第03輯開學考試 2025屆新高三開學摸底考試卷01（北京卷）（教師版） 2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關練（高考真題+名校模擬）

絕密★啟用前2025屆新高三開學摸底考試卷01（北京卷）解析版（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AsaveryimportantpartofMexico’secosystem,hummingbirdsnowfaceallsortsofseriousthreats.That’swhere73-year-oldCatherinecomesin,who1mostofherfreetimecaringforthetinybirds.Catherine’sstoryasaself-taughthummingbirdnursebeganin2011.Shewaswalkingonthestreetonedaywhenshenoticeda(n)2hummingbirdthathadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury.3,itwastakenhomebythekind-heartedwoman,butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.However,afriend4hertolookafterit.“Thathummingbirdwrotemeanewlife,”Catherinesaid.Itwasaverydifficult5inherlife.Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedtopullheroutofthesadnessandlonelinessthathad6herlife.Anditwasonlythebeginning.Wordofhersuccess7amongCatherine’sfriends,andbeforelongsomeofthembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds.Sheneededtostudythebirdsandtheir8tobettertakecareofthem,andafter11yearsofexperience,the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirdswhileherhomehasbecomeknownasahummingbird9.Untilnow,Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.After10thebirdsbacktohealth,shereleasestheminawoodedareaonthesouthsideofMexicoCity.1.A.gains B.spends C.misses D.wastes2.A.ugly B.scary C.dangerous D.desperate3.A.Surprisingly B.Fortunately C.Accidentally D.Secretly4.A.allowed B.commanded C.encouraged D.reminded5.A.task B.decision C.moment D.goal6.A.takenover B.reliedon C.turneddown D.gonethrough7.A.existed B.spread C.occurred D.changed8.A.values B.legends C.numbers D.habits9.A.shop B.park C.hospital D.museum10.A.nursing B.guiding C.moving D.feeding【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.C5.C6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A【導語】這是一篇記敘文。73歲的Catherine從2011年開始自學照顧蜂鳥。一次她救了一只受傷的蜂鳥，這不僅幫助她走出喪夫和抗癌的悲痛，還激發(fā)了她照顧更多蜂鳥的熱情。迄今為止，她已救助了數(shù)百只蜂鳥，并將康復的蜂鳥放生到墨西哥城南部的森林區(qū)。1.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這時，73歲的Catherine出現(xiàn)了，她把大部分空閑時間都用來照顧這些小鳥。A.gains獲得；B.spends花費；C.misses錯過；D.wastes浪費。根據(jù)后文“after11yearsofexperience,the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirds”可知她花費自己很多的閑暇時間照顧蜂鳥，且spendtimedoing是固定搭配。故選B項。2.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，她走在街上，發(fā)現(xiàn)一只絕望的蜂鳥眼睛受了重傷。A.ugly丑陋的；B.scary嚇人的；C.dangerous危險的；D.desperate絕望的。根據(jù)后文“hadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury”可知這里表示蜂鳥因受傷而感到絕望。故選D項。3.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，這只蜂鳥被一位好心的婦女帶回了家，但她對照顧鳥類一無所知。A.Surprisingly令人驚訝地；B.Fortunately幸運地；C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Secretly秘密地。根據(jù)后文“itwastakenhomebythekind-heartedwoman”可知被熱心的女人帶回家是幸運的。故選B項。4.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而一個朋友鼓勵她來照顧它。A.allowed允許；B.commanded命令；C.encouraged鼓勵；D.reminded提醒。根據(jù)前文“butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.”以及轉折詞however可知，朋友鼓勵她來照顧蜂鳥。故選C項。5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那是她生命中非常艱難的時刻。A.task任務；B.decision決定；C.moment時刻；D.goal目標。