第03輯開學(xué)考試 專題08 閱讀理解說明文+議論文80題 （教師版） 2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）

2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）第03輯（開學(xué)考試專輯）專題08閱讀理解說明文+議論文80題解析版目錄（24-25高三上·安徽·開學(xué)考試）UtahbusinessownerEdWertzwaslookingforawaytostayactiveafterhisgymclosedearlyinthepandemic.Hiswifesuggestedtheytrypickleballforadatenightoneevening.“We’veplayedtwotothreetimesaweekeversince,”the7l-year-oldsays.Thecouplejoinsmorethan36millionAmericansplayingwhathasbecomethefastest-growingsportintheUnitedStatesforthreeconsecutive(連續(xù)的)years.“Inarelativelyshorttime,pickleballhasalreadyreachedthelevelsofrunning,basketballandgolfinpopularityandthewideagerangeofpeoplenowplayingindicatesitsgrowthwilllikelycontinue,”saysJimEdwards,aphysicaltherapistandrehabilitation(康復(fù))manageratClevelandClinicRehabilitation&.SportsTherapyinOhio.OriginatingintheUnitedStatesin1965,pickleballisaracquet(球拍)sportthatcombineselementsoftennis,badminton,andpingpong.Playedeitheroneononeortwoontwoona20×44-footcourt,playersuseasolidpaddletohitahollow,perforated(穿孔的)plasticballbackandforthoveranet.Asfunasparticipantssaypickleballistoplay,thesport’sprimarybenefitmaybethatit’sgoodforthebodyandmind.“Pickleballtrulyisawhole-bodyworkoutthatimprovescardiovascularhealth,assistswithweightloss,andcanhelpwithbalance,coordination,andflexibility,”saysMatthewAnastasi,aphysicianandsportsmedicinespecialistatMayoClinic.“Italsoprovidesagreatopportunityforsocializationandcanreducestressandprovidementalhealthbenefits.”Thesportwasoncethoughtofasaleisurelybackyardactivityforseniorsandretirees,butdatashowstheaverageageofparticipantsisnow35—withyoungerandyoungerplayersjoiningeveryyear.“Wenowhavepeopleofallagesengaginginit,includingcelebritieslikeTaylorSwift,GeorgeClooney,LeonardoDiCaprio,andBillieEilish,”saysEmilyHemendinger,apsychiatristandoutpatientclinicaldirectorattheUniversityofColoradoAnschutzMedicalCampus.EvenstarathleteslikePatrickMahomes,SerenaWilliams,LeBronJames,andTomBradyhavepubliclyshowntheirloveofthesport.1．Whichsportshaspickleballmatchedintermsofpopularity?A．Footballandbasketball. B．Baseballandsoccer.C．Running,basketballandgolf. D．Swimmingandtrackandfield.2．Whatcanbeinferredaboutpickleballfromthetext?A．Itisprimarilyplayedinbackyards.B．Onlyelderlypeopleenjoyplayingit.C．Itrequiresexpensiveequipmenttoplay.D．Ithasbecomemoreandmorepopularamongyoungerpeople.3．Whatmightbetheattitudeofthecelebritiesmentionedtowardspickleball?A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Indifferent. D．Tolerant.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EdWertz:PickleballPioneerat71B．Pickleball:TheNewNationalPastimeC．Pickleball:Americn’sFastest-GrowingSportD．SportingTrends:PickleballSweepsAcrossAmerica【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹美國增長最快的運(yùn)動——匹克球。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Inarelativelyshorttime,pickleballhasalreadyreachedthelevelsofrunning,basketballandgolfinpopularity-andthewideagerangeofpeoplenowplayingindicatesitsgrowthwilllikelycontinue,(在相對較短的時間內(nèi)，匹克球已經(jīng)達(dá)到了跑步、籃球和高爾夫的受歡迎程度，現(xiàn)在打球的人年齡范圍很廣，這表明它的增長可能會繼續(xù)。)”可知，匹克球的受歡迎程度和跑步、籃球和高爾夫差不多。故選C項。2．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Thesportwasoncethoughtofasaleisurelybackyardactivityforseniorsandretirees,butdatashowstheaverageageofparticipantsisnow35—withyoungerandyoungerplayersjoiningeveryyear.