安徽省六安市第一中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期質(zhì)量檢測（一）英語試題

六安一中2024屆高三年級質(zhì)量檢測卷英語試卷（一）時間：120分鐘總分：150分第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthewomanprobablyfrom?A.Peru.B.Britain.C.Mexico.2.Whatwillthemandotonight?AAttendaparty.B.Replytoaninvitation.C.Practisefootball.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofheroldroommate?A.Selfcentered.B.Considerate.C.Cautious.4.Whatshouldthecitydoaccordingtothewoman?A.Createmorejobs.B.Improvetheairquality.C.Closesomebusinesses.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirinsufficientsleep.B.Theirprettydormitory.C.Theunusualweather.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whattimeisitwhentheconversationhappens?A.At2:50pm.B.At3:20pm.C.Around3:10pm7.Whatdoesthewomanplantodowiththepaper?A.Tonotedownthesolareclipse（日食）.B.Tostopthebirdssinging.C.Toprotecthereyes.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Excited.B.Upset.C.Angry9.Whatdidthewomandowell?A.Drivinguphill.B.Makingturns.C.Parking10.Whydidthewomanhitacar?A.Shefailedtousethehandbrake.B.Shedidn'tturnherhead.C.Shedrovetoofast.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Wheredidthemanstartmakingpots?A.InIndia.B.InScotland.C.InAustria.12.Whydidthemantravelattheverybeginning?A.Topursuearomanticrelationship.B.Tofindoutwhathewasinterestedin.C.Tolearnhowtomakebeautifulpots.13.Whatcanbeknownaboutthemanafter1970?A.Hemadelargerobjectsformuseums.B.Heproducedobjectsfordomesticuse.C.Hefocusedonmakingsmallbowlsonly.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.WhoareGrigoriLup'sregularcustomers?A.Performers.B.Housewives.C.Businessmen.15.WhydidGrigoriLupmakesuchshoes?A.Toprotestagainsttherestrictions.B.Tomakepeoplekeepsocialdistance.C.Todrawattentionfromsocialmedia.16.WhathappenedafterGrigoriLuppostedpicturesonsocialmedia?A.Hewasteasedbyothershoemakers.B.Hegotsomeordersacrosstheworld.C.Hewasurgedtoproducedifferentstyles.17.HowlongdoesittakeGrigoriLuptomakesuchapairofshoes?A.Oneandahalfdays.B.Twodays.C.Threedays聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Thelocationofeachsession.B.Theavailabilityofcoolingsystem.C.Thearrangementfortheupingmeeting.19.Whatdoweknowabouttheconferenceprogram?A.Thenewversionhasbeensenttoattendees.B.Amajorpresenterhasquitduetotheheat.C.There'sachangeofplantosomesessions.20.Whatactivitycanpeopledothere?A.Havedrinkswiththemanagementbesidethepool.B.Haveaprivatelunchat11:30inthediningroom.C.Havefreesnacksservedalldayinthehotelcafe.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。AThesocialpurposeofthecopyrightsystemistoencouragecreativityandtheadvancementofknowledgebygivingthosewhomakeintellectual(智力的)contributionsa“uniquerighttotheirwritingsanddiscoveries”forlimitedtimes.Protectionisprovidedforamuchlongertimeforcopyrightsthanforpatents.TheU.S.CopyrightLawof1976providesatermorthelifetimeoftheauthorplus50years.Itrecognizesthatthevalueofwrittenworksoftenextendsoveralongertimethanthatoftechnologicaladvancesinthepublicarea.Itisessentialtoregisterforformalcopyrightprotectioninordertohavesomedegreeofprotectionagainstthecopyrightofone’sworksbyothers.Theprocedureforobtainingacopyrightregistrationisquitesimple—anapplicationissubmittedwithasmallfeeandtwocopiesofthework.Noexaminationismade,andthecopyrightisimmediatelyinforce.TheCopyrightOfficewillprovideonrequestavarietyofleaflets(小冊子)describingtheprocedureandgivinginformationabouttheclassesofsubjectmatterthatcanberegistered.Thosearesubjecttoprotection:(1)Booksandnewspapers(2)Lectures(3)Dramaticpositions(4)Films(5)Maps(6)Worksofant(7)Soundrecordings(8)Photographs(9)Printsandlabels(10)MusicalpositionsThosearenotsubjecttoprotection:(1)Ideas(2)Systems,methodsandplans(3)Governmentpublications(4)LawsandopinionsofcourtsYoucancontacttheCopyrightOffice()formoreinformation.1.Inwhichaspectdocopyrightsdifferfrompatents?A.Theapplicationfee. B.Thedurationofprotection.C.Theintellectualvalue. D.Thecontributiontosociety.2.Whichofthefollowingshouldyouprovideforcopyrightregistration?A.Copiesofyourwork. B.Photosofyourself.C.Introductoryleaflets. D.Examinationcertificates.3.Accordingtothetext,theCopyrightOfficemayreject______.A.amovieaboutanewmethodoftimetravelB.anoriginalmusicalpositionforchildrenC.abookaboutone’sopinionsonAmericanlawsD.anofficialdocumentissuedbythelocalcounty【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是版權(quán)制度，獲得版權(quán)注冊的程序和版權(quán)局接受和不接受的東西?