根據(jù)后文“Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.”可知失去丈夫并且和癌癥作斗爭是很艱難的時刻。故選C項。6.考查動詞短語辨析。句意：是蜂鳥把她從悲傷和孤獨的生活中拉了出來。A.takenover接管；B.reliedon依賴；C.turneddown拒絕；D.gonethrough經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)前文“Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedtopullheroutofthesadnessandloneliness”可知蜂鳥把她從悲傷和孤獨的生活中拉了出來，改變了她的生活，進而引申為新生活接管了原來艱難的生活。故選A項。7.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她的成功在Catherine的朋友中傳開了，不久，一些朋友開始把受傷和被遺棄的蜂鳥帶給她。A.existed存在；B.spread傳播；C.occurred發(fā)生；D.changed改變。根據(jù)后文“someofthembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds”可知一些朋友知道了她照顧蜂鳥的消息，可推知是這個消息在朋友中傳開了。故選B項。8.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她需要研究蜂鳥和它們的習性，以便更好地照顧它們。A.values價值；B.legends傳說；C.numbers數(shù)量；D.habits習慣。根據(jù)后文“the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirds”可知她成為了研究蜂鳥的專家，說明她對蜂鳥的習性很了解。故選D項。9.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過11年的經(jīng)驗積累，這位73歲的老人被認為是蜂鳥專家，而她的家也成了著名的蜂鳥醫(yī)院。A.shop商店；B.park公園；C.hospital醫(yī)院；D.museum博物館。根據(jù)后文“Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.”可知她在家里救治蜂鳥，而救治是醫(yī)院的功能。故選C項。10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在將這些蜂鳥護理得恢復健康后，她將它們放飛到墨西哥城南邊的一片樹林中。A.nursing護理；B.guiding引導；C.moving移動；D.feeding喂養(yǎng)。根據(jù)前文“However,afriendhertolookafterit.”可知她照顧受傷的蜂鳥，護理至健康后放飛到樹林中。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給出提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Around90%ofroadaccidentsarecausedbyhumanerrors,andself-drivingcarswithAIaimtosolvetheproblem.11theycandoisnokeepvehiclehardwarehealthybydrivingstrategicallyandsafely.Inthisway,trafficviolationsandfinescanbeavoided,12canhelpsavecosts.Driversalsobenefitfromthe13(integrate)ofAItechnologyduringlongtripsastheycanrestwhilethecar’ssystemtakescareofdriving.【答案】11.What12.which13.integration【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了大約90%的交通事故是由人為失誤造成的，而帶有人工智能的自動駕駛汽車旨在解決這一問題，讓司機可以在汽車系統(tǒng)負責駕駛的同時休息。11.考查主語從句。句意：他們所能做的不是通過戰(zhàn)略駕駛和安全駕駛來保持車輛硬件的健康。該空引導主語從句，從句缺少賓語，指物，應用連接代詞what，首字母大寫。故填What。12.考查定語從句。句意：這樣，可以避免交通違規(guī)和罰款，這可以幫助節(jié)省成本。此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞指代主句的內(nèi)容，關系詞替代先行詞在從句中作主語，用關系代詞which。故填which。13.考查名詞。句意：在長途旅行中，司機也受益于人工智能技術的整合，因為他們可以在汽車系統(tǒng)負責駕駛的同時休息。作介詞from的賓語，應用名詞integration，不可數(shù)。故填integration。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。IncitieslikeSuzhouandHangzhou,14beautifullandscapesmeetrichculturalheritage,thetrendofwearinghanfuforphotosandsocialmediacheck-insisontherise.NewChinesestyleisbecomingapopulareverydaychoice15(accept)byyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyadoptingthisstyleacrossvariousaspectsoftheirlives.The16(combine)oftraditionalChineseelementswithmoderndesignisoftenreferredto17xinzhongshi,orthe“newChinesestyle”,whichhasbeengainingpopularitybothinproductsandactivities.【答案】14.where15.accepted16.combination17.as【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了新中式在中國的流行。14.考查定語從句。句意：在風景秀麗、文化底蘊深厚的蘇州和杭州等城市，穿著漢服拍照和社交媒體打卡的趨勢正在上升。空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為cities，表示地點，且空處在從句中作地點狀語，所以應用where引導。故填where。15.考查非謂語動詞。句意：新中式風格正成為年輕人接受的一種流行的日常選擇，他們越來越多地在生活的各個方面采用這種風格。本句的謂語部分是isbecoming，所以空處應用非謂語動詞。邏輯主語apopulareverydaychoice和accept之間是動賓關系，所以應用過去分詞，作后置定語。故填accepted。16.考查名詞。句意：中國傳統(tǒng)元素與現(xiàn)代設計的結合通常被稱為“新中式”（newChinesestyle），在產(chǎn)品和活動中都越來越受歡迎?？涨坝蠺he，所以空處應用名詞，在句中作主語。combination意為“結合”，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填combination。17.考查介詞。句意參考上題。referto...as...意為“將……稱為……”，為固定搭配，此處為被動表達。故填as。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。MoststudentsdoanIQtestearlyintheirschoollife.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthattheirIQis18determineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshavea19(high)IQandthatthereisnothingtheycandotochangetheirsituation.However,newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnot20(simple)theresultofahighIQ.【答案】18.what19.higher20.simply【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過討論IQ測試在學生生活中的常見現(xiàn)象，引出關于EQ（情商）的新研究，并指出成功不僅僅取決于智商。18.考查表語從句。句意：即使他們從未看到自己的結果，他們也覺得自己的智商決定了他們在生活中會做得多好。本空引導表語從句，從句中缺少主語，且指物，用what引導。故填what。19.考查形容詞比較級。句意：當他們看到其他學生比他們做得更好時，他們通常認為那些學生有更高的智商，而他們對此無能為力。根據(jù)句中“Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem”可知，設空處應填high的比較級higher“更高的”，作前置定語，修飾IQ。故填higher。20.考查副詞。句意：然而，對情商的新研究表明，成功不僅僅是高智商的結果。本空應填simple的副詞形式simply表示“僅僅，只不過”，作狀語。故填simply。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AUnitedNationsInternationalChildren’sEmergencyFund(UNICEF)worksintheworld’stoughestplacestoreachthemostdisadvantagedchildrenandteenagers.Acrossmorethan190countries,wedowhateverittakestohelpchildrensurviveandgrow.StartyourcareerwithUNICEFInternship(實習)Programmeandbecomeachampionforeverychild!WhatweofferOurInternshipProgrammeoffersstudentsandrecentgraduatestheopportunitytogaindirectworkexperience.●Time:Internshipscanbefull-timeorpart-time,lastingbetweensixmonthstooneyear.●Salary:YouwillgetpaidmonthlybyUNICEFonceyourinternshipstarts.●Feeswecover:One-wayticketandvisacosts.RequirementsYourprofilecouldbeagoodfitifitmeetsthefollowingrequirements:●Beingacollegestudentnow,orhavinggraduatedfromcollegewithinthepasttwoyears.●BeingfluentinoneofUNICEF’sworkinglanguages:English,FrenchorChinese.●Strongcommunicationskills.●Abilitytoworkcollaborativelyinamulticulturalenvironment.●Outstandingacademicperformance.●Flexibilitytoadapttonewenvironmentsandworkunderpressure.●Previousvolunteerorworkexperienceinarelatedfieldisanadvantagebutnotrequired.●Noimmediaterelatives(eg.parents,sister,brother)workingwithUNICEF.HowtoapplyYoucanfindopportunitiesonourcareerpage.Onceyoufindapositionofinterest,clickonthebutton“ApplyNow”andproceedonthewebsite.21.WhatcanUNICEFprovideifoneisselected?A.Areturnticket. B.Visadocuments.C.Alanguagecourse. D.Monthlypaidsalary.22.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredto________.A.haverelatedworkexperience B.ownmulticulturalbackgroundsC.speakEnglishandFrenchfluently D.adjusttonewenvironmentsflexibly23.Inwhichsectionofawebsitemightyoufindthispassage?A.Job-hunting. B.Problem-solving.C.Skill-building. D.Decision-making.【答案】21.D22.D23.A【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了聯(lián)合國兒童基金會的一份實習工作，包括工作待遇、申請要求和申請方式。21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatweoffer中第二點“Salary:YouwillgetpaidmonthlybyUNICEFonceyourinternshipstarts.(薪水：實習開始后，聯(lián)合國兒童基金會將按月發(fā)放工資)”可知，如果申請人被選中，聯(lián)合國兒童基金會可以提供月薪。故選D項。22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Requirements中第六點“Flexibilitytoadapttonewenvironmentsandworkunderpressure.(能靈活適應新環(huán)境和在壓力下工作)”可知，申請人需要靈活適應新的環(huán)境。故選D項。23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“StartyourcareerwithUNICEFInternship(實習)Programmeandbecomeachampionforeverychild!(從聯(lián)合國兒童基金會實習計劃開始你的職業(yè)生涯，成為每個孩子的冠軍)”可知，文章主要是介紹聯(lián)合國兒童基金會的一份實習工作，與職業(yè)發(fā)展相關。因此，文章應該出自網(wǎng)站的求職部分。故選A項。BBythetimeAlexSanburnwas13,hewaswellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.Hehadalreadyhadhisfirstshowatalocalartscentre.Yethewantedmore-specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.Thegallerychargesasmallhangingfeeforanydisplayedworkandtakesa15percentcommissionfeeonsales.Inturn,LittleEGGhelpspromoteyoungtalentbyshowcasingtheirwork.Notlongaftertheopening,HenryCameron,aprofessorandartist,happeneduponthegallerywhilewalkinginhisneighbourhood.Anexhibitionwasbeinginstalledatthetime,andsomeofAlex’sownworkwasonthewalls.Aconnectionwasformed,andAlexaskedHenrytohelpjudgeanupcomingcompetition.Thefirstjuriedshowwaslastspring,andthetopthreewinnerseachreceiveda$50cashprize.GivenhowbusyAlexiswithschool,lifeandhisownart,LittleEGGismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,buthe’sstilldevotedtogrowingthegallerywithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.LeoSmith,a17-year-oldartistfromTorontosaysit’sabouttimethatavenuelikeLittleEGGexisted.“Asyoungartists,wedon’tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwe’redue,andwealsodon’tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.”24.WhathappenedwhenAlexwas13?A.Hewasrejectedbyajuriedexhibition. B.Hemissedthedeadlineforsubmission.C.Hehadhisfirstshowatalocalartclub. D.Hebecameaworkingartistsuccessfully.25.WhatdoweknowaboutLittleEGG?A.Itisfreeofcharge. B.Itisopenonweekdays.C.Itisaimedatyoungtalents. D.Itholdscompetitionsregularly.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAlex?A.Ambitiousandcreative. B.Loyalanddetermined.C.Modestandsympathetic. D.Honestandhard-working.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Artconnectspeopleworldwide. B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.Failurescandrivepositivechange. D.Chancefavoursthepreparedmind.【答案】24.A25.C26.A27.C【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹的是13歲的小藝術家Alex申請參加在一個評審展覽時因年齡小被拒絕，于是他創(chuàng)辦了一個專門為未成年藝術家提供展示機會的畫廊LittleEGG。24.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“Yethewantedmore-specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(然而，他更具體地希望開始在一個評審展覽中展示他的作品，在那里，藝術專家將在一個競爭性的評審過程中評估和選擇作品。就在這時，他遇到了障礙，在一份多頁申請的最后一行，他發(fā)現(xiàn)提交申請的最低年齡是18歲。)”可知，在他想在一個評審展覽中展示他的作品時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)提交申請的最低年齡是18歲；由此可知，在13歲時他遭到了一次評審展覽的拒絕。故選A項。25.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一個店面，成立了LittleEGG畫廊，這是一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室。)”可知，LittleEGG畫廊是一個專門為未成年藝術家開始的商業(yè)工作室，由此可知，LittleEGG畫廊的目標是年輕的人才。故選C項。26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.(這種拒絕成為了創(chuàng)造的動力?，F(xiàn)年15歲的Alex說：‘藝術界有一個空白，我想如果我能給更多的年輕藝術家提供機會，那就太酷了。’)”可知，13歲的Alex再被拒絕后，他認為能給更多的年輕藝術家提供機會是件很酷的事情，結合第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一個店面，成立了LittleEGG畫廊，這是一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室。)”可知，他成立了一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室；綜合以上信息可知，Alex是一個有抱負和富有創(chuàng)新精神的人。故選A項。27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“That’swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(就在這時，他遇到了障礙，在一份多頁申請的最后一行，他發(fā)現(xiàn)提交申請的最低年齡是18歲。)”可知，Alex想在一個評審展覽中展示他的作品時，他遭到了拒絕；根據(jù)第三段中的“Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.“Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysAlex,now15.(這種拒絕成為了創(chuàng)造的動力?，F(xiàn)年15歲的Alex說：‘藝術界有一個空白，我想如果我能給更多的年輕藝術家提供機會，那就太酷了。’)”可知，這次拒絕成為了他創(chuàng)造的動力；根據(jù)第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一個店面，成立了LittleEGG畫廊，這是一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室。)”可知，他成立了一個專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室；綜合以上信息可知，Alex在失敗后而成立了專門為未成年藝術家開設的商業(yè)工作室，所以，從該故事中可以學到的是失敗可以帶來積極的改變。故選C項。CKimfoundtheprospectoflearninganewlanguagediscouraging,especiallyasanadult.Shesawspendingdozensorhoursayearonlessonswithonlyslowprogressonanewskillasoutofreach.ThiswasundoubtedlynowKimfeltaboutherdecades’longambitiontolearnSpanish.Thatallchanged,however,whenapopularlanguage-learningapppresentedamoreattractiveapproach:completeonelesson—justsixorsevenminuteslong—everydayinordertoeventuallybecomebilingual(雙語的).Thisaddsuptoabout40hoursofstudyeachyear,butitispresentedasabite-sizedailygoal.Actually,thiscanbeappliedtoalmostanyambitioustarget.Buthoweffectiveisit?Forourstudy,wepartneredwithCTL,anonprofitorganizationthatprovidesfreecrisisconsultation.AllCTLvolunteersareaskedtocomplete200hoursofcrisisconsultationwithinayear.Wewerecuriousifbreakingdownthisgoalcouldmakeitmoreapproachableandincreaseactualworkinghours.Werandomlyassignedmorethan9,000CTLvolunteerstoreceivee-mailsforthreemonths.Onegroupwasencouragedtohitthe200-hourmarkwithnoactualgoalbreakdown.Twoothergroups,however,weregivenclearsubgoals:weencouragedonetovolunteerforfourhourseveryweekandtheothertovolunteerforeighthourseverytwoweeks.Thenwetrackedhowmuchtimeeachgroupspentvolunteeringduringourstudy.Bothgroupswhowereencouragedtofocusonasmallersubgoalvolunteered7to8percentmorethantheirpeerswhoweremerelyencouragedtohittheirbiggoal.Wealsofoundsuggestiveevidencethatthemoreflexible“eighthourseverytwoweeks”framingledtomorelastingbenefitsovertime.Althoughvolunteeringdeclinedeachweekduringthestudyacrossallparticipants,thisdeclinewasslowerinthe“eighthourseverytwoweeks”condition.Itsuggeststhatmakingmodestgoalsflexiblemightencouragelong-termperseverance.Ifso,afteroneyear,becomingbilingualisatlastwithinreachforKim.28.TheauthormentionsKiminthefirstparagraphmainlyto________.A.makeaprediction B.introduceatopicC.presentanassumption D.evaluateanargument29.WhydidtheauthorandhisteamcooperatewithCLT?A.Tocalculatetheprofitsoftheorganization.B.Toincreasetheactualhoursofvoluntarywork.C.Toevaluatetheeffectivenessofagoal-settingstrategy.D.Toimprovetheworkingskillsofvolunteersinconsultation.30.