2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)十四必修⑤Unit2Theenvironment課時作業(yè)含解析牛津譯林版

PAGE課時作業(yè)(十四)必修⑤Unit2TheenvironmentⅠ.閱讀理解A[2024·湖北省高三模擬]StepintoMovingtoMars,anexhibitionofMarsmissionandcolonydesignatLondon'sDesignMuseum,andimmediatelyyouhavegoodreasonsnottomovethere.FrighteningtextsonthewallsannouncethatMarswasn'tmadeforyou;thatthereisnolifeandpreciouslittlewater;that,dressedinaspacesuit,youwillnevertouch,tasteorsmelltheplanetyounowcall“home”.AsLisaGrossmanwroteforNewScientistacoupleofyearsago,“What'sdifferentaboutMarsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttrynottodie.”Itisanoddbeginningforsuchacelebratoryexhibition,butitprovidesavaluable,darkbackgroundagainstwhichtherestoftheshowcansparkle(閃爍)—ashowthatis,asitschiefmanagerJustinMcGuirkremarks,“notaboutMars;thisisanexhibitionaboutpeople”．Movingalong,thereisaquickyetclearflashthroughwhatthesciencefictionwriterKimStanleyRobinsoncalls“thehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind”.ABabylonianclaytabletandaGreekvasespeakofearlyideasabouttheplanet.AposterfortheoriginalTotalRecallfilmremindsusofMars'spsychologicalthreat.ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet.Therearerealspacesuitsandmodelsof3D-printedMartiansettlementsandsuitableclothingandfurniture.Missionarchitectureandengineeringsketcheslinethewalls.RealhammersmeantfortheInternationalSpaceStationarewall-mounted(固定在墻上的)besidealow-gravitytablethathasyettoleaveandmayindeedneverleaveEarth.This,ofcourse,isthegreatstrengthofapproachingsciencethroughdesign:realityandassumptionscanbegivenequalvisualweight,drawingusintoaninformedconversationaboutwhatitisthatweactuallywantfromafutureonMars.1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．HowtomovetoMars.B．HowtosurviveonMars.C．WhatpreparationswemadeforMars.D．WhattheexhibitionofMarstrulytellsus.2．WhatcanwelearnfromLisaGrossman?A．It'simpracticaltoliveonMars.B．It'snogoodsettlingonMars.C．YouhavenothingtodowhenlivingonMars.D．YoucanliveonMarsinaspacesuit.3．Whatdoestheexhibitionfocuson?A．ThecurrentplansforMars.B．TheadvantagesoflivingonMars.C．TheearlyideasaboutMars.D．ThehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Astory.B．Anopinion.C．Afantasy.D．Asolution.B[2024·銀川市高三質(zhì)量檢測]ChinaScienceDailyannouncedThursdaythatithasusedsoftwaretoautomaticallygeneratenewsstoriesaboutthelatestdiscoveriesfromtheworld'sleadingsciencejournals.Therobotsciencereporter,called“Xiaoke”，wasco-createdbythenewspaperandresearchersfromPekingUniversityinabouthalfayear.ItisthelatestcaseofChinesenewsorganizationsusingcomputertechnologytocreatethecontent.Accordingtoitsinventors,Xiaokehasgeneratedover200storiesbasedontheEnglishabstractofpaperspublishedinjournalssuchasScience,Nature,CellandTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Beforepublication,theautomaticallygeneratedarticleswillgothroughareviewprocess.Agroupofscientistsandthenewspaper'seditorswillcheckthecontentorgivesupplementary(補充的)information.ZhangMingwei,headoftheprogramandviceeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaper,saidinventorswouldmakeXiaokea“cross-linguistic(跨語言的)academicsecretary”tohelpChinesescientistsovercomelanguagebarriersandhaveeasyandquickaccesstothelatestscientificadvancesinEnglish-languagepublications.LeadresearcherWanXiaojun,ofPekingUniversityinchargeofthesystem'sdesignandtechnology,stressedthatthecontentgenerationtoolcoulddofarmorethantranslation.AccordingtoWan,Xiaokeisgoodatselectingcomplexwordsandsentences,whichcanhelpturnarticlesfullofconfusingtechnicaltermsintoeasyandreadablenewsreports.Thereadersoftherobotreporterarenotlimitedtoprofessionalsandtheyalsoincludethegeneralpublic,theinventorssaid.Sciencereportingisimportantinspreadinginformationaboutdiscoveriesandinpopularizingknowledgetopeople.5．