第04輯一輪閱讀 專題01 閱讀理解難點分類突破（段落大意題+文章大意題+態(tài)度推斷題）（教師版） 2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）

2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）第04輯一輪閱讀專題01閱讀理解難點分類突破（段落大意題+文章大意題+態(tài)度推斷題）解析版目錄段落大意題1+3篇P1【名師點津】P1【高考真題】P2【名校模擬】P4文章大意題1+3篇P8【名師點津】P9【高考真題】P10【名校模擬】P11態(tài)度推斷題1+3篇P16【名師點津】P16【高考真題】P16【名校模擬】P17段落大意題1+3篇【名師點津】一、段落大意題干擾項特征1.過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所概括的內(nèi)容超出原文的范圍。2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容或個別詞語做出選項內(nèi)容。3.移花接木，偷換概念。選項中定語和狀語影響語意范圍，或者把屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上。4.主觀臆測，無中生有。選項中關(guān)鍵詞也在文中提及，但選項的實際含義與文章主題無關(guān)。二、段落大意題兩大抓手1.尋找段落主題句解答段落大意題的關(guān)鍵是抓住段落的主題句。一般而言，每個段落總有一個中心，通常中心思想會在首句或尾句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句?？傮w來說，采用歸納法的段落，細(xì)節(jié)表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾；采用演繹法的段落，先提出觀點，后舉例子，由一般到特殊，主題句出現(xiàn)在段首，這種現(xiàn)象較多出現(xiàn)在說明文和議論文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時，作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，考生要學(xué)會根據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容概括出主題句。2.確定段落關(guān)鍵詞段落中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞匯一般就是段落關(guān)鍵詞，往往需要出現(xiàn)在正確選項中。三、段落大意題思維導(dǎo)圖【高考真題】(2024新課標(biāo)I卷第26題)“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine–combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He’sodd. B.He’sstrict. C.He’sbrave. D.He’srude.25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity.B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient.D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber’spoint. B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians. D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫(yī)威廉·法伯(WilliamFarber)博士在從針灸中受益后，將綜合醫(yī)療應(yīng)用于動物，并取得了初步成效。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.(如果他看起來有點自衛(wèi)，那可能是因為他的一些同事偶爾會嘲笑他不尋常的方法。)”可知，F(xiàn)arber的同事們有時會嘲笑他不尋常的方法，他們認(rèn)為他很奇怪。故選A。25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.(然后，他嘗試了針灸，這是一種古老的中國療法，并驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過兩三次治療，他的病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)。對獸醫(yī)有效的方法似乎對他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了這些技術(shù)幾年后，他開始把它們提供給寵物。)”可知，F(xiàn)arber作為患者從針灸中受益，這促使他決定嘗試在寵物上使用針灸。故選C。26.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.(利·廷代爾的狗查理患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。廷代爾說，查理心臟病發(fā)作后，她準(zhǔn)備讓他進入睡眠狀態(tài)，但法伯的治療大大減輕了她的狗的痛苦，她能夠讓它多活五個月。普里西拉·杜因(PriscillaDewing)報告說，她的馬納皮(Nappy)經(jīng)過脊椎按摩調(diào)整后，“行動更容易，乘車更舒服”。)”可知，本段主要講述了兩個例子，一個是Farber通過整體醫(yī)學(xué)方法幫助了患有嚴(yán)重心臟病的狗Charlie，另一個是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動和騎行更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說明整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性。故選D。27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.(法伯確信，隨著時間的推移，綜合療法會越來越受歡迎，如果過去有任何跡象的話，他可能是對的:自1982年以來，美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會的會員已經(jīng)從30個增加到700多個。)”可知，法伯認(rèn)為綜合療法會越來越受歡迎，隨后作者列舉了美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會的會員已經(jīng)從30個增加到700多個的例子，因此推斷美國整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會是為證明法伯的觀點。故選A。