英語語法 被動語態(tài)和語氣

學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載教案題目（教學章節(jié)或主題）：專題：動詞語氣和語態(tài)授課日期：授課時間：教學重點、難點：重要性：典型例題：單句改錯：1.Manynewbuildingswerebuiltsince2000.2.Look!Afrogisswallowedbyasnakeoverthere.3.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.4.Thisbookisworthbeingread.5.Thebabyisbeingtakencarebytheparents.6.Theboywasmadestayathomedoinghishomework.單項選擇1.Itissaidthatpandas_____inourcountryyearafteryear.A.arebeingdisappearedB.aredisappearingC.willbedisappearedD.willdisappear2.Theaccident______lastweek.A.washappenedB.happenedC.ishappenedD.arehappened3.HisSelectedPoems_______in1970.A.werepublishedB.waspublishedC.ispublishedD.hasbeenpublished4.Thatbigroom_____formeetings.A.usesB.shalluseC.isusingD.canbeused5.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______eachyear.A.iswashingaway B.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingaway D.arebeingwashedaway6.Theradarsets_____foralongtimewithoutanytrouble.A.havebeenrunningB.havebeenrunC.haverunD.wererunning7.Doyouremember_____toDr.Henryduringyourlastvisit?A.tobeintroducedB.beingintroducedC.havingintroducedD.tohaveintroduced總結(jié)：本次教學評價：非常滿意○較滿意○一般○家長或?qū)W生簽字共小時本節(jié)課回訪記錄：任課老師簽字：主任簽字：日期：講義教學內(nèi)容：動詞語態(tài)：語態(tài)也是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的關系。英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)(activevoice)和被動語態(tài)(passivevoice)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)則表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

被動語態(tài)是由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，如果有必要強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者，動作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞by引出的短語表示。助動詞be隨主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)變被動句步驟：把原主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z2、把動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问郊碽e+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態(tài)則保持不變。3、原主動句的主語如需要則放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要則可省略。4、其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。1)主語+謂語+賓語

“主語+謂語+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)中只有一個賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z：

eg:Theywilldiscusstheplanatthemeeting.

--Theplanwillbediscussedatthemeeting.Inthepastthekingpossessedgreatwealth.

--Inthepastgreatwealthwaspossessedbytheking.練習：Inordertoleaveearlytomorrow,weshouldpackuptheluggagenow.2.WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．Acarknockedhimdownyesterday4.Weshouldprotecttheearth．主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

在這個句型中，謂語動詞跟有兩個賓語。變成被動語態(tài)時，一般將通常指人的間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，但有時也可將指物的間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語：

Wegavethestudentsomebooks.

--Thestudentwasgivensomebooks.

--Somebooksweregiventothestudent.

Hisfatherboughthimacomputerlastweek.

--Hewasboughtacomputerbyhisfatherlastweek.

--Acomputerwasboughtforhimbyhisfatherlastweek.

注意：用直接賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語時，通常要在間接賓語前加上適當?shù)慕樵~(如to,for,of等)，以加強間接賓語的語氣。一般在下列詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to。如：bring,take,give,hand,lend,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等Eg：Amagazinewaspassedontome.AnicewatchwasshowntoLucy.一般在下列詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞for.如：buy,build,make,sing,choose,cut,get,fix等Eg:Thenewskirtwasmadeformebymymother.Abeautifulsongwassungtoherbyherclassmates.

練習：TheyawardedhimtheNobelPrizeThehosthadcaughtussomefish.3.Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday．Myfriendboughtmeabooklastnight.

3)主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語

在這個句型中，謂語動詞后有一個賓語和一個賓語補足語，變成被動語態(tài)時，賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，賓語補足語也隨之變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語：

Allthevillagerspaintedthehouseswhite.

--Thehouseswerepaintedwhitebyallthevillagers.

Theykeptuswaitingforalongtime.

--Wewerekeptwaitingforalongtime.

Weregardedhimasthebestdoctorintown.

--Hewasregardedasthebestdoctorintown.

注意：有些使役動詞和感官動詞,如make,see,hear,watch,notice,observe,listento等，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，在變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，不定式應加上to。

Eg：Weheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.

--Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.Weoftenseehimplayguitarintheclassroom．--Heisoftensawtoplayguitarintheclassroom.

注意：在使用被動語態(tài)時，千萬不要遺漏句末的介詞或副詞。

Eg:Suchabadhabitshouldbegotridof.Alltheimportantmattershavenowbeenattendedto.練習：Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．

A．takeawayB．takenawayC．a(chǎn)retakenawayD．betakenaway

2.Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．（變被動語態(tài)）

Thechildrenwill______________________________（byher）．

3.SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（變被動語態(tài)）

He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday．4)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變被動句

含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)時，用“情態(tài)動詞+bedone”構(gòu)成。

Wemustoperatethemachinewithcare.--Themachinemustbeoperatedwithcare.

