2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語課時素養(yǎng)評價八Unit3FasterhigherstrongerDevelopingideas含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGE九Unit3DevelopingideasⅠ.單句語法填空1.Thosewholiedandcheated(cheat)wouldnevergetawaywithit.2.Afterseveralmonths’devotion,remarkable(remark)economicresultshavebeenachieved.3.Defoevividly(vivid)narratedtheadventuresofRobinsonCrusoeonhisdesertisland.4.Fastasyoudo,youcan’tfinishtheassignment(assign)intwohours.5.Nevercorneranopponent(oppose),andalwaysassisthimtosavehisface.6.Intheend,thehardwareandsoftwaresystemsaredesigned,andthesoftwareispreliminarily(preliminary)tested.7.Sometimesafewwordsofcomforttotheonewhohasjustfailedmayencouragehimtostandupandeventrytomakeacomeback.8.Theyweredefeated(defeat)intheirattempttoreachthetopofthemountain.

9.Korea’scoachesdefendtheaction,sayingtheyhelpdevelopcourageandsteely(steel)nerves.10.Withtimeflying,thereisatendencytowardsregionalcooperation(cooperate).Ⅱ.選詞填空gowild,upsanddowns,thanksto,fightone’sway,divefor,lessthan,catchupwith,setofffor,burstout,payoff1.Itislessthanamiletothebeach.

2.IfightmywaytolearnEnglishwell.

3.Weareboundtoseesomeupsanddownsalongtheroadtorecovery.

4.Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain,you’dbettersetoffforthestationimmediately.

5.We’lldoourbesttocatchupwiththeadvancedworldlevels.

6.Thethiefmadeadiveforthedoor,butthedeskwasinhisway.

7.ItmakesMarygowildtohearMichaelJacksonsing.

8.ThankstotheEnglishlanguage,wecanlearnalotfromothercountries.

9.Whensheheardaboutthenewsthatherfatherhaddied,sheburstoutcrying.

10.Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyoureffortwillpayoffintime.

Ⅰ.閱讀理解Thirteenyearsago,thePlanetEarthwildlifedocumentarytookusallonanamazingjourney.Wewentfromdeeprainforeststothebottomoftheocean.Nowanewone,OurPlanet,willletusseedifferentanimalsandtheinfluenceofhumansonthenaturalworld.Thedocumentarycovers50countriesandareas.Ittookmorethanfouryearstoproduceit.Withthelatest4Kvideotechnology,theshowallowspeopleawonderfulnewlookatnature.“Peoplearegivenachancetobettergetthemselvesintothelivesoftheanimals,”saidFothergill,oneoftheshow’sproducers.BesidesshowingEarth’sbeauty,thedocumentaryalsotalksabouttheplanet’sclimateconditions.“OurPlanetisheretosay,’Theplanetisdying,andwe’rekillingit.’”Fothergillsaid.Inonesadscene,hundredsofwalruses(海象),half-blindwhenoutofthewater,falldownarockandsufferapainfuldeathonthebeachbelow.Itshowshowtheclimateconditionshaveinfluencedtheirnaturalhabitatandexplainswhythey’vebeenforcedtofindthesafeplaceontherocks.Butthedocumentaryisnotallaboutsadness.Italsotalksaboutsuccessstories,suchastheonesoftigers.Theseanimalsaresavedandlivehappilythankstointernationalagreementsonenvironmentalprotection.Askingmorepeopletotakeactioninprotectingourplanetisthefinalgoalofthenewdocumentary.Whatwedointhenext20yearswilldecidethefutureofalllifeonEarth.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了《我們的星球》這部紀(jì)錄片的制作、內(nèi)容和目標(biāo)。1.What’sthedocumentaryOurPlanetabout?A.Therelationshipbetweentheclimateconditionshumanactivities.B.Differentanimalsandtheinfluenceofhumansonthenaturalworld.C.Thelivingconditionsofwalrusesandtigers.D.Thebeautyandcustomsof50countriesandareas.【解析】選B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第三句“Nowanewone,OurPlanet,willletusseedifferentanimalsandtheinfluenceofhumansonthenaturalworld.”可知,如今一部新的紀(jì)錄片,《我們的星球》,會讓我們看到不同的動物及人類對自然界產(chǎn)生的影響,故選B項。2.What’sthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toexplainwhatourgoalisinthefuture.B.Tocallformorepeopletoprotectourplanet.C.Totellushowtheclimateconditionsinfluenceanimals.D.Tointroduceinternationalagreementsonenvironmentalprotection.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。最終一段提到“讓更多人實(shí)行行動愛護(hù)我們的星球是這部新紀(jì)錄片的最終目標(biāo)。我們在接下來的20年所做的事情將確定地球上全部生命的將來”,由此可推知,本段通過介紹紀(jì)錄片的最終目標(biāo)來呼吁更多人實(shí)行行動愛護(hù)地球。故選B。3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Ittookalotoftimeandeffortstomakethedocumentary.B.Thedocumentaryispopularinmanycountriesandareas.C.Weshouldhaveanewlookattheenvironmentalprotection.D.Ourgoalinthefutureisgettingalongwellwithanimals.【解析】選A。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終兩句“Thedocumentarycovers50countriesandareas.Ittookmorethanfouryearstoproduceit.(這部紀(jì)錄片涉及50個國家和地區(qū)?；ㄙM(fèi)超過四年的時間來制作)”可知,制作這部紀(jì)錄片花費(fèi)了許多時間和努力。故選A。4.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Anovel. B.Adictionary.C.Astorybook. D.Anewspaper.【解析】選D。推理推斷題。通讀全文,并結(jié)合第一段中“Nowanewone,OurPlanet,willletusseedifferentanimalsandtheinfluenceofhumansonthenaturalworld.(如今另外一部紀(jì)錄片,《我們的星球》,會讓我們看到不同的動物及人類對自然界產(chǎn)生的影響)”可知,本文主要介紹了一部關(guān)于動物和人類與自然關(guān)系的紀(jì)錄片,可能來自報紙。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀填句依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Lifeisjustlikeabox.Insideitarehappinessandsorrow,failureandsuccess,hopeanddespair.Lifeisalearningprocess.Experiencesinitteachusnewlessonsandmakeusabetterperson.LoveLoveplaysakeyroleinourlife.Lovemakesyoufeelwanted.Withoutloveapersoncouldbecomecruelandviolent.Intheearlystageofourlife,ourparentsaretheoneswhoshowuswithunconditionalloveandcare.Theytelluswhatisrightorwrong,goodorbad.1.Itisonlyaftermarriageandhavingkidsthatapersonunderstandsandbecomessensitivetothefeelingsofothers.Kidsmakeapersonresponsibleandmatureandhelpustounderstandlifebetter.

HappinessandSorrowMaterialistichappinessisshort-lived,buthappinessachievedbybringingasmileonothersgivesacertainleveloffulfillment.2.Nomindishappywithoutpeace.Werealizethetrueworthofhappinesswhenweareinsorrow.Sorrowisbasicallyduetodeathofalovedone,failureanddespair.Butthesethingsaretemporaryandpassaway.

FailureandSuccess3.Ithelpsustotouchthesky,teachesustosurviveandshowsusaspecificway.

HopeandDespairHopeiswhatkeepslifegoing.Parentsalwayshopetheirchildrenwilldowell.Hopemakesusdream.Hopebuildsinpatience.4,becauseaftereverynightthereisaday.Nothingremainsthesame.Wehaveonlyonechoice—keepmovingoninlifeandbehopeful.

Lifeteachesusnottoregretoveryesterday,forithaspassedandisbeyondourcontrol.Tomorrowisunknown,foritcouldeitherbebrightordull.5,sothatwewillenjoyabettertomorrow.