【名校模擬】（23-24高三下·陜西渭南·開學(xué)考試）Beforetheyearhasevencometoaclose,climateexpertsarecertainthat2023willbethehottestyearinrecordedhistory.OnDec.6,theCopernicusClimateChangeService(C3S)—partoftheEuropeanUnion’sspaceprogram—revealedthatthisyear’saverageglobaltemperatureshavebeen2.6F(1.46C)higherthantemperaturesinpreindustrialtimesand0.2F(0.13C)higherthanJanuarytoNovemberin2016.These“extraordinary”temperaturesmeanthat2023willbe“thewarmestyearinrecordedhistory,”C3SdeputydirectorSamanthaBurgesssaidinastatement.Theresearchersnotethatthisyear’srecordheatwaspartlycausedbythelatestElNinoevent—aphenomenonwherewarmerwaterneartheequatortriggerswarmerglobalairtemperatures—thatbeganinJune.SomeotherexpertshavesuggestedthattheJanuary2022eruptionofTonga’sunderwatervolcano,whichpumpedrecordlevelsofwatervaporintotheatmosphere,mayalsobepartlyresponsible.Despitethesefactors,themajorcauseofclimbingtemperaturesisglobalwarmingcausedbyrunawaygreenhousegasemissions,which,notedinaC3Sstatement,havetrappedmorethan25billionatomicbombs’worthofenergyinouratmosphereoverthelast50years.Andstillworse,theglobalcarbonemissionshavereachedanewhighthisyear,accordingtoscientistsattheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceoftheParties(COP28)OnDec4.Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarebecomingmoreobvious.In2023,researchrevealedthatclimatechangeiscausingmajorUScitiestosinkandmorethanhalfoftheworld’slargestlakesandreservoirstoshrink.StudiesalsopredictedthattheGulfStream,whichplaysavitalroleinoceancirculation,couldcollapsebyasearlyas2025,andthatrisingsealevelscouldswamptheUScoastlineby2050.However,scientistssaythatwestillhavetimetopreventfurtherdisaster.LeadingclimatechangeexpertMichaelMann,fromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,recentlywrotethat“wecanstillstoptheworsteffectsofclimatechange”ifwestopemittinggreenhousegasesassoonaspossible.1.Whichisthemainfactorincausingthewarmestweatherin2023?A.Eruptionofanunderwatervolcano. B.Greenhousegasemissions.C.CollapseoftheGulfStream. D.ThelatestElNinoevent.2.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Scientists’predictionsofthetechnology. B.ThethreatofrisingsealevelstotheU.S.C.Theeffectsofclimatechange. D.Differentopinionsonglobalwarming.3.HowdoesMichaelMannfeelaboutthepresentsituation?A.Confused. B.Worried. C.Pessimistic. D.Hopeful.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emitting”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Release. B.Prevent. C.Reduce. D.Seek.【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要了關(guān)于氣候變化和全球變暖的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Despitethesefactors,themajorcauseofclimbingtemperaturesisglobalwarmingcausedbyrunawaygreenhousegasemissions(盡管有這些因素，但氣溫攀升的主要原因是失控的溫室氣體排放導(dǎo)致的全球變暖)”可知，造成2023年天氣最熱的主要因素是溫室氣體排放，故選B項。2.主旨大意題。通讀全段，并結(jié)合主旨句“Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarebecomingmoreobvious.(全球變暖的影響越來越明顯。)”可知，本段主要講的是氣候變化的影響，故選C項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,scientistssaythatwestillhavetimetopreventfurtherdisaster.LeadingclimatechangeexpertMichaelMann,fromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,recentlywrotethat“wecanstillstoptheworsteffectsofclimatechange”ifwestopemittinggreenhousegasesassoonaspossible(然而，科學(xué)家們表示，我們?nèi)杂袝r間防止進一步的災(zāi)難。賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的首席氣候變化專家邁克爾?曼最近寫道，如果我們盡快停止emitting溫室氣體，“我們?nèi)匀豢梢宰柚箽夂蜃兓淖顗挠绊憽?”可推理出，邁克爾?曼認(rèn)為目前的情況充滿希望，故選D項。4.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“wecanstillstoptheworsteffectsofclimatechange(我們?nèi)匀豢梢宰柚箽夂蜃兓淖顗挠绊?”可知，應(yīng)是停止排放溫室氣體，我們才可能阻止氣候變化的最壞影響，所以推知emitting意為“排放”，和A項意思相近。故選A項。（2024·安徽合肥·三模）InaneighborhoodintheeastofParis,ifyouwalkoutofyourfrontdoor,youcanarriveatakindergarteninoneminuteandabookstoreinthreeminutes.Abakery?It’sacrossthestreet.Actually,allkeythingsindailylife—work,food,schoolsandentertainment—arewithina15-minutewalk.Thisneighborhoodwasbuiltinthiswaymorethan150yearsagoandthisoldideaofhavingallimportantthingsclosebyhasnowevolvedintoanurbanplanningmodelthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheworld.“A15-minutecitynotonlyimprovesqualityoflife,butcanalsoreducegreenhousegases.Transportationaccountsforabout20%ofglobalenergy-relatedCO?pollution,withcarsmakingupalmost10%,”saysCarlosMoreno,aprofessoratUniversityofParis,whohasbeenhelpingthecityputthisideatouse.“Parisshouldintegratethe15-minutecityaspartofabroaderstrategytogetclosertonetzerogoals.”Besidesreducinggreenhousegases,therearelotsof“co-benefits”forpeoplewholivein15-minutecities.Facilitiesthatprioritizewalkingandbikingmeanlessnoisefromcarsandmoresafetyforthepeople,Lessairpollutionfromcarsanddailyroutineswithmorewalkingandbikingpromotehealth.Redesigningcitieswherehomesaremixedinwithbusinessescandrivemore.foottraffictothosebusinesses.Butonechallengetobuilding15-minutecitiesacrossFranceisfinancial.Manybanksarestillunwillingtoprovideloansformixed-usedevelopments,becausetheyarestillarelativelyuncommonwaytobuildcommunities.Otherbarriershavetodowithparkinginamoreheavilypopulatedarea.Thebiggestobstacleinvolvespublicschools.Whencoupleshavekids,theyoftenleavecitiesforsuburbs,whichtheythinkhavebetterschools.“Ifwewantregionalsustainability,wehavetolooktotheseurbanplaces,”Makarewiczsays.“Butifwewanttosuccessfullyintroducea15-minutecityapproachtoanarea,weshouldfocusonthewaypeoplewanttolive.”5.Whatisafeatureoftheso-called15-minutecity?A.Betterschoolsarebuiltinthesuburbs. B.Peoplearerequiredtowalkorridebikes.C.Allimportantdailythingsarecloseby. D.Greenhousegasesarereducedtonetzero.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thedifficultiesofredesigning. B.Thebenefitsofa15-minutecity.C.Theharmsoflivinginbigcities. D.Thecoststobuild15-minutecities.7.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“obstacle”underlinedinparagraph5?A.Failure. B.Plan. C.Change. D.Problem.8.WhatisthekeytoputtingCarlosMoreno’ideaintousesuccessfully?A.Urbanresidents’acceptance. B.Theavailableurbanspace.C.People'swillingnesstolendmoney. D.Thegovernmentalsupport.【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了建立15分鐘城市生活圈的優(yōu)點及可能遇到的挑戰(zhàn)。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Actually,allkeythingsindailylife—work,food,schoolsandentertainment—arewithina15-minutewalk.(事實上，日常生活中的所有關(guān)鍵事情——工作、食物、學(xué)校和娛樂——都在15分鐘的步行路程內(nèi))”可知，這種城市生活圈的特征是：將日常生活所必要的設(shè)施都規(guī)劃在一起。故選C。6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段的主旨句“Besidesreducinggreenhousegases,therearelotsof“co-benefits”forpeoplewholivein15-minutecities.(除了減少溫室氣體，生活在15分鐘城市的人們還有很多“共同利益”)”可知，本段主要介紹了15分鐘城市帶來的好處。故選B。7.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前“Butonechallengetobuilding15-minutecitiesacrossFranceisfinancial.Manybanksarestillunwillingtoprovideloansformixed-usedevelopments,becausetheyarestillarelativelyuncommonwaytobuildcommunities.Otherbarriershavetodowithparkinginamoreheavilypopulatedarea.(但在法國各地建設(shè)15分鐘城市的一個挑戰(zhàn)是財政問題。許多銀行仍然不愿意為混合用途開發(fā)項目提供貸款，因為它們?nèi)匀皇且环N相對不常見的社區(qū)建設(shè)方式。其他障礙與在人口稠密地區(qū)停車有關(guān))”及下文“Whencoupleshavekids,theyoftenleavecitiesforsuburbs,whichtheythinkhavebetterschools.(當(dāng)夫妻有了孩子后，他們通常會離開城市去郊區(qū)，因為他們認(rèn)為那里的學(xué)校更好)”可知，在法國各地建設(shè)15分鐘城市的挑戰(zhàn)有財政問題，包括銀行不愿意提供貸款，人口稠密地區(qū)無法停車。其中最大的障礙包括公共學(xué)校。所以換線單詞指的也是規(guī)劃及建設(shè)15分鐘城市生活圈時會遇到的挑戰(zhàn)，意為“問題，障礙”。故選D。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butifwewanttosuccessfullyintroducea15-minutecityapproachtoanarea,weshouldfocusonthewaypeoplewanttolive.(但如果我們想成功地將15分鐘的城市方式引入一個地區(qū)，我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注人們想要的生活方式)”可知，想要成功地將15分鐘的城市方式引入一個地區(qū)，必須符合人們想要的生活方式，也就是說城市居民的是否能夠接受。故選A。（2024·山西太原·二模）Oneofthemostpopulartherapists(治療師)inUniversityofRochester(UR)smellslikechips,peesoutside,anddoesn’tmindeatingbabycarrotsofftheground.Sasha,afive-year-oldgoldendog,runsherpracticeoutofasecond-flourofficeintheInterfaithChapelthatsheshareswithherowner-Dr.DeniseYarbrough.Duringtheirofficehours,whichrunfrom11a.m.to5p.m,onMondaysandFridays,themessypuppyislikelytogreetyouwithtailwags,happy“woof”,andevenhertwofrontpawslifting.It’sthispatentedcharmthatallowsSashatomeettheneedsofacrowdofstudentswhodropintoseeUR’sfirstandmostaccessibletherapydoginresidence.ButthepathtoherpuppyPh.Dstillcalledforthreeroundsoftraining.Firstwasatwo-weekresidentialcampontheessentials—sit,stay,come,heel,ete.Therehernaturalfondnessfor“peoplepleasing”revealeditselfonherveryfirstday!Thattrainingwasfollowedbytheeight-weekCanineGoodCitizenprogram,whereshelearnedhowtostaycalmincrowds,toresistreactingtootherdogs,andtobecomfortablewithYarbroughleavingherside.Afive-weektherapydogspecificcoursewasthelaststepinherjourney.Thereshestudiedapproachingpeoplewithmobilityaidslikewheelchairs,toleratingloudnoises,andtheimportanceofthe“l(fā)eaveit!”command,amongotherthings.Sashapassedthetherapydogexamsatninemonthsoldbutcouldn’tgetcertificateduntilshewasoneyearold.Thepandemicpostponedheron-campusarrival,butYarbroughdideventuallygettobringhertowork,andstudentsconsequentlyfellinlove,“Ihavethisconstantstreamofstudents,andobviouslythisismeetinganeed.”Yarbroughsaid.“Thisisthethirdyearwe’redoingthis,andshedoesgetaprettysteadystreamoffriendscominginonthedaysthatshe’shere.”Sincethen,Sasha’sroleinthecommunityhasballooned.9.WhatdoweknowaboutSashafromthefirstparagraph?A.Sheworkssixhourseveryday.B.ShegoestotheofficeasDr.Yarbrough’spet.C.Sheattractsstudentswithimproperbehaviour.D.Sheworksbyactivelyinteractingwithstudents.10.WhatinbornnaturedidSashashowinthetraining?A.Theresistingreaction.B.Abilitytoaidthedisabled.C.Fondnessforpeoplepleasing.D.Obeyingthecommandsprecisely.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThepopularityofSasha.B.TheexpectationofYarbrough.C.ThehardshipofSasha’swork.D.Thefeedbackofthecommunity.12.Whatisthewritingpurposeofthistext?A.Topresentpuppytrainingstrategies.B.Tointroduceaspecialcampustherapist.C.Tolaunchanappealforanimalconservation.D.Tohighlightthesignificanceofpets’company.【答案】9.D10.C11.A12.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述了羅切斯特大學(xué)小狗治療犬薩沙成長的故事。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringtheirofficehours,whichrunfrom11a.m.to5p.m,onMondaysandFridays,themessypuppyislikelytogreetyouwithtailwags,happy“woof”,andevenhertwofrontpawslifting.It’sthispatentedcharmthatallowsSashatomeettheneedsofacrowdofstudentswhodropintoseeUR’sfirstandmostaccessibletherapydoginresidence.