Whatcanwelearnabout“Xiaoke”？A．Itisaprofessionaltranslator.B．IthasthemostadvancedAI.C．Itcanmakeupfictionstories.D．Itgeneratessciencenewsreports.6．WhatdopeopleneedtodotoimproveXiaoke'swork?A．Upgradetheartificialintelligence.B．Selectcomplexwordsandsentences.C．Checkthecontentandaddinformation.D．Helpitgetthelatestscientificadvances.7．Howdoestheinventorsfeelabout“Xiaoke”？A．Optimistic.B．Skeptical.C．Disappointed.D．Puzzled.8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Therobotreporterofsciencenews.B．Thereadersofthesciencereports.C．Theeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaper.D．Thelatestcaseofnewsorganizations.Ⅱ.七選五[2024·日照市高三二模]Oneofthemostcommondistractionswemeetisthatwehavetoomanyoptionsonhand.Forexample,athomeyoucanchoosetofeedyourdog,readabook,watchTV,haveasnackortakeanap.Whentherearetoomanypotentiallyattractiveoptions,it'shardtofocusyourenergyonanimportanttask.__1__Thefirststepthatyoucantakeistoidentifywhattaskneedsthemostfocustogetaccomplished.Onceyouhavethatfiguredout,simplybreakdownthetaskintosmallerbite-sizedtasks.__2__Thefirstbite-sizedtaskthatyoucanaccomplishistooutlinethegrantproposal(撥款提議)andsplititintodifferentsections.Thiswillensurethatyoucovereverythingthatisneeded,andallowsyoutofocusoneachsectiononeatatime.__3__Besidesfocusingonyourgrantproposal,whatareallthepossiblethingsthatyoucouldbedoingthatwoulddivert(使分心)yourattentionaway?Berealisticaboutwhattheyare!Writethemalldown,andlistthebenefitsandthecostsassociated.Onceyouhaveyourlistcompleted,startprioritizingthem.Youhaveatimelimit,soyouneedtoorderyourtasksbypriority,startingwiththefocustaskasyourtoppriority.__4__Foranyremainingtaskonthelistthatwon'tfitwithinyourallocatedtime,don'tworry.__5__Justschedulethemforanothertime.A．Thenfittheothersaroundit.B．Youdon'thavetogivethemup.C．Finallyyoucangeteverythingcompleted.D．Thenextstepwouldbetoevaluateyourotheroptions.E．Thegoodnewsisthatit'snotsodifficulttoovercomethis.F．Butverysuccessfulpeoplesaynotoalmosteverythingunimportant.G．Let'ssayyouhaveagrantproposaltowriteforanupcomingprojectatwork.Ⅲ.語法填空[2024·山東新高考第一次模擬]Thegiantpanda,also1.________(know)asthepandabearorsimplythepanda,isabearnativetoSouthCentralChina.Inthepastmanyyears,thegiantpanda2.________(drive)outofthelowlandareaswhereitoncelivedasaresultoffarming,deforestationandother3.________(develop).Wildpopulationestimatesvary:oneestimateshowsthatthereareabout1,590individuals4.________(live)inthewild,whilea2006studyestimatedthatthisfigurecouldbeashighas2,000to3,000.Somereportsalsoshowthat5.________numberofgiantpandasinthewildis6.________therise.TheWestfirstlearnedofthegiantpandaonMarch11,1869,7.________ArmandDavidreceivedapandaskinfromahunter.In1936,RuthHarknessbecamethefirstwesterner8.________(bring)alivegiantpandanamedSuLintotheBrookfieldZooinChicago.Toprotectthepandas,in2012,EarthwatchInstitute,aglobalnon-profitinstitutethatteamsvolunteerswithscientiststoconductimportant9.______(science)research,launchedaprogramcalled“OntheTrailofGiantPanda”.Thisprogram,basedintheWolongNationalNatureReserve,allowsvolunteerstoworkwithpandascaredforincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)),andhelpthem10.________(gradual)adapttolifeinthewild.課時作業(yè)(十四)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學(xué)與技術(shù)——“移居火星”展覽【語篇解讀】文章介紹了一個名為“移居火星”的展覽的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，此展覽主要展示了有關(guān)火星任務(wù)及移民設(shè)計方面的狀況。1．答案與解析：D考查主旨大意。文章第一段是文章的總述部分，其次至第五段具體介紹了展覽的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合尾段作者的觀點可知，本文主要是關(guān)于“移居火星”展覽真正告知我們的信息。故選D。2．答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段中的“‘What'sdifferentaboutMarsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttrynottodie’”可知，在火星上人類除了努力地活著之外，在那里什么也做不了。由此可推知，在火星上生活是不切實際的。故選A。3．答案與解析：A考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第五段第一句“ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet”可知，這個展覽的主要部分是我們目前關(guān)于這顆紅色星球的支配。故選A。4．答案與解析：B考查推理推斷。通讀第六段可知，該段表述作者對這個展覽的看法。故選B。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學(xué)與技術(shù)——機(jī)器人科學(xué)記者【語篇解讀】《中國科學(xué)報》周四宣布，由報社和北京高校的探討人員共同研發(fā)的機(jī)器人科學(xué)記者“小科”已運用軟件自動生成了科學(xué)類新聞報道。5．答案與解析：D考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段中的“ithasusedsoftwaretoautomaticallygeneratenewsstories...leadingsciencejournals”可知，小科運用軟件自動生成有關(guān)世界一流科學(xué)期刊最新發(fā)覺的新聞報道，D選項“它生成科學(xué)類新聞報道”與之相符。本題易誤選A項。依據(jù)第一段中的“Therobotsciencereporter”和第四段中的“thecontentgenerationtoolcoulddofarmorethantranslation”可知，小科是機(jī)器人科學(xué)記者，且它的作用不只限于翻譯，故解除A項。B項和C項文中均未提及，故解除。6．答案與解析：C考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，在發(fā)布之前，自動生成的文章將經(jīng)過批閱過程，一組科學(xué)家和報社編輯將檢查它的內(nèi)容或給出補充信息，C選項“檢查內(nèi)容并增加信息”與之相吻合。7．答案與解析：A依據(jù)第四段中的“LeadresearcherWanXiaojun...thecontentgenerationtoolcoulddofarmorethantranslation”和第五段中的“Thereadersoftherobotreporterarenotlimitedtoprofessionalsandtheyalsoincludethegeneralpublic”可知，機(jī)器人記者可以做的遠(yuǎn)不止翻譯，它的讀者并不局限于專業(yè)人士，它的讀者也包括公眾，由此可推知，這款機(jī)器人有良好的發(fā)展前景，它的獨創(chuàng)者對它持主動樂觀的看法。8．答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。本文介紹了一款能運用軟件自動生成科學(xué)類新聞報道的機(jī)器人科學(xué)記者，所以A選項“科學(xué)新聞的機(jī)器人記者”正確。Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自我——生活技能——選擇過多時如何合理支配【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了選擇過多時應(yīng)如何合理支配——首先，確定哪些任務(wù)最須要你集中留意力完成；其次，評估其他選項。假如還有未完成任務(wù)，可以另找時間完成。1．答案與解析：E考查上下文連接?？涨耙痪渲v到了當(dāng)生活中有太多潛在的迷人的選擇時，人們很難把精力集中在一項重要的任務(wù)上，而下文中則講到了如何合理支配，因此空處應(yīng)當(dāng)形成轉(zhuǎn)折，告知讀者大可不必?fù)?dān)憂，故E項符合語境。2．答案與解析：G考查上下文連接。結(jié)合中心句可知，本段主要講到了確定哪個任務(wù)須要你集中最多的留意力完成，下文則講到了第一步先概述撥款提議，因此此處是舉例，空處應(yīng)是表述與撥款提議有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所以G項符合語境。3．答案與解析：D考查段落主旨句。本段主要講了給其他可能轉(zhuǎn)移你留意力的事情劃分優(yōu)先依次再組織支配，所以D項適合作本段的主旨句。此外，D項中的“Thenextstep”與上一段開頭“Thefirststep”相呼應(yīng)。4．答案與解析：C考查總結(jié)句。空前幾句講到了確定分散留意力的事情、明確它們的輕重緩急再組織支配，因此空處講到的應(yīng)當(dāng)是這樣做的結(jié)果，即這樣做的話全部任務(wù)都可以完成，故C項符合語境。5．答案與解析：B考查上下文連接。空前一句講到了對于在安排的時間內(nèi)不適合的任何剩余任務(wù)，不要擔(dān)憂，空后一句則講到了為這些任務(wù)支配另外的時間，所以空處講到的應(yīng)當(dāng)是不必放棄這些任務(wù)，故B項符合語境。Ⅲ.語法填空語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自然——人與動物——大熊貓【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了近年來野生大熊貓的數(shù)量和西方人第一次聽說及引進(jìn)大熊貓的有關(guān)狀況。非營利組織EarthwatchInstitute開展了一項名為“追蹤大熊貓”的項目，旨在愛護(hù)大熊貓。1．答案與解析：kn