(這項運(yùn)動曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是老年人和退休人員的悠閑后院活動，但數(shù)據(jù)顯示，參與者的平均年齡現(xiàn)在是35歲，每年都有越來越年輕的球員加入。)”可知，匹克球在年輕人中越來越受歡迎。故選D項。3．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“EvenstarathleteslikePatrickMahomes,SerenaWilliams,LeBronJames,andTomBradyhavepubliclyshowntheirloveofthesport.(就連PatrickMahomes、SerenaWilliams、LeBronJames和TomBrady等明星運(yùn)動員也公開表示了他們對這項運(yùn)動的熱愛。)”以及上文明星所陳述的內(nèi)容可知，文章提及的明星們對該運(yùn)動是持積極態(tài)度的。故選A項。4．主旨大意題。由文章第二段“Thecouplejoinsmorethan36millionAmericansplayingwhathasbecomethefastest-growingsportintheUnitedStatesforthreeconsecutive(連續(xù)的)years.(這對夫婦與3600多萬美國人一起參加了連續(xù)三年成為美國增長最快的運(yùn)動。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介紹美國增長最快的運(yùn)動——匹克球。所以C項Pickleball:Americn’sFastest-GrowingSport(匹克球：美國發(fā)展最快的運(yùn)動)符合語境。故選C項。（24-25高三上·廣東深圳·開學(xué)考試）Whetherplayingtricksorholdingfuneralsinthewild,crowshavesurprisedthepublicwiththeirunexpectedcapabilities.Buttheir“intelligence”knowsnobounds.AnewstudypublishedinCurrentBiologyrevealedforthefirsttimethatcrowscanusestatisticallogictosolveproblems.Crowshavealargebrainfortheirsizeandaparticularlynoticeableforebrain,associatedwithstatisticalandanalyticalreasoninginhumans.“Inourlab,crowshaveshowncomplicatednumericalcompetenceandcarefulconsiderationduringdecision-making,”saidDr.MelissaJohnston,afellowattheUniversityofTübingen.Inherrecentwork,Johnstonandherteampushedtheseabilitiestoanewextreme,testingstatisticalreasoning.Intheexperiment,twocrowswerefirsttrainedtopeck(啄)atvariousimagesontouchscreenstoearnfoodtreats;andgraduallytheyhadtochoosebetweentwooftheseimages,eachcorrespondingtoadifferentrewardprobability.“Crowsweretaskedwithlearningratherabstractquantitiesandthenapplyingthatcombinationofinformationinarewardmaximizingway,”Johnstondetailed.Over10daysoftrainingand5,000trials,thetwocrowsmanagedtopickthehigherprobabilityofreward,showingtheirabilitytousestatisticalinference.Toresearchers’muchsurprise,evenafteramonthwithouttraining,thecrowsstillperformwelleverytime.Statisticalreasoninginvolvesusinglimitedinformationaboutasituationtodrawconclusionsandmakedecisions.Peopleunknowinglyusesuchcognitiveabilityeveryday.Whenweselectcafesforsocialmeetups,ourbrainsautomaticallyweighcollectedstatisticsfrompastobservationsandfavortheonemorecapableofmeetingneeds.Similarly,crowsrememberedandanalyzedtheconnectionsbetweentheimagesandtherewardprobabilitiestomakethemselvesgetthemosttreatspossible.Crowsoncesymbolizedmisfortuneanddeath,causingthemdislikedevenkilledbypeople.Actually,theyareamongthefewanimalstoadapttourbanizationsuccessfullyduetounderestimatedintelligence.“Ithinkthesestudiesdohelpchangepublicviewsandimproveourrelationshipwiththeselovelyanimals,”Johnstonstated.5．Whatmakescrows’intelligencepossible?A．Theirlimitlessabilitiesoftricks.B．Theirsocialleaninginthewild.C．Theirphysicalstructureofbrains.D．Theirtrainingreceivedinthelab.6．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheresearchprocessinparagraph3?A．Instruct,task,andretest.B．Train,perform,andrecord.C．Assume,prove,andreflect.D．Prepare,teach,andexamine.7．Howdoestheauthorexplainstatisticalinferenceinparagraph4?A．Bysharingapersonalexperience.B．Byquotingapreviousstudy.C．Bymakingadetailedcomparison.D．Byusingacommonexample.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．FoodPrizeCompetition:CrowsChoosingRewardsB．UrbanBirdSurvivalStrategies:LivingwithPeopleC．BeyondTricks:SurpriseofCrows’StatisticalReasoningD．AnimalBehaviorStudy:TrainingCrowsinExperiments【答案】5．C6．A7．D8．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了烏鴉的高級智力，特別是它們在實驗中展示的統(tǒng)計推理能力。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Crowshavealargebrainfortheirsizeandaparticularlynoticeableforebrain,associatedwithstatisticalandanalyticalreasoninginhumans.(就其體型而言，烏鴉的大腦很大，前腦特別明顯，與人類的統(tǒng)計和分析推理有關(guān)。)”可知，烏鴉的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是前腦，使得它們具備統(tǒng)計和分析推理的能力。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Intheexperiment,twocrowswerefirsttrainedtopeck(啄)atvariousimagesontouchscreenstoearnfoodtreats;andgraduallytheyhadtochoosebetweentwooftheseimages,eachcorrespondingtoadifferentrewardprobability.“Crowsweretaskedwithlearningratherabstractquantitiesandthenapplyingthatcombinationofinformationinarewardmaximizingway,”Johnstondetailed.Over10daysoftrainingand5,000trials,thetwocrowsmanagedtopickthehigherprobabilityofreward,showingtheirabilitytousestatisticalinference.Toresearchers’muchsurprise,evenafteramonthwithouttraining,thecrowsstillperformwelleverytime.(在實驗中，首先訓(xùn)練兩只烏鴉啄觸摸屏上的各種圖像，以獲得食物；漸漸地，他們不得不在這兩幅圖像中做出選擇，每幅圖像都對應(yīng)著不同的獎勵概率。約翰斯頓詳細(xì)介紹說：“烏鴉的任務(wù)是學(xué)習(xí)相當(dāng)抽象的量，然后以獎勵最大化的方式應(yīng)用這些信息組合?！?。經(jīng)過10天的訓(xùn)練和5000次試驗，兩只烏鴉設(shè)法選擇了更高的獎勵概率，顯示了它們使用統(tǒng)計推斷的能力。令研究人員驚訝的是，即使在一個月沒有訓(xùn)練的情況下，烏鴉每次都表現(xiàn)得很好。)”可推知，在實驗中，研究人員首先指導(dǎo)烏鴉識別觸摸屏上的圖像，然后布置任務(wù)，讓烏鴉在不同的圖像之間做出選擇，然后重新測試，發(fā)現(xiàn)即使一個月沒有訓(xùn)練，烏鴉仍然能夠表現(xiàn)得很好。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“Whenweselectcafesforsocialmeetups,ourbrainsautomaticallyweighcollectedstatisticsfrompastobservationsandfavortheonemorecapableofmeetingneeds.(當(dāng)我們?yōu)樯缃痪蹠x擇咖啡館時，我們的大腦會自動權(quán)衡從過去的觀察中收集到的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，并傾向于更能滿足需求的咖啡館。)”可推知，作者通過一個常見的例子來解釋統(tǒng)計推理。故選D。8．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Whetherplayingtricksorholdingfuneralsinthewild,crowshavesurprisedthepublicwiththeirunexpectedcapabilities.Buttheir“intelligence”knowsnobounds.AnewstudypublishedinCurrentBiologyrevealedforthefirsttimethatcrowscanusestatisticallogictosolveproblems.(無論是惡作劇還是在野外舉行葬禮，烏鴉都以其意想不到的能力讓公眾感到驚訝。但他們的“智慧”是無限的。發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》上的一項新研究首次揭示，烏鴉可以使用統(tǒng)計邏輯來解決問題。)”可知，文章主要介紹了烏鴉不僅能在野外玩把戲，還能通過統(tǒng)計推理解決問題，這超出了人們對它們智力的預(yù)期。故選C。（24-25高三上·廣東深圳·開學(xué)考試）Formanyyearsresearchersfocusedonwhatpeopleknowaboutscience,thinkingthat“Toknowscienceistoloveit.”Butdopeoplewhothinktheyknowscienceactuallyknowscience?AnewstudyledbyCristinaFonsecaoftheGeneticsSociety,LaurenceHurstoftheMilnerCentreforEvolution(進(jìn)化)revealsthatpeoplewithstrongattitudestendtobelievetheyunderstandscience,whileneutrals(中立者)arelesscertain.Absoluteattitudes,bothforandagainst,buildonhighself-confidenceinknowledgeaboutscience.Thestudyperformedasurveyofover2,000UKadults,askingthembothabouttheirattitudestoscienceandtheirbeliefintheirownunderstanding.Questionsfocusedongenetic(基因的)science,forexample,“HowwouldyourateyourunderstandingofwhatthetermDNAmeans?”Allindividualswerescoredfromzero(theyknowtheyhavenounderstanding)toone(theyareconfidentthattheyunderstand).Theresultssuggestthatthoseattheattitudinalextremes—bothstronglysupportiveandfirmlyopposing—haveveryhighself-beliefintheirowncomprehension,whilethoseansweringneutrallydonot.Psychologically,theteamsuggests,thismakessense:toholdastrongopinionyouneedtostronglybelieveinthecorrectnessofyourinterpretationofthebasicfacts.Resultsofpreviousstudiesalsoindicatethatthosemoreacceptingofsciencebothbelievetheyunderstanditandscorewellonthetextbookfact(true/false)questions.Bycontrast,peoplewithstrongnegativeattitudestosciencetendtobeoverconfidentabouttheirlevelofunderstanding.WhetheritbeclimatechangeorGMfoods,importantsciencecaninspirestrongandopposingattitudes.Understandinghowtocommunicatesciencerequiresanawarenessofwhypeoplemayholdsuchdifferentattitudestoit.Whenitwasthoughtthatwhatmatteredmostforscientificliteracywasscientificknowledge,sciencecommunicationfocusedonpassinginformationfromscientiststothepublic.However,thisapproachmaynotbesuccessful,andinsomecasescanhaveadverseeffects.Workingtoaddressthegapbetweenwhatpeopleknowandwhattheybelievetheyknowmaybeabetterstrategy.9．Whatisthenewstudymainlyabout?A．Anassessmentofpeople’sinterestingenetics.B．Asurveyofvariousattitudestowardsevolution.C．Areportofpeople’sgeneralknowledgeofscience.D．Ananalysisoffactorsonpeople’sbeliefinscience.10．Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousstudiesinparagraph3?A．Tosupportthefindingsofthestudy.B．Toclarifytheconceptofconfidence.C．Tostresstheimportanceofbasicfacts.D．Tocomparedifferentresearchmethods.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adverse”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Random.B．Negative.C．Indirect.D．Favorable.12．Asforsciencecommunication,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Itshouldhelppeopleboostconfidence.B．Itshouldfocusonscientificknowledge.C．Itshouldinspirepeopletoscorewellintests.D．Itshouldemphasizeobjectiveawarenessofoneself.【答案】9．D10．A11．B12．D【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，本文圍繞人們對于科學(xué)信仰展開，一項研究表明，態(tài)度強(qiáng)硬的人傾向于認(rèn)為自己了解科學(xué)，而態(tài)度中立的人對此不太確定。絕對的態(tài)度建立在對科學(xué)知識的高度自信之上。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thestudyperformedasurveyofover2,000UKadults,askingthembothabouttheirattitudestoscienceandtheirbeliefintheirownunderstanding.(這項研究對2000多名英國成年人進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，詢問他們對科學(xué)的態(tài)度和對自己理解的信念)”可知，該研究主要以影響人們科學(xué)信仰的因素分析展開。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Psychologically,theteamsuggests,thismakessense:toholdastrongopinionyouneedtostronglybelieveinthecorrectnessofyourinterpretationofthebasicfacts.Resultsofpreviousstudiesalsoindicatethatthosemoreacceptingofsciencebothbelievetheyunderstanditandscorewellonthetextbookfact(true/false)questions.(該團(tuán)隊認(rèn)為，從心理學(xué)上講，這是有道理的：要持有強(qiáng)烈的觀點，你需要堅信自己對基本事實的解釋是正確的。之前的研究結(jié)果也表明，那些更接受科學(xué)的人認(rèn)為他們理解它，并在教科書的事實（正確/錯誤）問題上獲得高分)”可知，作者提及之前的研究是為了支持這項研究的結(jié)果，即，那些態(tài)度極端的人——包括強(qiáng)烈支持和堅決反對——對自己的理解有很高的自信。故選A。11．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“However,thisapproachmaynotbesuccessful(然而，這種方法可能不會成功)”及“andinsomecasescanhave(在一些情況下可能有)”及“effects(影響)”可知，這種方法不會成功，甚至在一些情況下會有更消極的影響，劃線詞adverse和negative意思相近。故選B。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Workingtoaddressthegapbetweenwhatpeopleknowandwhattheybelievetheyknowmaybeabetterstrategy.(努力解決人們知道的和他們認(rèn)為他們知道的之間的差距可能是一個更好的策略)”可知，作者認(rèn)為在科學(xué)傳播上，應(yīng)努力解決人們主觀上和客觀的認(rèn)知差距，即，應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的自我意識。故選D。（24-25高三上·浙江·開學(xué)考試）ManypeoplehavewonderedwhychildrenbelieveinthingslikeSantaClausortheToothFairy,thinkingthatchildren’smindsareeasilyfooled.However,developmentalpsychologyoffersadifferentperspective.AstudypublishedinDevelopmentalPsychologyexploreshowchildrenreacttoideasthatgoagainstwhattheyusuallythinkandiftheychecktheseideasagainstwhattheyexpect.Thiswayofchecking,knownasthe“empiricalstance,”isevidentbythetimechildrenreachelementaryschool.Thestudyinvolvednearly200childrenaged3to8fromChineseschools.Eachchildwaspresentedwithfivedifferently-sizedobjectsmadefrompaintedRussiandolls.Thechildrennaturallyassumedthatthesmallestdollwasthelightestandthelargesttheheaviest.Whenaskedtoidentifytheheaviestobject,mostchildrenchosethelargestone.Anadulttheneitheragreedwiththechildren’schoiceormadeaclaimthatthesmallestdollwastheheaviest.Theresearchersobservedwhetherthechildrenwouldchangetheirmindsortesttheadult’sclaimbycomparingtheweightsofthedolls.Initially,childrenseemedtotrusttheadult’sword,withonlyasmallpercentageinsistingontheiroriginalbelief.However,whengiventheopportunitytoexplorethedolls,elementaryschoolchildrenwhohadreceivedthesurprisingclaimsystematicallytesteditbycomparingthesmallestandlargestdolls.Thisexplorationallowedthemtogenerateevidencethatcouldcontradicttheadult’sclaim.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhilechildrenarewillingtotrustanadult’ssurprisingclaims,theiracceptanceistemporary.Byelementaryschool,theysystematicallytestsuchclaimsbyseekingnewevidence,whichtheythenusetoupdatetheirbeliefs.Thestudy’simplicationsextendbeyondchildhood.Mostadultsacceptcomplexconcepts,suchastheexistenceofelectrons,basedonthetestimony（證詞）ofothersratherthanpersonalexperience.SowhilechildrenmaylearnaboutthemagicofSantaClausfromadults,adultsmightsimilarlyhavesomethingtolearnfromelementaryschoolchildren:mostofuswoulddowelltoadoptanempiricalstancemoreoftenthanwecurrentlydo.13．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Themethodologyofthestudy. B．Theconclusionofthestudy.C．Thesignificanceofthestudy. D．Thetheoreticalbasisofthestudy.14．Whichchild’sresponsematchestheempiricalstance?A．Taylorbelieveswhattheteachersaysnomatterwhat.B．Jordanthinkstheearthisflatbecausehisfathersaysso.C．Emmaassumesthewatermelonissweetandthentastesit.D．Mayasuspectstherearemonsterslivingintreesasthestorysays.15．Whatlessoncouldadultslearnfromchildren?A．Rejectingcomplexconcepts. B．Nevertrustinganyone.C．Learningfromtheirownexperience. D．Countingonothers’testimony.16．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofadult’sroleinchildren’seducationandgrowth.B．Toadvocateforamoreempiricalapproachtobeliefformationacrossallages.C．Toclarifyamisunderstandingaboutelementaryschoolstudents’learningability.D．Topersuadeadultstohelpchildrenridthemselvesofwrongideasabouttheworld.【答案】13．A14．C15．C16．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項研究探討了兒童如何應(yīng)對違背常識的說法。實驗中，孩子們被要求判斷不同大小的玩偶哪個最重。結(jié)果顯示，盡管兒童最初相信成人的說法，但小學(xué)階段的孩子會通過實驗驗證這些說法，從而更新自己的認(rèn)知。這表明兒童在面對新信息時具備經(jīng)驗主義傾向。13．段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Eachchildwaspresentedwithfivedifferently-sizedobjectsmadefrompaintedRussiandolls.”