(在他們周一和周五從早上11點到下午5點的辦公時間里，這只邋遢的小狗可能會搖尾巴，開心地“汪汪”地叫，甚至抬起兩只前爪來迎接你。正是這種有專利權(quán)的魅力，讓薩沙滿足了一群學(xué)生的需求，他們來這里看羅切斯特大學(xué)的第一只也是最容易接近的治療犬。)”可知，薩沙是通過積極與學(xué)生互動來工作的。故選D項。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Therehernaturalfondnessfor“peoplepleasing”revealeditselfonherveryfirstday!(在那里，她天生就喜歡“取悅別人”的特質(zhì)第一天就顯露出來了！)”可知，薩沙在訓(xùn)練中展現(xiàn)出了天生喜歡取悅?cè)说奶刭|(zhì)，故選C項。11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““Thisisthethirdyearwe’redoingthis,andshedoesgetaprettysteadystreamoffriendscominginonthedaysthatshe’shere.”Sincethen,Sasha’sroleinthecommunityhasballooned.(“這是我們第三年這樣做了，她在這里的日子里確實有相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的朋友流?！睆哪且院?，薩沙在社區(qū)中的角色越來越重要。)”以及最后一段的其他內(nèi)容可知這一段主要講述了莎莎的受歡迎程度。故選A項。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“OneofthemostpopulartherapistsinUniversityofRochester(UR)smellslikechips,peesoutside,anddoesn’tmindeatingbabycarrotsofftheground.(羅切斯特大學(xué)最受歡迎的治療師之一聞起來像薯條，在外面撒尿，而且不介意吃掉在地上的小胡蘿卜)”以及第二段“ButthepathtoherpuppyPh.Dstillcalledforthreeroundsoftraining.(但是她成為小狗博士的路徑仍然需要三輪訓(xùn)練。)”以及文章最后一句“Sincethen,Sasha’sroleinthecommunityhasballooned.(從那時起，薩沙在社區(qū)中的角色越來越重要。)”可知文章介紹了羅徹斯特大學(xué)的一位特殊治療師——一只名為薩沙的金毛犬，她通過訓(xùn)練成為了一位治療犬，并深受學(xué)生們的喜愛。因此，文章的寫作目的是介紹這位特殊的校園治療師。故選B項。文章大意題1+3篇【名師點津】一、記敘文主旨大意題1.看首段和尾段，以尾段為主2.借助主題詞或關(guān)鍵詞歸納二、說明文和議論文主旨大意題1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段為主2.借助主題詞或關(guān)鍵詞歸納三、文章大意題錯誤選項典型錯誤一是“以偏概全”：選項范圍太窄，只表達局部信息或某一細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意；二是“概括寬泛”：所表達的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容；三是“無中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。四、文章大意五種題型題型一：利用主題句在段首位置推敲段落大意技巧點撥：說明文和議論文學(xué)會關(guān)注“首段”和“段首”。借鑒“七選五”小標(biāo)題類型特點，段首句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段主旨大意，由此推斷段落大意。題型二：利用主題句在段中位置推敲段落大意技巧點撥：有時主題句出現(xiàn)在段中某句，這就需要考生耐心閱讀揣摩段落各句之間內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，確定主題句位置，進而明確段落主旨大意。題型三：利用主題句在段尾位置推敲段落大意技巧點撥：有時主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾，關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞:in

brief/short,all

in

all,in

conclusion,

inaword等，這些詞后面連接的通常是主題句。題型四：利用段落沒有主題句推敲段落大意技巧點撥：有時候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉，難度更大。題型五：利用“總-分-總”結(jié)構(gòu)推敲語篇主旨大意題技巧點撥：有時候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉，難度更大。五、文章大意題思維導(dǎo)圖【高考真題】(2024新課標(biāo)II卷第31題)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）進一步縮短了從農(nóng)場到餐桌的距離。故選C。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(此外，還有一個便捷的應(yīng)用程序，可以實時提供增長數(shù)據(jù))”可知，這個便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供了植物生長的實時數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，BMF員工具有強烈的環(huán)保意識。故選D。31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通過云連接，對BMF進行遠程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實時提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A?！久ＤM】（23-24高三上·山西晉城·期末）Whilescientistshavemanyideas,thereisnosingleexplanationforwhyhumansyawn.Still,thereisonethingexpertsknowaboutyawns—theyseemtobeinfectious!Haveyouevercaughtayawnfromsomeoneelse?Mostpeoplehave.Accordingtoonepreviousstudy,apersonissixtimesmorelikelytoyawnafterseeingsomeoneelsedoso.Expertshavedonemanystudiesintowhyyawnsseemtopassfrompersontoperson.Asaresult,expertshaveafewtheoriesforthereasonbehindit.Onepossibleexplanationhastodowithsomethingcalledsocialmirroring.Thisiscausedbymirrorneurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