Thegovernmentshouldremindpeopleofthedangerthatnight

--Peoplehadtoberemindedofthedangerthatnight.不用被動語態(tài)的情況1.不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動詞）：appear,die（死亡）,disappear（消失）,end(vi.結(jié)束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞；raise,seat是及物動詞。（錯）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（錯）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（對）Thepricehasrisen.（對）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（錯）Thepricehasraised.（錯）Pleaseseat.（對）Thepricehasbeenraised.（對）Pleasebeseated.系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。Eg；Yourideasoundsreasonable.Thefoodtastesterrible.Theuniformlooksuglyonme.表示主語的某種屬性特省的動詞，如read,write,act,sell,wash,wear,open,cook.這類詞一般不單獨使用，常有一個修飾語。Eg:Theclothdrieseasily.Thebooksellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.主動形式表示被動含義

1）在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。Eg:Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．Theflowerswantwateringeveryday.

2）形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。Eg:Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）Themanisworthtrusting.=Themanisworthytobetrusted.

3)動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。

Eg:Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動賓關系，與I是主謂關系。)Iwanttofindahoteltolivein.Idon’thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.

試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)

4.在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

Eg：Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.Theairishardtobreathe.

練習：各個時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)變形A）句型練習1.Theteachercleanstheofficeeveryday._____________________________2.Thedoctorcleanedthebathroomyesterday.____________________________3.TominvitedBlowntotheparty.____________________________________4.Theworkersbuiltthishouse100yearsago._____________________________5.Someworkerswillbuildanewschoolbuilding.____________________________6.Ihaveeatenanapple.________________________________7.Mymotheriswashingthedishes._____________________________8.Alittleboyhasbrokenthewindow._______________________________9.Thebadmaniscuttingdownthetrees._______________________________10.Somebodywantsyouonthephone.________________________________B）單項選擇1.--whatanicegarden!

--Yes．it

_____________everyday．

A．hasbeencleaned

B．iscleanedC．isbeingcleanedD．wascleaned2.English__________inCanada，AustraliaandNewZealandaswellasAmericaandBritain．

A．speaks

B．isspeakingC．isspokenD．spoke3.Iwon’tleavemyofficeuntilmywork__________．

A．finish

B．willfinishC．a(chǎn)refinishedD．isfinished4.Areportsayshundredsofthousandsoftrees-intheAmazonrainforest_________lastyear．

A．wascutdown

B．havebeencutdownC．werecutdownD．hasbeencutdown5.ThePLA_____in1927.A.wasfoundB.foundC.wasfoundedD.founded6.Yourschoollooksbeautiful．

一Yes．A10t0ftreesandgrass_________lastyear．

A．a(chǎn)replanted

B．wereplantedC．a(chǎn)replantingD．haveplanted7.Theyoungmanwhostolemanybikesinourschool_____________thedaybeforeyesterday．

A．wascatching

B．iscaughtC．caughtD．wascaught8.--whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?

一A1otofnewroads__________，Ithink．

-

A．mustbuild

B．havetobuildC．mustbebuiltD．havebuilt9.Ithinklknowthelittleboyintheoldphoto．Bit'Sme．It____________10yearsagoinHangzhou．

A．took

B．istakenC．hastakenD．wastalcen10.一Mum，CanIgooutandplay?

一Ifyourwork_________．

A．willbedone

B．isdoneC．hasdoneD．wasdone1.(10年高考I32題)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune____.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade2.(10年高考II15題)Linda,makesurethatthetables___beforetheguestsarrive.A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting3.(09年高考I26題)Hissisterlefthomein1998,and____since.A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof4.(09年高考II8題)Progress____sofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.A.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.willbe5.(08年高考I9題)Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront___toarrive.A.isexpectedB.isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpected6.(07年高考I35題)Theflowersweresolovelythatthey_____innotime.A.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell7.(06年高考I29題)Thewater_____coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels8.(06年高考II31題)Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit_____yesterday.A.washappeningB.washappenedC.hadhappenedD.happened9.(05年高考I33題)Thehero’sstory_____differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reported10.(04年高考I28題)Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto____beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange11.(04年高考II34題)Accordingtotheartdealer,thepainting____togoforatleastamilliondollars.A.isexpectedB.expectsC.expectedD.isexpecting12.(04年高考III25題)---Thewindowisdirty.-----Iknow.It____forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned13.(03年高考30題)Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill___freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestay