2025屆高考英語二輪復習專題講義全程跟蹤專題七動詞的非謂語形式

專題七動詞的非謂語形式命題規(guī)律：2024年新高考I卷及近五年課標卷在語篇型填空中對非謂語動詞用法的考查比較全面，各種功能用法均有所涉及，主要考查非謂語動詞作狀語、賓語、定語的用法。命題趨勢：1.高考將接著加強對非謂語動詞的考查，而且對非謂語作賓語、狀語、定語的考查仍會是考查重點。2.非謂語動詞作補語可能會成為將來高考的一個難點。一、非謂語動詞的概述1.非謂語動詞的形式主動形式被動形式確定句不定式todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendoingtobedone,tohavebeendonev-ing形式doing,havingdonebeingdone,havingbeendone過去分詞done否定句以上形式前加not,如:nottodo,notdoing,nottobedone,nothavingdone復合結構動名詞名詞全部格、形容詞性物主代詞+動名詞不定式forsb./sth.todo2.非謂語動詞的句法功能主語賓語補語表語定語狀語不定式??????動名詞????分詞????練習：寫出句中黑體部分在句中所作的成分1、Beingabletohaveaccesstodigitalpaymentissuchaconvenienceforusinthemodernage.2、Ourparentstellusthattheymisstheagewhentheyswamcatchingfishinthepondoftheirvillage.3、Facedwithmuchtrouble，PresidentXiJinpingismakinggreateffortstoleadustoaharmoniousdream.4、WhenIcamein，thecryingboypretendedtobesleepingonthesofa.5、Withthe5Garecoming，weshouldprepareourselvesfortherapidlydevelopingsociety.6、ThenewGaokaoreformcanmakeeveryteenagerfeelprettyambitiousforanidealfuture.7、Afterbeingovercome，thetroubleseemslikesuchatinystone.8、Embarrassedandshameful，thelittleJapaneseslippedquicklyintothecrowd.9、Tobeadmittedbyakeyuniversity，everyteenagerismanagingtofulfillhistasks.10、MaYunhavingretiredfromAlibaba，manystaffmembersaretryingtoadapttothenewworkatmosphere.答案:1、主語2、伴隨狀語3、時間狀語4、賓語5、賓語補足語6、賓語補足語7、賓語8、伴隨狀語9、目的狀語10、獨立主格結構作狀語二、非謂語動詞作賓語1.下列動詞一般用不定式作賓語口訣說明例句決心學會想希望decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wishShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.當我經(jīng)過時，她假裝沒望見我。Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.我們約好了在此地見面，但是她到現(xiàn)在還沒有露面。拒絕設法愿假裝refuse,manage,care,pretend主動答應選安排offer,promisechoose,plan同意懇求幫一幫agree,ask/beg,help此外，afford,strive,happen(碰巧)，wait,threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。2.下列動詞或詞組一般用動名詞作賓語口訣對應動詞（詞組）例句考慮建議盼寬恕consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardonThesquirrelswereluckythattheyjustmissedbeingcaught.松鼠們很幸運沒有被抓住。Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.我對你今日下午回電話表示感謝。IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.我?guī)缀醪荒芟胂蟊说迷谖逄熘畠葯M渡大西洋。Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview，forhecouldn'trisklosingthegoodopportunity.他為這次工作面試做了充分準備，因為他不能冒失去這次好機會的風險。承認推遲沒得想admit，delay/putoff，fancy（想象，設想）避開錯過接著練avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice否認完成就觀賞deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒險forbid，imagine，risk不禁介意準逃亡can'thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape留意：allow，permit，forbid，advise，consider后需加動名詞作賓語，但假如后面出名詞或代詞作竇語，則用不定式作賓補。搭配：allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider+doingsth.(動名詞作賓語)/sb.todosth(不定式作賓補)例句：Wedon'tallowsmokinginthehall.我們不準有人在大廳內吸煙。Smokingisforbiddenherebutyouareallowedtosmokeoverthere.這里禁止吸煙，但你可以去那里吸。3.作介詞的賓語無論是一般介詞還是含介詞的動詞短語，一般狀況下要用動名詞作賓語。例：Ifyouinsistondoingsomething，doiteveryday.假如你堅持做某件事，那就每天做。留意：to既可以作介詞，又可以作不定式符號，因此要牢記含介詞to的常用短語。to作介詞的短語（to后+doing）：beusedto（習慣于）beaccustomedto（習慣于）beopposedto（反對）objectto（反對）leadto（導致）bedevotedto（獻身于）comecloseto（差點）stickto（堅持，堅守）getdownto（起先）payattentionto（留意）reducesb./sth.to（使淪落）例：Heisusedtogettingupearly.他習慣了很早起床。Heartfailurecansometimesleadtobeingkilled.心力衰竭有時可能會導致死亡。IwassoangrythatIcameclosetohittinghim.我如此生氣以至于差點兒打他。