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Analysisofthestudy. B.Processofthestudy.C.Findingsofthestudy. D.Significanceofthestudy.31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Makingafixedgoalhelpslongerperseverance.B.Settingabiggergoaldrivespeopletoachievemore.C.Stickingtoanambitiousgoalcontributestosuccess.D.Breakingdownabiggergoalleadstobetterresults.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一個流行的語言學習應用程序通過把學習目標分解成小目標，來完成最后的學習任務。研究表明，將適度的目標變得靈活可能會鼓勵長期的毅力。28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Kimfoundtheprospectoflearninganewlanguagediscouraging,especiallyasanadult.Shesawspendingdozensorhoursayearonlessonswithonlyslowprogressonanewskillasoutofreach.ThiswasundoubtedlynowKimfeltaboutherdecades’longambitiontolearnSpanish.Thatallchanged,however,whenapopularlanguage-learningapppresentedamoreattractiveapproach:completeonelesson—justsixorsevenminuteslong—everydayinordertoeventuallybecomebilingual(雙語的).(Kim發(fā)現(xiàn)學習一門新語言的前景令人沮喪，尤其是作為一個成年人。她認為，一年花幾十個或幾個小時上一門新技能的課，而在這門新技能上只有緩慢的進步是遙不可及的。這無疑是金現(xiàn)在對她幾十年來學習西班牙語的夙愿的感受。然而，這一切都改變了，當一個流行的語言學習應用程序提出了一個更有吸引力的方法：為了最終成為雙語，每天完成一節(jié)課——只要六到七分鐘)”可知，作者在第一段提到Kim主要是為了引入話題。故選B。29.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Forourstudy,wepartneredwithCTL,anonprofitorganizationthatprovidesfreecrisisconsultation.AllCTLvolunteersareaskedtocomplete200hoursofcrisisconsultationwithinayear.Wewerecuriousifbreakingdownthisgoalcouldmakeitmoreapproachableandincreaseactualworkinghours.(在我們的研究中，我們與CTL合作，這是一個提供免費危機咨詢的非營利組織。所有CTL志愿者都被要求在一年內(nèi)完成200小時的危機咨詢。我們很好奇，打破這個目標是否能讓它更容易實現(xiàn)，并增加實際工作時間)”可知，作者和他的團隊與CLT合作是為了評估目標設定策略的有效性。故選C。30.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Werandomlyassignedmorethan9,000CTLvolunteerstoreceivee-mailsforthreemonths.Onegroupwasencouragedtohitthe200-hourmarkwithnoactualgoalbreakdown.Twoothergroups,however,weregivenclearsubgoals:weencouragedonetovolunteerforfourhourseveryweekandtheothertovolunteerforeighthourseverytwoweeks.Thenwetrackedhowmuchtimeeachgroupspentvolunteeringduringourstudy.(我們隨機分配了9000多名CTL志愿者，在三個月內(nèi)接收電子郵件。其中一組被鼓勵在沒有實際目標分解的情況下達到200小時的目標。然而，另外兩組被賦予了明確的子目標：我們鼓勵一組每周做4小時的志愿者，另一組每兩周做8小時的志愿者。然后我們追蹤了每一組在研究期間做志愿者的時間)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是研究過程。故選B。31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Bothgroupswhowereencouragedtofocusonasmallersubgoalvolunteered7to8percentmorethantheirpeerswhoweremerelyencouragedtohittheirbiggoal.Wealsofoundsuggestiveevidencethatthemoreflexible“eighthourseverytwoweeks”framingledtomorelastingbenefitsovertime.Althoughvolunteeringdeclinedeachweekduringthestudyacrossallparticipants,thisdeclinewasslowerinthe“eighthourseverytwoweeks”condition.Itsuggeststhatmakingmodestgoalsflexiblemightencouragelong-termperseverance.(兩組被鼓勵專注于小目標的志愿者比那些只被鼓勵實現(xiàn)大目標的同齡人多出7%到8%。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時間的推移，更靈活的“每兩周八小時”框架能帶來更持久的好處。盡管在研究期間，所有參與者的志愿活動每周都在減少，但在“每兩周8小時”的情況下，這種下降速度較慢。研究表明，將適度的目標變得靈活可能會鼓勵長期的毅力)”可知，作者想告訴我們把更大的目標分解會帶來更好的結果。故選D。