元)inthebrain.Thesecellshelpthebrainnoticeusefulbehaviorofothersandthencopyit.Whenonepersonseesanotherpersonyawning,hismirrorneuronsobservetheactionandinterpretitasbeneficialbehavior.Thatmaycausehimtoyawn,too.Anotherpopulartheoryisthatyawnsareinfectiousthankstosocialrelationships.Humansareundoubtedlysocialcreatures.Theyformfriendships,startfamilies,andlivetogetheringroups.That’swhymanypeoplemirrorothers,suchassmilingwhenanotherpersondoesso.Yawningmaybejustanotherexampleofthis.Infact,researchhasshownthatpeoplearemostlikelytocatchacaseoftheyawnsfromanotherpersonifthetwoshareasocialrelationship.Theanswercouldevenbethatyawnsaren’ttrulyinfectiousatall.Instead,peoplemayyawnwhenthey’etogethersimplybecausethey‘reinthesameenvironment.Expertssaymanythingsmaycauseyawning—includingtemperatureandtime.Possiblecausesmaybeexperiencedbyanyoneinthesamegeneralarea.Whatevertheexplanationis,expertsdoknowthatinfectiousyawnsaren’tlimitedtohumans.OnestudyfoundthatlionsinSouthAfricaalsocaughteachother’syawns.1.Whatkindofbehaviormaybecopiedbythemirrorneurons?A.Unimportantbutattractive. B.Usefulandbeneficial.C.Hardtounderstand. D.Easytocopy.2.Whoseyawnsarepeoplemostlikelytocopyaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Theoneswhoyawnalot. B.Theoneswhoarefriendlytothem.C.Theonescloselyconnectedwiththem. D.Theonessharingthesameinterestwiththem.3.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Sometipsonyawninginpublic. B.Arealexplanationforinfectiousyawning.C.Otherexamplesofanimalsyawningtogether. D.Furtherstudiesofinfectiousyawninginhumans.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyyawnsareinfectious. B.Whatcausespeopletoyawn.C.Whoyawnsmorethanothers. D.Whetheryawnsareinfectious.【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些關(guān)于打哈欠會傳染的理論。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Onepossibleexplanationhastodowithsomethingcalledsocialmirroring.Thisiscausedbymirrorneurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元)inthebrain.Thesecellshelpthebrainnoticeusefulbehaviorofothersandthencopyit.Whenonepersonseesanotherpersonyawning,hismirrorneuronsobservetheactionandinterpretitasbeneficialbehavior.Thatmaycausehimtoyawn,too.(一種可能的解釋與所謂的社交鏡像有關(guān)。這是由大腦中的鏡像神經(jīng)元引起的。這些細(xì)胞幫助大腦注意到他人的有用行為，然后復(fù)制它。當(dāng)一個人看到另一個人打哈欠時，他的鏡像神經(jīng)元會觀察到這個動作，并將其解釋為有益的行為。這也可能導(dǎo)致他打哈欠。)”可知，鏡像神經(jīng)元可以復(fù)制有用和有益的行為。故選B項。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Infact,researchhasshownthatpeoplearemostlikelytocatchacaseoftheyawnsfromanotherpersonifthetwoshareasocialrelationship.(事實上，研究表明，如果一個人和另一個人有著共同的社會關(guān)系，那么他們最有可能被對方打哈欠)”可知，人們最容易被那些與他們關(guān)系密切的人的哈欠傳染。故選C項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Expertssaymanythingsmaycauseyawning—includingtemperatureandtime.Possiblecausesmaybeexperiencedbyanyoneinthesamegeneralarea.Whatevertheexplanationis,expertsdoknowthatinfectiousyawnsaren’tlimitedtohumans.OnestudyfoundthatlionsinSouthAfricaalsocaughteachother’syawns.(專家表示，許多因素可能會導(dǎo)致打哈欠，包括溫度和時間。同一地區(qū)的任何人都可能經(jīng)歷可能的原因。無論解釋是什么，專家們都知道傳染性哈欠并不局限于人類。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，南非的獅子也會互相打哈欠。)”可推知，在接下來的段落中，作者可能會繼續(xù)談?wù)撈渌鼊游镆黄鸫蚬返睦印９蔬xC項。4.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文及文章第一段“Whilescientistshavemanyideas,thereisnosingleexplanationforwhyhumansyawn.Still,thereisonethingexpertsknowaboutyawns—theyseemtobeinfectious!(雖然科學(xué)家們有很