Hewasreducedtobegginginthestreets.他淪落到沿街乞討。4.下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)分。1）remember+todosth.記著要做某事（do后于remember）+doingsth.記得做過某事（do先于remember）例：Remembertolockthedoor.記得鎖門。Irememberlockingthedoor.我記得把門鎖上了。2）forget+todosth.遺忘要做某事（do后于forget）+doingsth.遺忘做過某事（do先于forget）3)regret+tosay/tell/inform...缺憾地說/告知/通知……（say/tell/inform后于regret）+doingsth.懊悔做過某事（do先于regret）4）stop+todosth.停下來做另外一件事+doingsth.停下正在做的事例：Istoppeddiggingandlookedathim.我停止挖，看著他。Hestoppedtolookathim.他停下來看著他。5）try+todosth.盡力做某事+doingsth.試著做某事例：Trydoingmoreexerciseandyouwillloseweight.試著多運動，你就會減肥了。Iwilltrytoimprovemyhabit.我將盡力改進我的習慣。6）mean+todosth.準備做某事+doingsth.意味著做某事例：Raisingsalarymeansincreasingpurchasingpower.漲工資意味著提高購買力。Hedidn'tmeantohurtyou.他并沒準備損害你。7）can’thelp+todosth.不能幫助做某事+doingsth.不由自主做某事例：Shecouldn'thelpburstingintotears.她禁不住突然大哭起來。Thatcan'thelptoimproveyourEnglish.那對你提高英語水平?jīng)]有幫助。5.有些動詞既可以用動名詞也可用不定式作賓語，但用法不同。1）sb.need(s)/want(s)+todosthsth.need(s)/want(s)+doing/tobedone例：Heneedstoleaveatonce.他須要馬上離開。Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.這扇窗戶須要擦一下。2)sth.require(s)+doing/tobedone3)deserve+doing/tobedone4)beworthy+tobedone/ofbeingdone5)beworthdoing例：Theplaceisworthvisiting.=Theplaceisworthytobevisited.=Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.這個地方值得參觀。6.動詞不定式在連詞but后面時，假如連詞之前有行為動詞do的某種形式，那么連詞后的不定式不帶to,否則就要帶to。例：1、Wecoulddonothingbutwait.=Wehadnothingtodobutwait.我們除了等待，什么也做不了。2、Wehadnochoicebuttowait.我們除了等待，別無選擇。練習：用所給詞的適當形式填空1、Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen(hear),butI'mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.2、Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief(catch).3、Themaninsistedon(find)ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.4、AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek(watch)TV.5、Isn'tittimeyougotdownto(mark)thepapers?6、Oh,mygod,Ididn'tmean(hurt)him!Iamsosorrynow.7、Mynewhouseneeds(decorate),forwewillmarrynextyear.8、Youdeserve(shoulder)suchanannoyingresultbecauseofyourcarelessness.9、Thepoorboycandonothingbut(study)hard.10、Iregret(state)thatyouarealllateforthemeeting.11、Wearedetermined(fulfill)ourdreamthatwewillgotoPekingUniversityforfurtherstudy.12、Wehavetoadmit(make)aseriouserrorbefore,forwearefarbehindatpresent.13、Anycountrycan'tescape(punish)ifitattemptstodestroytheinterestsofothercountries.14、Whenatschool,teachersaresuretoforbidus(go)outtothedowntownalone.15、Don'tmentionitanymore!Asyouknow,wehavealreadybeenaccustomedto(live)intheschooldormitory.16、Now,itnotonlydevotesitselfto(sell)books,butcombinesthefunctionsofthebookstore,caféandthesaleofcreativeculturalproducts.17、Butifyoudofinditdifficult(fall)asleepatnight,thenyoushouldavoidnapsandtrytobuilduphealthysleepinessintheevening.18、Paststudieshaveshownalinkbetweensleepinglessandweighingmore,butscientistshavehaddifficulty(determine)"whichcamefirst,thechickenortheegg?"saysJuliefromtheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.19、Itisapartof(become)anindependentman.20、Inmymind,they'rehelpingustobecomecalmandconsider(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.答案：1.tohaveheard2.beingcaught3.finding4.watching5.marking6.tohurt7.tobedecorated/decorating8.shouldering/toshoulder9.study10.tostate11.tofulfill12.havingmade13.beingpunished/punishment14.togo15.living16.selling17.tofall18.determining19.becoming20.winning三、非謂語動詞作定語1.