.OutsideofherThursdayappointments,sheparticipatedinweeklyhomeworkassignmentsfocusedonwell-beingandgoal-settingforthefuture.(YouthCare提供了一條回歸穩(wěn)定的道路。Frankie很感激自己有一個(gè)常規(guī)：晚飯后洗碗，每周比賽之夜，每周四去心理健康醫(yī)生那里檢查。在Catalyst，F(xiàn)rankie得到了持續(xù)的支持，并為她的心理健康護(hù)理找到了額外的資源。除了周四的約會之外，她還參加了每周的家庭作業(yè)，重點(diǎn)是幸福感和未來的目標(biāo)設(shè)定)”可知，YouthCare幫助Frankie擁有了穩(wěn)定的生活，實(shí)現(xiàn)她的潛力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文和最后一段“Eachofthemdeservesapathbacktostabilityastablehome,consistentsupport,andaccesstotreatmentservicesnecessarytobecomewell.(他們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有一條回歸穩(wěn)定的道路，一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的家，始終如一的支持，以及獲得康復(fù)所需的治療服務(wù))”可知，文章通過寫Frankie在YouthCare的經(jīng)歷，講述了我們要學(xué)會找到前進(jìn)所需的支持。由此可知，F(xiàn)indingtheSupportNeededtoMoveForward(找到前進(jìn)所需的支持)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。CDogsgreetotherdogs’nosesfirst,sniffing(嗅)eachotherfromheadtotail.Peoplearenotsoopenabouttheprocessofsniffing,butsmellisimportantinhumanrelations,too.Thereisalsoevidencethathumanscaninferrelationshipandemotionalstatesandevendiscoverdiseasethroughsmell.Now,InbalRavreby,KobiSnitzandNoamSobeloftheWeizmannInstituteofSciencehavegoneastepfurther.AstheyreportinScienceAdvances,thethreeresearchersstartedtheirfirstexperimentbytestingthesmellsof20pairsoffamiliarandsame-sexfriends.Theyemployedanelectronicnose(e-nose)andtwogroupsofhuman“smellers”.Thee-noseusedasetofgassensorstoassessT-shirtswornbyparticipants.Onegroupofhumansmellersweregivenpairsoftheseshirtsandaskedtoratehowsimilartheysmelt.ThoseintheothergroupwereaskedtoratethesmellsofindividualT-shirtsonfivedimensions(維度):pleasantness,intensity,attractiveness,competenceandwarmth.Bothapproachesproducedthesameresult.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmeltmoresimilartoeachotherthandidtheT-shirtsofstrangers.Doesfriendshipcausesimilarityofsmell,ordoessimilarityofsmellcausefriendship?Thethreeresearchersinvestigatedwhethertherewerepositiveinteractionsbetweenstrangersbyusingthee-nosemeasurement.Theycollectedthesmellsofanother17volunteerswithe-nose,andthenaskedtheparticipantstoplayamirroringgame.Thatgameinvolvedsilentlymirroringanotherindividual’shandmovements,Participantswerepairedupbychanceandtheirreactionswererecorded.Aftereachinteraction,theydemonstratedhowclosetheyfelttotheirfellowgamerbyoverlappingtwocircles(onerepresentingthemselves,theothertheirpartner).Themoresimilarthetwoelectronicsmellsignatureswere,thegreatertheoverlap.Participantsalsoratedthequalityoftheirinteractioninthegamealong12dimensionsoffeelingsthatdefinefriendship,Similarsmellswereconsistentwithpositiveratingsfornineofthesedimensions.However,twoparticipantssmellingalikedidnotmeantheywereanymoreaccurateatthemirroringgamethanothers.Whysmellmightplayaroleinformingfriendshipsremainsobscure.Otherqualitiesrelatedtobeingfriends,includingage,appearance,andeducation,areeitherimmediatelyobviousorrapidlybecomeso.Butwhilesomeindividualshavestrongbodysmell,manydonot.Itispresent.Butitissubliminal(潛意識的).DrRavrebyguessesthattheremaybe“anevolutionaryadvantageinhavingfriendsthataregeneticallysimilartous”.Bodysmellisknowntobelinkedwithgeneticmake-up.Smellingsimilartoothersmaythusallowsubliminalinferencesaboutgeneticsimilaritytobedrawn.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstexperiment?A.Friendssmelllikeoneanother.B.Friendstendtosniffeachother.C.Thesmellcanbejudgedonfivedimensions.D.