A.Solet’senjoyeverydayB.FailureisthepathtosuccessC.SuccessliesintrustingyourselfD.ButwealwaystendtotakethisforgrantedE.PeaceofmindisthemainlinktohappinessF.SotheonlyalternativeisworkinghardtodayG.Lifeteachesusnottodespaireveninthedarkesthour【文章大意】本文是說明文。介紹了生活就像一個盒子,里面充溢了愛、華蜜哀痛、勝利失敗和希望悲觀。通過分別介紹這些話題,告知我們?nèi)松恼芾怼?.【解析】選D。段中題?？疾樯舷戮涞倪壿嬯P(guān)系。設(shè)空處上文提到“父母給我們無條件的愛,告知我們對或錯,”選項D意思是“可我們總是把這一切想當(dāng)然”,與上句話形成邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。另外該選項與下句話“只有在結(jié)婚有了自己的孩子之后才明白他人的情感”相照應(yīng)。故選D。2.【解析】選E。段中題。設(shè)空處后面提到“沒有安靜,思想就無法快樂”。設(shè)空處須要引領(lǐng)后面的意群,E項提到“思想的安靜是華蜜的主要聯(lián)系”是對這個意群的總結(jié)。而且,選項中的peace就是信息詞。故選E。3.【解析】選B。段首題。設(shè)空處位于該段開頭,屬主旨大意類型的題目。該段的小標(biāo)題是FailureandSuccess,選項B的意思是“失敗是勝利之路”與此相互印證。另外,設(shè)空處后面的It與選項B中的Failure指代一樣,故選B。4.【解析】選G。段中題。該段主要講生活中要充溢希望。設(shè)空處上文已經(jīng)提到了這個論點(diǎn)。設(shè)空處后面的because是個信息詞。而且because緣由狀語從句中的night和選項G中的darkest指代一樣。后面的hopeful和G項中的nottodespair意義一樣。故選G。5.【解析】選F。段中題。設(shè)空處位于文章最終一段,是對全文的一個總結(jié)。設(shè)空處前面提到“生活教給我們遺忘昨天,明天是光明還是黑暗還未可知”,F項“唯一的選擇是今日努力工作”與此有邏輯上的承接關(guān)系。設(shè)空處后面的sothat也是對此的一個補(bǔ)充說明。故選F。Ⅲ.語法填空Wastingfoodhasbecomeabigprobleminthedevelopedworld.Whilesomepeopletherethrowawayunwantedfood,peopleinother1._________(part)oftheworldfacefoodshortages.It’san2._________(astonish)factthatathirdoftheworld’sfoodiswastedeachyear,whichisenough3._________(feed)abillionhungrypeople.Mostofthewastedfood4._________(bury)inthelandfillsites.5._________(lucky),thiscausesgreenhousegaseswhicheventuallyleadtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.InDenmark,awomancalledSelinaJuulhasbeenworkinghardtodealwith6._________problem.Shethinkspeopleshouldn’twastefood,7._________richtheyare.Shepersuadedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheirgoods8._________(tie)togethersothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Also,sheproducedaleftoverscookbookandsetupaneducationprograminschools,9._________foodwastewasrathercommon.Nowtheeffectsarequitenoticeable.Clearly,weneedtothinktwicewhenweputsomethinginourshoppingbasket,andweshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—useupourleftoversorevenshareourextrafood10._________ourfriendsandneighbors.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白奢侈食物已經(jīng)成為發(fā)達(dá)國家的一個大問題。在丹麥,一個名為SelinaJuul的婦女始終在努力解決這個問題。1.【解析】parts?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。part為可數(shù)名詞,此處表示“世界其他地區(qū)”應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填parts。2.【解析】astonishing?？疾樾稳菰~。修飾后文名詞fact應(yīng)用-ing結(jié)尾形容詞astonishing,作定語,表示“令人驚異的”。故填astonishing。3.【解析】tofeed?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意:令人震驚的是,每年世界上三分之一的食物被奢侈,這些食物足夠養(yǎng)活10億饑餓的人。結(jié)合句意表示“足夠做某事”短語為beenoughtodosth.。故填tofeed。4.【解析】isburied?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一樣。主語food與bury之間是被動關(guān)系,且陳述客觀事實(shí)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語為Mostofthewastedfood,可知“mostofthe+單數(shù)名詞”,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。故填isburied。5.【解析】Unluckily?？疾楦痹~。修飾后文整個句子應(yīng)用副詞unluckily,作狀語,表示“不幸的是”。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Unluckily。6.【解析】the?？疾楣谠~。此處特指上文中提到的食物奢侈的問題,故problem前要用定冠詞the。故填the。7.【解析】however?？疾檫B接詞。句意:她認(rèn)為無論他們多么富有,都不應(yīng)當(dāng)奢侈食物。此處為讓步狀語從句,表示“無論多么”應(yīng)用however引導(dǎo)。故填however。8.【解析】tied。考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知tie在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語goods構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填tied。9.【解析】where。考查定語從句。此處為非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞schools,且先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。10.【解析】with?？疾榻樵~。句意:明顯,當(dāng)我們把東西放進(jìn)購物籃時,我們須要三思而后行,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用我們所擁有的食物——吃光我們的剩菜,甚至與我們的摯友和鄰居共享我們多余的食物。結(jié)合句意表示“與……共享”短語為sharesth.withsb.。故填with。Ⅰ.閱讀填句Wordshavethepowertobuildusuportearusdown.Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromourselvesorsomeoneelse.Thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting.Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.1Infact,wereallyshouldn’tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.This“self-talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.2Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutusthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.3Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.However,criticallanguagemaycauseangeranddefense.

Wordspossesspowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffect.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Werememberunkindwordssaidtousaswell.Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:4Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid.

5Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteemandmotivateotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.

Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?Thechoiceisours.A.Isitloving?B.Howshouldsayit?C.We’reusuallytooembarrassedtoadmitit,though.D.Generallypeoplelikepositiveandpleasantwords.E.Wordspossesspower:bothpositiveandnegative.F.Soweshouldonlyspeakencouragingwordstoourselves.G.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了語言的力氣。主動的語言可以激勵我們,消極的語言會摧毀我們。1.【解析】選C。前文Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.與C.We’reusuallytooembarrassedtoadmitit,though.承接自然,選項中的it指代前面的內(nèi)容,即“我們?nèi)咳硕紩r時常自言自語”,故選C。2.【解析】選F。前文Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.與F.Soweshouldonlyspeakencouragingwordstoourselves.承接自然,前后句構(gòu)成明顯的因果關(guān)系,negative和encouraging是關(guān)鍵詞,故選F。3.【解析】選G。依據(jù)空格前面“我們說出的話沒有思索過它帶來的影響”和后文Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.與G.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.承接自然,前后是兩種對比的狀況,且構(gòu)成明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,friendly和critical是關(guān)鍵詞,故選G。4.【解析】選A。前文Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves.與A.Isitloving?承接自然,前文提出“問自己”,下文給出問題,故選A。5.【解析】選E。后文Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteemandmotivateotherstodotheirbest.與E.Wordspossesspower:bothpositiveandnegative.承接自然,后部分分別陳述主動話語和消極話語的兩種狀況,故選E。Ⅱ.閱讀理解WiththeCOVID-19virussweepingtheglobe,thescienceonquittingsmokingofferswelcomenewsforsmokerswhowanttobuilduptheirdefensesincasetheycontractthevirus.Thoughitmaystilltakemanymonthsforasmoker’slungstohealfromdamagecausedbylong-termsmoking,yourhealthcannoticeablyimproveinthedaysandweeksafterquittinginwaysthatcouldmakeadifferenceagainstthevirus.COVID-19createsanaddedsenseofurgency,andthere’senoughreasontobelievethatquittingsmokingduringthepandemic(流行病)couldincreaseyouropportunitiesoffightingoffthevirus.Ifyoumakethedecisiontoquit,thecilia(纖毛)inyourlungsareoneofthefirstpartsofyourbodytoheal.Thesehair-likeprojectionswavebackandforthlikeabrushasairmovesinandoutofyourlungs.Theyhelpyourbodyfightoffcoldsandinfection.Theyalsohelpclearmucus(黏液),soifthey’renotfunctioningaswellastheyshould,mucuscanbuildupinthelungs.Yourbody’stendencytocoughduringaninfectionhelpsinspirethebodilyprocessofclearingoutmucus.That’svitalinfightingtheCOVID-19condition.Theelderlyareatagreaterriskfortoomuchlungfluidthatoftenlimitsbreathingfollowingcoronavirusinfectionbecausetheydon’thaveastrongenoughcoughtoclearitup.Asecondshort-termgainfromquittingsmokingcomesfromreducingongoinginflammation(炎癥)inyourbody,whichcanmakeyouinfectCOVID-19moreeasily.Havingyourlungsinasgoodofshapeasyoucanincaseofacoronavirusinfectioniskey.Besideslung-relatedissues,quittingsmokingcanalsodeliverhealthybenefitstotheheartthatcouldhelppreventpossibleheartattacks,whichareanothercauseofdeathinCOVID-19cases.Afteryouquitsmoking,yourbloodbecomesthinnerandlesspossibletosetting.Heartattacksarelesslikely.Onereasonthishappensisbecausesmokingmakesitharderforthehearttodistributebloodthroughoutthebody.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了,戒煙有助于改善肺部功能以抵擋新冠病毒的侵襲。1.Whatistheuseofthelungcilia?A.Cle