（每個孩子面前都有五個大小不同的用俄羅斯彩繪娃娃制作的物品。）以及“Thechildrennaturallyassumedthatthesmallestdollwasthelightestandthelargesttheheaviest.Whenaskedtoidentifytheheaviestobject,mostchildrenchosethelargestone.Anadulttheneitheragreedwiththechildren’schoiceormadeaclaimthatthesmallestdollwastheheaviest.”（孩子們自然而然地認(rèn)為最小的娃娃最輕，最大的娃娃最重。當(dāng)被要求找出最重的物體時，大多數(shù)孩子都選擇了最大的那個。然后，成人要么同意孩子們的選擇，要么聲稱最小的娃娃是最重的。）可知第三段主要描述了研究的具體方法，包括研究對象、實驗設(shè)計和過程，故選A項。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AstudypublishedinDevelopmentalPsychologyexploreshowchildrenreacttoideasthatgoagainstwhattheyusuallythinkandiftheychecktheseideasagainstwhattheyexpect.”（發(fā)表在《發(fā)展心理學(xué)》上的一項研究探討了兒童對與他們通常想法相反的想法的反應(yīng)，以及他們是否將這些想法與他們的期望進(jìn)行核對。）可知Emma假設(shè)西瓜是甜的，然后品嘗驗證，符合文章主旨，故選C項。15．推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第三段中“Byelementaryschool,theysystematicallytestsuchclaimsbyseekingnewevidence,whichtheythenusetoupdatetheirbeliefs”（到了小學(xué)，他們會通過尋找新的證據(jù)來系統(tǒng)地檢驗這些說法，然后利用這些證據(jù)來更新自己的信念）可知，成年人可以從孩子身上學(xué)到從自身經(jīng)驗中學(xué)習(xí)的道理。故選C項。16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“AstudypublishedinDevelopmentalPsychologyexploreshowchildrenreacttoideasthatgoagainstwhattheyusuallythinkandiftheychecktheseideasagainstwhattheyexpect.”（發(fā)表在《發(fā)展心理學(xué)》上的一項研究探討了兒童對與他們通常想法相反的想法的反應(yīng)，以及他們是否將這些想法與他們的期望進(jìn)行核對。）以及“Thiswayofchecking,knownasthe“empiricalstance,”isevidentbythetimechildrenreachelementaryschool.”（這種被稱為“經(jīng)驗立場”的檢查方式在孩子們上小學(xué)時就已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)出來了。）并結(jié)合通讀全文可知，文章主要討論了兒童如何通過經(jīng)驗驗證來形成信念，并建議各年齡段的人都應(yīng)更多地采用這種經(jīng)驗立場，故選B項。（24-25高三上·安徽·開學(xué)考試）Whenwe,ashumans,getslightlyinjured,wetreatourownwounds.Evensometimeswegotoseedoctors.Butinthewildanimalkingdom,medicalcareismuchdifferent.ForoneSumatranorangutan(猩猩),afacialwoundmaybelethalbecauseitcouldcauseinfectionandpain.However,thelargeorangeprimate(靈長目動物)foundawaytotreathimselfusinganative-growingplant.Rakus,aSumatranorangutan,livesinSuaqBalimbing,Indonesia.Sumatranorangutans,withonlyabout14,613surviving,arefacedwithdyingout.Biologistsstudythegreatapesintheirhabitats.WhentheynoticedRakus'woundtheypaidattentiontoit.Butwhathappenedthreedayslatersurprisedthem.RakusappliedaplantcalledAkarKuningtohiswound,creatingaprotectivelayeroverthewound.Theplantisknownforreducingpainandpreventinginfection,butitisnotafoodforthelocalorangutans.Biologistssay,“ItispossiblethatRakusbroughtthisknowledgefromhisbirthplace.Therefore,itispossiblethatthebehaviorisshownbymoreindividualslikehimoutsidetheSuaqresearcharea.”LuckilyforRakus,histreatmentworkedandhiswoundwascuredwithoutincident.Whileotherexamplesofgreatapestreatingwoundshavebeenrecorded,theselectivetreatmentofonlythewoundandthelayeringofplantmaterialindifferentconsistenciesweremarvelous(了不起的).Accordingtothebiologists,thisremarkableobservationisthefirstreportofactivewoundmanagementwithabiologicalactivesubstanceinagreatapespeciesandprovidesnewinsightsintotheexistenceofself-medicationinourclosestrelatives.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)ethal”inParagraphIprobablymean?A．Deadly. B．Avoidable C．Curable D．Obvious.18．WhatsurprisedbiologistsaboutRakusduringtheirresearch?A．ItfeedsonAkarKuning-alocalplant B．Itshabitatshasbeendestroyedwholly.C．Itcan'tdealwithitswoundstimely D．