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmellthesametoeachother.38.Themirroringgameisdesignedto.A.enrichthedimensionsthatdefinefriendshipB.provestrangerssmellmorealikeafterpositiveinteractionsC.testwhetherstrangerscandevelopfriendshipintheprocessD.exploretherelationshipbetweensimilarityofsmellandfriendship39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Unacceptable. B.Unchanged. C.Unclear. D.Unrealistic.40.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Bodysmellshaveeffectsongeneticmake-upB.Peoplewhohavesimilarsmellsmayhavesimilargenes.C.Bodysmellsbecomesimilarafterpeoplebecomingfriends.D.Twoparticipantssmellingalikeperformedbetterinthegamethanothers.【答案】37.A38.D39.C40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是氣味可能在友誼的形成中起作用。【37題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Bothapproachesproducedthesameresult.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmeltmoresimilartoeachotherthandidtheT-shirtsofstrangers.(這兩種方法產(chǎn)生了相同的結(jié)果。朋友們的T恤聞起來比陌生人的T恤更相似。)”可知，我們能從第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中了解到朋友之間的氣味很像。故選A?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Doesfriendshipcausesimilarityofsmell,ordoessimilarityofsmellcausefriendship?Thethreeresearchersinvestigatedwhethertherewerepositiveinteractionsbetweenstrangersbyusingthee-nosemeasurement.Theycollectedthesmellsofanother17volunteerswithe-nose,andthenaskedtheparticipantstoplayamirroringgame.(是友誼造就了相似的氣味，還是相似的氣味造就了友誼?三位研究人員通過電子鼻測量來調(diào)查陌生人之間是否有積極的互動。他們收集了另外17名有電子鼻的志愿者的氣味，然后讓他們玩一個(gè)鏡像游戲。)”可知，鏡像游戲是為了探索氣味的相似性和友誼之間的關(guān)系。故選D。【39題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Otherqualitiesrelatedtobeingfriends,includingage,appearance,andeducation,areeitherimmediatelyobviousorrapidlybecomeso.(與成為朋友有關(guān)的其他品質(zhì)，包括年齡、外貌和教育程度，不是馬上就能看出來，就是很快就能看出來。)”可知，劃線詞所在的句子的意思是“為什么氣味可能在建立友誼中發(fā)揮作用仍然是一個(gè)謎”，也就是為什么氣味可能在建立友誼中發(fā)揮作用是不清楚的，obscure的意思是“不清楚的”，和unclear意思相近，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“DrRavrebyguessesthattheremaybe“anevolutionaryadvantageinhavingfriendsthataregeneticallysimilartous”.Bodysmellisknowntobelinkedwithgeneticmake-up.Smellingsimilartoothersmaythusallowsubliminalinferencesaboutgeneticsimilaritytobedrawn.(Ravreby博士猜測，“擁有基因相似的朋友可能是一種進(jìn)化優(yōu)勢”。眾所周知，體味與基因構(gòu)成有關(guān)。因此，與其他人的氣味相似可能會讓人們對基因相似性做出下意識的推斷。)”可知，我們能從這篇文章中推斷出氣味相似的人可能有相似的基因。故選B。DIhaveafriendwhobirdwatches.Shefeelscomfortablewhenevershe’sdoingit.Ifyouaskherwhyshelikesit,shewillsaythingslike“Well,birdsaretheworld’smostmagicalcreatures.”Ihaveanotherfriendwhoknits.Shelikesitbecauseit’ssatisfying,andhasanastonishinglyimpressiveimpactonpeopleforwhombeingabletoknitglovesisoutofreach.Asaterm,“hobby”hasalwaysbeenofarguablemeaning.Asksomeonewhattheythinkahobbyis,andyou’llgetadictionarydefinitionthattheywillhavejustlookedupontheirphonesand,then,apassionatespeechonalloftheactivitiesthatcanundernocircumstancesbeputintogroupsashobbiesbytheirownhighlyuniqueandinflexiblestandards.Beingonlineisnotahobby,apparently,norislisteningtomusic.Hardlyanyoneknowswhatahobbyis,andthisisparticularlythecasenowthatsomanyofusarespendingourleisuretimeonlinearguingaboutthesesortsofbasicdefinitionswithpeople,asthewriterMaxReadputitinanessay,“towhomtheworldhasbeencreatedagaineverymorning,forwhomeverysettledargumentofmodernitymustberewritten,butthistimewiththeirengagement.”Eventakingthesedifficultiesintoaccount,however,itseemsobviousthatbirdwatchingandknittingareclassichobbies.Theyareenjoyable,involvepracticeandrewardeffort,andtheyaregivenimmediateaccesstoagroupwiththesameinterests.Theyarethesortsofhobbiesadvicecolumnists(專欄作家)haveinmindwhenpeoplewriteinabouttheirimbalancedlives.It’sinteresting,then,thatnotoneofmytwoclearlyhobby