不定式作定語1）當名詞被序數(shù)詞或theonly，theright等修飾，且該名詞是作定語的非謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者時，用不定式主動形式作定語。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一位在奧運會上獲得金牌的女性。Hewastheonlyonetosurvivetheplanecrash.他是這次飛機失事中唯一的生還者。2）有些名詞的同源動詞常跟不定式作賓語，而這些名詞也常跟不定式作定語，常見的有：wish，decision，refusal，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，failure，attempt，offer，warning等。例句：1、Idon'ttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.我不信任他來訪的諾言。=Hepromisedtocomeforavisit.2、Hesaidhehadnoplanstogothere.他說他沒有要去那里的安排。=Hedidn'tplantogothere.3、Hemadeanattempttostandup.他試圖站起來。=Heattemptedtostandup.3）有些名詞的同源形容詞常跟不定式作狀語，而這些名詞也常跟不定式作定語，常見的有：ability，anxiety，eagerness，willingness，readiness，patience，obligation，determination等。例句：Hiseagernesstogetbackhomewasquiteobvious.很明顯他急于回家。vsHewaseagertogetbackhome.他急于回家。Agoodteachermusthavetheabilitytomakehimselfunderstood.一個好老師必需有把自己的學問講明白的實力。vsHeisabletomakehimselfunderstood.他有實力把自己的學問講明白。4）有些名詞常用不定式作定語說明其內容，它們是：chance，opportunity，reason，way，effort，measure，movement，power，right，skill，strength，struggle，idea等不定式可以換成of+doing。例：Hehasastrangewaytomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.Hehasastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.他有一個驚奇的方法使他的課既生動又好玩。5）中心詞是作定語的不定式的動作的執(zhí)行者，動詞不定式所表示的動作一般后于謂語動詞或在將來發(fā)生。Hehadnophotographstoremindhimofthepast.他沒有照片來使他回顧過去的事情。（remind后于had）Isthereanybodytocarryonthework？有人要接著這項工作嗎？（tocarryon表示將來）6）havesth.todo與havesth.tobedone的區(qū)分相同處：都有“有…要做”的意思，不定式必需是及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語。區(qū)分：1）havesth.todo句型中，todo的執(zhí)行者是句子的主語。例：Ihavealettertopost，soIcan'tgoswimmingwithyou.我有一封信要寄出，因此我不能和你一起去游泳。Shehasalotofthingstoattendto.她有很多事情要處理。2）havesth.tobedone句型中，tobedone的執(zhí)行者不是主語而是另有其人。例：Ihavealettertobeposted.Canyouhelpme？我有一封信想讓別人替我寄出去，你能幫我一下嗎？“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed？”askedthemaid.女仆問：“您有衣服要洗嗎？”留意：作定語的不定式假如是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面需有相應的介詞。例：TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.布朗一家有一幢舒適的房子可以居住。Doyouhaveacuptodrinkwaterwith？你有用來喝水的杯子嗎？但是，不定式所修飾的名詞假如是time，place或way時，不定式后面的介詞習慣上省去。例：Hehadnoplacetolive.他沒有地方住。練習：1、Theymadeadecision(put)offthemeetinguntilnextweek.2、Thereisnoneed(build)adamonthesmallriver.3、Hereagerness(work)willpleasetheboss.4、Iwanttobuyabrushtopaint.答案：1、toput2、tobuild3、towork4、with2.分詞作定語1）及物動詞分詞形式作定語形式用法例句v.ing被修飾的名詞與非謂語動詞為邏輯上的主動關系，v.-ing形式表示被修飾詞的特征Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.我從未看過更動人的電影了。beingdone被修飾的名詞與非謂語動詞為被動關系且表示動作正在進行Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.正在建的那些房子是為老師建的。done被修飾的名詞與非謂語動詞為被動關系，表示動作已經(jīng)完成或表狀態(tài)“Thingslostnevercomeagain！”Icouldn'thelptalkingtomyself.我不禁自言自語道：“失去的東西不會再來！”2）不及物動詞分詞形式作定語v.ing表示動作正在進行過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成例：boilingwater正沸騰的水vsboiledwater白開水fallingleaves正在下落的葉子vsfallenleaves落葉developingcountries發(fā)展中國家vsdevelopedcountries發(fā)達國家3）英語中有些表示感覺的動詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示“令人……的”，過去分詞形式表示“感到……的”。anexcitingvoice令人興奮的聲音vsanexcitedvoice興奮的聲音apuzzlingexpression令人困惑的表情vsapuzzledexpression困惑的表情3.動名詞作定語動名詞作定語，用來說明被修飾詞的用途。