Itusesanativeplanttocureitself19．WhichisrightabouttheobservationonSumatranorangutans?A．ItfocusesonanimalprotectionB．ItfirstbroughtinbiologicalactivematerialsC．Itmakesforknowingwellofself-medicationinthespeciesD．Itmakesabigdifferencetosavingapesindanger20．Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Anewsreport B．AsciencefictionC．Ageographicmagazine D．Aposteraboutendangeredanimals【答案】17．A18．D19．C20．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一只蘇門答臘猩猩可以用一種本土的植物來療傷。17．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“becauseitcouldcauseinfectionandpain(因為它會引起感染和疼痛)”可知，蘇門答臘猩猩面部的傷可能是致命的，因為會導(dǎo)致感染或者疼痛，所以推測劃線詞意思是“致命的”。故選A項。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butwhathappenedthreedayslatersurprisedthem.RakusappliedaplantcalledAkarKuningtohiswound,creatingaprotectivelayeroverthewound.(但是三天后發(fā)生的事使他們吃驚。拉庫斯在傷口上涂了一種叫做阿卡·庫寧的植物，在傷口上形成了一層保護(hù)層。)”可知，Rakus用一種本地植物來治愈自己，這讓生物研究者深感驚訝。故選D項。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中最后一段“thisremarkableobservationisthefirstreportofactivewoundmanagementwithabiologicalactivesubstanceinagreatapespeciesandprovidesnewinsightsintotheexistenceofself-medicationinourclosestrelatives.(這一引人注目的觀察結(jié)果是首次報道在類人猿物種中使用生物活性物質(zhì)進(jìn)行主動傷口治療，并為我們最近的親戚中存在自我藥物治療提供了新的見解。)”可知，關(guān)于蘇門答臘猩猩的觀察，讓我們對這個物種的自我治療有了更好的了解。故選C項。20．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，該文主要講述蘇門答臘猩猩可以用一種本土的植物來療傷。故推知文章可能摘自新聞報道。故選A項。（24-25高三上·湖南長沙·階段練習(xí)）Noise-cancelingheadphonesarewidespreadnowadays,butscientistshavefoundawaytotakethesedevicestothenextlevel—bycreatingheadphonesthatcanfocusononeexternalsoundsourceandblockoutallothernoises.Thetechnology,called“TargetSpeechHearing(TSH),”usesartificialintelligence(AI)toletthewearerfaceaspeakernearbyand-afteradelayofacoupleofseconds-lockontotheirvoice.Thisletstheuserhearonlythatspecificaudiosource,maintainingthesignalevenifthespeakermovesaroundorturnsaway.“WetendtothinkofAInowasweb-basedchatbots(聊天機(jī)器人)thatanswerquestions,”saidthestudyleadauthor,ShyamGollakota,professorofComputerScience&EngineeringattheUniversityofWashington.“Inthisproject,wedevelopAItomodifytheauditoryperceptionofanyonewearingheadphones,giventheirpreferences.Withourdevicesyoucannowhearasinglespeakerclearlyevenifyouareinanoisyenvironmentwithlotsofotherpeopletalking,”Gollakotasaidinastatement.TSHfollowsonfromresearchthesamescientistsconductedinto“semantichearing”lastyear.Inthatproject,theycreatedanAI-poweredsmartphoneappthatcouldbepairedwithheadphones,whichletthewearerchoosetohearfromalistofpreset“classes”whilecancelingoutallothernoises.Forexample,awearercouldchoosetohearalarms,babies,speechorbirds-andtheheadphoneswouldsingleoutonlythosenoisesandblockoutallothers.TouseTSH,thewearerfacesstraightinfrontofthespeakerwhosevoicetheywishtohear,beforetappingasmallbuttonontheheadphonestoactivatethesystemwhenpositionedcorrectly.Fornow,TSHcanonlyenrollasingleaudiosource,orasinglespeaker,atanyonetime,andit’slesssuccessfulifthere’sanothernoiseofasimilarvolumecomingfromthesamedirection.21．Whatcannoise-cancelingheadphonesdo?A．Blockoutallsounds. B．Restorelisteningloss.C．Concentrateonallsounds. D．Identifythesourceofaspecificsound.22．WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?A．Theheadphones’initialdraft. B．Theheadphones’imperfection.C．Theheadphones’workingmechanism. D．