DOurtravelsarenotlimitedtophysicaltime.Wealsoexperiencementaltimetravel.Wevisitthepastthroughourmemoriesandthenjourneyintothefuturebyimaginingwhattomorrowornextyearmightbring.Whenwedoso,wethinkofourselvesaswearenow,rememberwhoweoncewereandenvisionhowwewillbe.Arecentstudyexploreshowoneparticularbrainregionhelpstoknittogethermemoriesofthepresentandfutureselves.Whenpeoplesustainaninjurytothisarea,itleadstoadamagedsenseofidentity.Theregion,calledvmPFC,mayproduceafundamentalmodelofthepersonandplaceitinmentaltime.Whentheregiondoesso,itmaybethesourceofoursenseofself.It’salsofoundthatmemoriesthatreferencetheselfareeasiertorecall.Theybenefitfromwhatresearchershavecalledaself-referenceeffect.Inthestudy,theresearchersusedtheself-referenceeffecttoassessmemoriesofpresentandfutureselvesamongpeoplewhohadbrainlesions(損傷)tothevmPFC.ThescientistsworkedwithpeoplewithvmPFClesions,thencomparedthemwithacontrolgroupmadeupofpeoplewithinjuriestootherpartsofthebrainandhealthyindividuals.Theywereaskedtolistadjectivestodescribethemselvesandacelebrity,bothinthepresentandfuture.Later,theyhadtorecallthesesametraits.Itwasdiscoveredthatpeopleinthecontrolgroupcouldrecallmoreadjectiveslinkedtothemselvesthanadjectiveslinkedtothecelebrity.However,theparticipantswithvmPFClesionshadlittleornoabilitytorecallreferencestotheself,regardlessofthecontextoftime.Theiridentificationofadjectivesforcelebritieswasalsocomparativelyweak.Thesefindingsareintriguing,forthestudyhelpsusunderstandhowself-relatedmemoriesdependonthefunctionofthevmPFC.Butwhataboutourpastselves?Previousstudiesaskedpeopletoconsidertheirpastselves,buttherewasnoevidenceoftheself-referenceeffect.Ourpastselvesseemforeigntous,asiftheywereindividualsapartfromus.Oneideathatscientistshaveputforwardtounderstandthisdistinctionisthatperhapswearenotverykindinourjudgmentsofourpastselves.Insteadwemayberathercriticalofourpreviousbehavior,emotionsandpersonaltraits.Wemayuseourpastprimarilytoconstructamorepositiveself-imageinthepresent.Putanotherway,becausewemayrecognizeflaws(瑕疵)inourpastself’sbehavior,wetendtodistanceourselvesfromthepersonweoncewere.Therefore,bringingthepresentandfutureintothespotlightiscentraltounderstandingthewayourbrainandthoughtsshapeourcurrentselves.Andwiththeresearch,wehaveabetterideaaboutthewayasmallregionwithinourbrainisabletobuildandholdthecoreabilitytomaintainouridentity.32.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A.peoplewithvmPFClesionshaveabrokensenseofidentityB.vmPFC-injuredpeoplerecallcelebritiesbetterthanothersdoC.theself-referenceeffectplaysavitalroleinconsideringpastselfD.peopletendtoacceptpastselfafterrealizingtheirpreviousfaults33.AsforthefindingsoftherecentstudyonvmPFC,theauthoris________.A.critical B.doubtful C.approving D.unconcerned34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TestingOurMemories B.CreatingOurSenseofSelfC.ThePowerofSelf-ReferenceEffect D.TheImportanceofMentalTimeTravel【答案】32.A33.C34.B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了大腦中的一個特定區(qū)域（vmPFC）如何幫助我們將現(xiàn)在的記憶與未來的自我記憶結合起來，從而維持我們的身份感。這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)加深了我們對大腦如何塑造和維持我們當前身份的理解。32.