例：afishingnet漁網(wǎng)（=anetforfishing）aswimmingpool游泳池（=apoolforswimming）4.tobedone,beingdone和done作定語的區(qū)分tobedone表被動、將來例：Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow'smeetingisveryimportant.明天在會上將要探討的問題特別重要。beingdone表被動、正在進行例：Listen！Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.聽！正唱著的這首歌特別受學生們的歡迎。done表被動、完成例：HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens？你讀過狄更斯寫的這部小說嗎？練習：用所給動詞的適當形式填空1、Therearestillmanyproblems（solve）beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.2、1amfondoftheplan(go)onatriptoHainannextmonth.3、Theflowers(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractvisitorstothebeautyofnature.4、Designateda"CityofDesign"byUNESCOin2008,ShenzhenwasthefirstcityinChina(present)anofficialstrategyaroundcreativedevelopment.5、However,ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway(practice)ourdebatingskills.6、Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain(catch)7、It's(amaze)newsthatwewillgoonaresearchcoursenextweekend.8、Thefellow(treat)bydoctorsisexactlymycousin.9、It'snecessarytodrink(boil)watereveryday,butfewpeoplecandrinkup(boil)waterinoneminute10、Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.11、Actually,itisquitenormalfortheaverageperson(live)inacitytoseethousandsofadseverysingleday.12、DuringtheXXIVOlympicWinterGameswhichwillbeheldbyBeijingin2024，therewillbequantitiesofpeople（watch）thesportsevents.13、Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor（say）whenthesupermarketwillopenagain.14、Online，manyofthemarguedthattheshow's（delay）transmissionbroketheirchildren'sconceptofpunctuality，andalsocriticizedthenon-commercialTVshowforsurrenderingtocommercialadvertisements.15.Over2，000delegates（代表）（choose）fromagroupofaround89millionpartymembersacrossthenationwillattendthe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.16.TheXiong'anNewArea，（locate）tothesouthwestofBeijing，coversanareaofabout2，000squarekilometers.答案：1、tobesolved2、togo3、smelling4、topresent5、topractice6、tocatch7、amazing8、beingtreated9、boiled；boiling10、designed11、living12、watching13、saying14、delayed15、chosen16、located四、非謂語動詞作主語、表語1.不定式、動名詞作主語、表語的區(qū)分1）不定式：表示詳細的動作，尤其是某一次的動作。常見表達：It+be+名詞todosthIttakes/tooksb.+sometimetodosthItbedifficult/easy/importantv/impossible/necessary…+forsb.todosthIt+be+careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/stupid/wise...+ofsb.todosth例：Yourtasktodayistowashthecurtains.你今日的任務是洗窗簾。2）動名詞：多指抽象的、概念性的動作，可以是多次的、常常性的行為常見表達：Itis/was+nouse/good+doingsthItis/was+notanyuse/good+doingsthItis/was+oflittleuse/good+doingsthItis/was+worth+doingsth例：Hisfavoritesportisswimming.他最喜愛的運動是游泳。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火會很危急。4.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)分1）現(xiàn)在分詞表特征，意為“令人……的”例：Thefilmisexciting.這部電影激烈人心。2）過去分詞表心理狀態(tài)，意為“（人）感到……的”例：Hewasexcitedatthenews.聽到這則消息，他激烈不已。5.非謂語動詞作remain的表語主語+remaindonedoing/done意為：仍舊是（remain=bestill…）主語+remainbedone意為：仍需被做例：Sheremainedstanding（=wasstillstanding）thoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.雖然我們三番五次地請她坐下，但她還是站著。Thetrueauthorofthebookremainsunknown（=isstillunknown）這本書真正的作者依舊不詳。Muchremainstobedone.很多事仍需去做。練習：用所給動詞的適當形式填空1、Itisnouse（cry）overspiltmilk.2、Firstofall，（become）awareofwhatcausesyourworrywillhelptoreducethestress.3、Wetakecareofpatientsofallages.Thereisnotypeofinjury，medicalorsurgicalconditionthatwearenot（equip）tocarefor.4、Alifeburdenedwithworkleadsyounowhere，foryouwillgettiredand（bore）withyourdailyroutinework.5、Aswellastheweather，therelaxingatmosphereandnightlifearevery（appeal）.6、___（use）mobilephonesfortoolongtendstomakeuspassiveandignorephysicalexercise，whichwillcauseobesityandpooreyesight.7、Hisnewideawas（make）theshellshapeontheroofintotheshapeofaball.8、Theymayfeel（leave）out.9、Therobotis（equip）withspeakers，microphonesandcameras，whichmakescommunicationeasier.答案：1、crying2、becoming3、equipped4、bored5、appealing6、Using7、tomake8、left9、equipped五、非謂語動詞作狀語1.不定式、分詞作狀語的基本原則不定式、分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必需與句子的主語保持一樣，即不定式、分詞作狀語，必需和句子的主語存在邏輯上的主動或被動關系，否則一般不能運用不定式、分詞作狀語。2.不定式作狀語1）不定式作目的狀語形式位置例句to+動詞原形句首，句中Inorderto/Tomakeastudyofkangaroos，hewenttoAustralia.為了探討袋鼠，他去了澳大利亞。HermotherplanstoflytoBeijingatleastfourtimesayearsoasto/inorderto/tovisither.她母親安排每年至少四次飛到北京去看她。inorderto+動詞原形句首，句中soasto+動詞原形句中2）不定式作結果狀語形式意思例句to+動詞原形結果……WhathaveIdonetooffendyou？我做什么了結果把你冒犯了？onlyto+動詞原形結果卻……（表示意外的或事與愿違的結果）Janehurriedbackonlytofindthathermotherhadleft.簡匆忙趕回來，結果卻發(fā)覺她的母親已經(jīng)離開了。so+形容詞或副詞+asto+動詞原形如此……以至于I'mnotsostupid（afool）astowriteitdown.我不至于愚蠢到把它寫下來。such+名詞+asto+動詞原形如此……以至于Itwassuchaloudnoiseastowakeeveryoneinthehouse.聲音很大，屋里的全部人都被吵醒了。…enoughto+動詞原形足夠……能……Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.他足夠大，可以參軍了。too...to+動詞原形太……而不能……I'mtootiredtostayupanylonger.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。3）不定式作緣由狀語用法：形容詞作表語時，后面可接不定式作緣由狀語，用以說明產(chǎn)生這種心情的緣由。常用詞：happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased例：YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastoseeheryesterday.你恒久不會知道昨天看到她時，我是多么興奮。4）不定式的主動形式表被動意義用法：在“主語+系動詞+表語（形容詞）+todo”結構中，句子的主語與動詞不定式有邏輯上的被動關系，且形容詞表示主語的特征或性質，這時，需用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。常用詞：easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous例：Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.這個問題簡單回答。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.這本書很難理解。3.分詞作狀語時其形式的選擇1)分詞作狀語時其形式的選擇形式意義v.ing(doing)與句子主語為邏輯上的主動關系，與句子謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，或基本上同時發(fā)生having+v.ed(havingdone)與句子主語為邏輯上的主動關系，先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生v.ed(done)與句子主語為邏輯上的被動關系，表完成being+v.ed(beingdone)與句子主語為邏輯上的被動關系，且與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生havingbeen+v.ed(havingbeendone)與句子主語為邏輯上的被動關系，且先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生2）分詞作狀語的句法功能句法功能例句時間狀語Whenofferedhelp，oneoftensays"Thankyou"or"It'skindofyou".當被供應幫助的時候，人們常說"Thankyou"或"It'skindofyou".緣由狀語Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyanimalsandplantsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.和其他大陸分別了數(shù)百萬年，澳大利亞有很多在世界上任何別的國家都找不到的動植物。條件狀語Generallyspeaking，iftakenaccordingtotheinstructions，thedrughasnosideeffects.一股來說，假如依據(jù)用法說明服用，這種藥沒有副作用。結果狀語Heglancedather，noticingthatthoughshewastiny，sheseemedverywell.他匆忙看了一下她，留意到她雖然很纖弱，但看起來特別健康。讓步狀語Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.雖然被告知過好多次了，但他仍舊重復犯同樣的錯誤。伴隨狀語Theteachercameintothelab，followedbysomestudents.老師進了試驗室，后面跟著一些學生。4.獨立成分作狀語定義：有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下