Theheadphones’operatingcomponents.23．WhichdoesGollakotamostlikelyagreeto?A．TSHisdesignedtochangethewearer’spreferences.B．TSHenablesclearlisteningdespitenoisesaround.C．TSHisactuallyaquestion-answeringchatbot.D．TSHcanbeusedtoaddressnoisepollution.24．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toinformreadersaboutanadvancementinauditorytechnology.B．TogiveanaccountofAI’sapplicationtofacialrecognition.C．ToeducatereadersabouttheinnovativedevelopmentinAI.D．Tohonoranoutstandingcomputerscientistandengineer.【答案】21．D22．C23．B24．A【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)家們找到了將降噪耳機(jī)提升到新高度的方法——通過制造一款能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谕獠柯曉床⑵帘嗡衅渌胍舻亩鷻C(jī)。這項名為“目標(biāo)語音聽力”的技術(shù)利用人工智能，讓佩戴者面對附近的說話者，并在幾秒鐘的延遲后鎖定他們的聲音。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Noise-cancelingheadphonesarewidespreadnowadays,butscientistshavefoundawaytotakethesedevicestothenextlevel-bycreatingheadphonesthatcanfocusononeexternalsoundsourceandblockoutallothernoises.(降噪耳機(jī)現(xiàn)在很普遍，但科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了一種方法，將這些設(shè)備提升到一個新的水平——制造一種可以專注于一個外部聲源的耳機(jī)，并屏蔽所有其他噪音)”可知，這款耳機(jī)能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谝粋€外部聲源并屏蔽所有其他噪音。故選D。22．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thetechnology,called“TargetSpeechHearing(TSH),”usesartificialintelligence(AI)toletthewearerfaceaspeakernearbyand-afteradelayofacoupleofseconds-lockontotheirvoice.(這項技術(shù)被稱為“目標(biāo)語音聽力(TSH)”，它使用人工智能讓佩戴者面對附近的揚(yáng)聲器，并在幾秒鐘后鎖定他們的聲音)”可知，文章第二段介紹了此款耳機(jī)的工作機(jī)制。故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Withourdevicesyoucannowhearasinglespeakerclearlyevenifyouareinanoisyenvironmentwithlotsofotherpeopletalking,”Gollakotasaidinastatement.(有了我們的設(shè)備，即使你在一個有很多人說話的嘈雜環(huán)境中，你也可以清楚地聽到一個揚(yáng)聲器的聲音，”Gollakota在一份聲明中說)”可知，Gollakota認(rèn)為目標(biāo)語音聽力TSH能使人在周圍有噪音的情況下清晰地傾聽。故選B。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Noise-cancelingheadphonesarewidespreadnowadays,butscientistshavefoundawaytotakethesedevicestothenextlevel-bycreatingheadphonesthatcanfocusononeexternalsoundsourceandblockoutallothernoises.(降噪耳機(jī)現(xiàn)在很普遍，但科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了一種方法，將這些設(shè)備提升到一個新的水平——制造一種可以專注于一個外部聲源的耳機(jī)，并屏蔽所有其他噪音)”可知文章介紹了一項名為“目標(biāo)語音聽力”的技術(shù)應(yīng)用于一款專注于一個外部聲源并屏蔽所有其他噪音的耳機(jī)，這是屬于“auditorytechnology（聽覺技術(shù)）”方面的一個發(fā)展。作者為了向讀者介紹聽覺技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。故選A。（24-25高三上·湖北·開學(xué)考試）AsChina’scitiesgrow,theyarealsosinking.Anestimated16percentofthecountry’smajorcitiesarelosingmorethan10millimetersofheightperyearandnearlyhalfarelosingmorethan3millimetersperyear,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience.“Landsubsidence(下沉)isaproblemthatalmostexistseverywhere,”saidRobertNicholls,aclimatescientistandcivilengineerattheUniversityofEastAngliawhoreviewedthepaper,“Tomyknowledge,thisstudyisthefirsttomeasurelandsubsidenceacrossmanyurbanareasusingstate-of-the-artradar(雷達(dá))datafromsatellites.Ibelievethemajorityoftheadaptationstrategiesthatwehave,andtheplanstofightclimatechange,areinaccurate,justbecausetheydidnotincludelandsubsidence.Landsubsidenceisanunheededproblem.Ithasn’tbeenstudiedtheway,forexample,sealevelrisehasbeenstudied.”Thenewstudywasbasedonsatelliteradarmeasurementsofhowmuchthegroundsurfacein82majorciti