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Itwasdiscoveredthatpeopleinthecontrolgroupcouldrecallmoreadjectiveslinkedtothemselvesthanadjectiveslinkedtothecelebrity.However,theparticipantswithvmPFClesionshadlittleornoabilitytorecallreferencestotheself,regardlessofthecontextoftime.Theiridentificationofadjectivesforcelebritieswasalsocomparativelyweak.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對照組的人能回憶起更多與自身相關的形容詞，而不是與名人相關的形容詞。然而，vmPFC損傷的參與者幾乎無法回憶起與自身相關的引用，無論時間背景如何。他們對名人的形容詞識別能力也相對較弱。)”可知，當人們在這個區(qū)域（vmPFC）受傷時，他們幾乎無法回憶起與自身相關的引用，無論時間背景如何會導致身份感的受損。這與選項A的描述“peoplewithvmPFClesionshaveabrokensenseofidentity(vmPFC損傷的人失去了身份感)”相符。故選A。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesefindingsareintriguing,forthestudyhelpsusunderstandhowself-relatedmemoriesdependonthefunctionofthevmPFC.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)很有趣，因為這項研究幫助我們理解自我相關的記憶是如何依賴于vmPFC的功能的。)”可知，作者認為這些發(fā)現(xiàn)很有趣，因為這項研究幫助我們理解自我相關記憶如何依賴于vmPFC的功能，這說明作者對于vmPFC研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)持肯定態(tài)度。因此，作者對于vmPFC研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)持贊成態(tài)度。C選項“approving(支持的)”與作者態(tài)度相一致。故選C。34.主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章主要討論了vmPFC區(qū)域如何幫助我們將現(xiàn)在的記憶與未來的自我記憶結合起來，以維持我們的身份感。B選項“CreatingOurSenseofSelf(創(chuàng)造我們的自我意識)”最能概括文章的主旨，符合文章標題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Socrates,Galileo,MarieCurie,Einstein...Whatdidthesegreatthinkershaveincommon?Theyallpracticeddeliberatedoubtanduseditasatooltoimprovetheirthinkingandgeneratecreativeideas.35Itisaboutsuspendingourcertaintyandlettinggoofourpreconceived(先入為主的)notionsinordertoexplorenewideasandperspectives.Whenwe’recertainofsomething,wetendtostoplookingforalternativeexplanationsorpossibilities.36Doubtcan,ofcourse,beunsettling,butitcanalsoresultinagreaterunderstandingofasubjectandinspirefreshthoughtsandinsights.37Butitdoesn’tmeanweshoulduseitallthetime.Whiledeliberatedoubtcanbeavaluabletoolforgeneratingcreativeideasandexploringcomplexproblems,itcanalsobecounterproductiveifitisnotpracticedintherightway.It’simportanttokeepinmindthatdeliberatedoubtisnotconstantdoubt.Ifwe’recontinuouslydoubtingourownideas,we’llbelesslikelytopursuethemandseethemthroughtocompletion.38Wespendsomuchtimedoubtingeverythingandendupnotdoinganything.39Wecanbecomeself-criticalandunsureofourabilities,whichcanundermineourself-esteem.Asaresult,wemaybetooafraidtotrynewthingsortakerisks.Toavoidthesetraps,it’simportanttostrikeabalancebetweendoubtandcertainty,andtousedoubtasatooltostimulatecreativethinkingandexploration,ratherthanasameansofunderminingourselvesorothers.A.Deliberatedoubtcanalsoleadtoalackofconfidence.B.Butwhenwedoubt,we’reforcedtoconsiderotherperspectives.C.Inthiscase,deliberatedoubtcanpreventusfrommakingdecisions.D.Whenpracticedallthetime,deliberatedoubtcanleadtoadifferentbelief.E.Byturningdoubtintoadeliberateprocess,weopenourselvestonewpossibilities.F.Deliberatedoubtisthepracticeofactivelyquestioningourbeliefsandassumptions.G.Deliberatedoubtcanhelpustodevelopamoreopen-mindedapproachtotheworld.【答案】35.F36.B37.G38.C39.A【導語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了刻意懷疑的積極作用和消極作用。35.根據(jù)下文“Itisabou