-havingfriendswouldadmittothepractice.Theyworriedthattheirhobbies,whichgivethempleasureandkeepthemfarfromtheircomputers,madethemseemliketheyhadtoomuchleisuretimeandtooLewinnerresourcesthatwouldenablethemtonaturallyavoidboredom.Theyarefullypaid-upmembersofsociety,withbusylives,fulfillinginterpersonalrelationshipsand,again,hobbiesthatmakethemhappy.It’sjustthathobbieshaveanundeservedlybadreputation,onemadeworsebytheInternet,likeeverythingelse.Thebirdwatchersaidtheproblemwithhavingahobbywasthatitmadepeopleseemliketheywerecontributingandlearningnothing.Theknittersaidthatshepersonallyconnectedhobbieswithhavingnofriendsandnoideaofwhatnormalpeopledotohavefun,Actually,theydonotwanttobeseenasmadpeoplewhointentionallygetawayfromthecorrectcourse.Well,Ienjoycertainlightoperas.Iplaymusicformyownamusement.Andyes,Iamanordinarystudent,andthatisnotasignofmadness.41.TheauthormentionstwofriendswithdifferenthobbiesinParagraph1mainlyto.A.explainthedefinitionof“hobby”B.attractthereaders’attentiontohobbiesC.stresstheimportanceofhavingahobbyD.comparetwodifferenttypesofhobbies42.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyquotingMaxReadinParagraph3?A.“Hobby”asatermcanonlybedefinedwithouttheInternet.B.Peopleonlinediscussthedefinitionof“hobby”tochangelives.C.Peoplecreateanewworldbyexpressingtheirideasofhobbiesonline.D.Itishardforonlinepeopletoreachanagreementonthedefinitionof“hobby”.43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetwofriends’concernsabouttheirhobbies?A.Theyareafraidofbeingseenascrazypeople.B.Theyfeartheirhobbiesarenotimpressiveenough.C.Theyfinditnecessarytosharehobbiestobalancetheirlives.D.Theyrefusetosharetheirfeelingsabouttheirhobbieswithmadpeople.44.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Hobbiesaregreatforpeople’smentalhealth.B.Differentpeoplehavetheirownstandardsofhobbies.C.Itisreasonableandnormalforpeopletohavehobbies.D.Peoplewhosufferfrommadnesscanalsohavehobbies.【答案】41.B42.D43.A44.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。一直以來，對于“愛好”的定義眾說紛紜，并無定論。作者認(rèn)為只要是能自娛自樂，哪怕?lián)碛幸恍┬”娏眍惖膼酆?，也是正常合理的。?1題詳解】目的意圖題。根據(jù)第二段“Asaterm,“hobby”hasalwaysbeenofarguablemeaning.(一直以來，愛好都是一個(gè)頗具爭議的話題)”可知，作者于第一段中講述了喜歡編織和賞鳥的兩位朋友的生活故事，以此引起讀者對“愛好”這個(gè)話題的關(guān)注，故選B項(xiàng)。【42題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hardlyanyoneknowswhatahobbyis,andthisisparticularlythecasenowthatsomanyofusarespendingourleisuretimeonlinearguingaboutthesesortsofbasicdefinitionswithpeople,(幾乎沒人知道愛好是什么，尤其是現(xiàn)在我們很多人都把閑暇時(shí)間花在網(wǎng)上和別人爭論這些基本的定義上)”可知，MaxRead的引言表明在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上人們對愛好的基本定義看法不一，爭論不斷，故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Actually,theydonotwanttobeseenasmadpeoplewhointentionallygetawayfromthecorrectcourse.(事實(shí)上，他們不想被看作是刻意偏離正確路線的瘋子)”可知，這兩位朋友不愿將自己私下的愛好為旁人所知，是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε卤灰暈椴蛔邔こＢ返漠愵惢虔傋?，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】段落意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段“Well,Ienjoycertainlightoperas.Iplaymusicformyownamusement.Andyes,Iamanordinarystudent,andthatisnotasignofmadness.(嗯，我喜歡一些輕歌劇。我演奏音樂是為了自娛自樂。是的，我是一個(gè)普通的學(xué)生，這并不是發(fā)瘋的表現(xiàn))”可知，作者認(rèn)為擁有一些愛好，自娛自樂，怡情養(yǎng)性，是再正常合理不過的事情了，故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.____45____Yet,despiteallthecaloriecounting,dietingandexercising,worldwideobesity(肥胖)ratesjustkeepspeedingup.PeopleintheUSwereheavierin2021thantheywerein2020,placingmanymorepeopleatriskfromseriousdiseases.Sowhyhasn’tthisapproachtoweightcontrolworked?Onepossibilityisthatwehaven’ttriedhardenough.____46____O