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Protectionisprovidedforamuchlongertimeforcopyrightsthanforpatents.(版權(quán)的保護(hù)期比專利的保護(hù)期長得多。)”可知，版權(quán)和專利的保護(hù)期限不同，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theprocedureforobtainingacopyrightregistrationisquitesimple—anapplicationissubmittedwithasmallfeeandtwocopiesofthework.(獲得版權(quán)注冊的程序非常簡單——提交申請，只需支付少量費用和兩份作品副本。)”可知，你應(yīng)提供你作品的副本來作版權(quán)登記，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Thosearenotsubjecttoprotection:部分的“Governmentpublications(政府出版物)”可知，版權(quán)局可能會拒絕當(dāng)?shù)乜h政府發(fā)布的官方文件，故選D。BOnthedayhealmostdied,KimbalMuskhadfoodonthebrain.TheInternetstartuptalentandrestaurateurhadjustarrivedinJacksonHolefromaconferencewherechefJamieOliverhadspokenaboutthebenefitsofhealthyeating.ThiswassomethingMuskthoughtaboutalot—howhemightmakeadifferencetothefoodindustry—butbeyondexpandinghisfarmtotablemovementalongwithhisrestaurant,Muskhadn'tyetbrokenthecode.Thenhewentsailingdownasnowyslope(坡)andfellover,breakinghisneck.Theleftsideofhisbodywasparalyzed.Muskeventuallymadeafullrecovery,butitinvolvedspendingtwomonthsonhisback,whichgavehimplentyoftimetoeupwithaplan.Sincethen,hehaslaunchedaninitiativetoput"learninggardens"inpublicschoolsacrossAmerica;attractedGenerationZtothefarmingprofessionbychangingshippingcontainersintohightech,datadriven,yearroundfarms;andthisyear,iskickingoffanewcampaigntocreateonemillionathomegardens.Aimedatreachinglowinefamilies,theMillionGardensMovementwasinspiredbythepandemic,asbothadesiretofeelmoreconnectedtonatureandfoodinsecurityhavebeenattheforefrontofsomanypeople'slives."Weweregettingalotofinquiriesaboutgardeningfrompeoplethathadnevergardenedbefore,"saysMusk."Peoplewerelookingtogardenforabunchofreasons:tosupplementtheirbudget,toimprovethenutritionalqualityoftheirdiets,orjusttocuretheboredomthatcamewiththelockdown."Theprogramoffersfreegardenkitsthatcanbegrownindoorsoroutdoors,andwillbedistributedthroughschoolsthatMusk'snonprofit,BigGreen,hasalreadypartneredwith.Italsooffersfreecoursesonhowtogetthegardengrowingandfreshseedsandmaterialsforthechanginggrowingseasons."IgrewupintheprojectswhenIwasyoung,inwhatwenowcallfooddeserts,"saysEVE,oneofthemanycelebritieswhohaveteamedupwiththeorganizationtoencouragepeopletopickupafreegarden."WhatIloveaboutthisisthatit'snotdifficult.Weareallabletogrowsomething."4.WhatinspiredMusktobedevotedtofoodindustry?A.Anaccident. B.JamieOliver'sspeech.C.Thepandemic. D.Thefarmtotablemovement.5WhatcanwelearnabouttheMillionGardensMovement?A.Ithasjustacplisheditstarget.B.Itincreaseseconomicburdensforthepoor.C.Itmaybestimulatedbyalackoffoodsecurity.D.Ithasmainlyattractedstudentsinpublicschools.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMusk?A.Charitable. B.Dependable. C.Approachable. D.Knowledgeable.7.WhyisEVEtakenasanexample?A.Todemonstratetheprogramtobenonprofit.B.Tosharehisexperienceinafooddesert.CToencouragepeopletostartafreegarden.D.Toclarifythereasonwhyhelovesagarden.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Musk在受JamieOliver演講的啟發(fā)后，創(chuàng)立百萬個家庭花園，鼓勵和教授人們自己種植自己的食物，來讓自己吃的食物更健康?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“TheInternetstartuptalentandrestaurateurhadjustarrivedinJacksonHolefromaconferencewherechefJamieOliverhadspokenaboutthebenefitsofhealthyeating.ThiswassomethingMuskthoughtaboutalot—howhemightmakeadifferencetothefoodindustry（這位互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)業(yè)天才和餐館老板剛剛參加完JacksonHole的一個會議抵達(dá)JacksonHole，會上主廚JamieOliver談到了健康飲食的好處。這讓馬斯克思考了很多——他如何能對食品行業(yè)作出改變）”可知，Musk在參加完JamieOliver的演講之后開始考慮對食品行業(yè)作出改變，即受到了這個演講的啟發(fā)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Aimedatreachinglowinefamilies,theMillionGardensMovementwasinspiredbythepandemic,asbothadesiretofeelmoreconnectedtonatureandfoodinsecurityhavebeenattheforefrontofsomanypeople'slives.(旨在幫助低收入家庭，百萬花園運動受到疫情的啟發(fā)，因為許多人生活的首要問題是希望更多地與自然聯(lián)系，以及糧食不安全。)”可知，MillionGardensMovement可能是由于缺乏糧食安全而引起的。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Aimedatreachinglowinefamilies(旨在惠及低收入家庭)”可知Musk創(chuàng)立百萬花園運動主要針對低收入家庭；由文章最后一段的“Theprogramoffersfreegardenkitsthatcanbegrownindoorsoroutdoors(該計劃提供可以在室內(nèi)或室外種植的免費花園套件)”可知他免費給人們提供種植套件；“Italsooffersfreecourses(它還提供免費課程)”可知Musk的計劃還給人提供免費課程：綜上所述，可推知Musk是富有慈善意識的。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的““IgrewupintheprojectswhenIwasyoung,inwhatwenowcallfooddeserts,”saysEVE,oneofthemanycelebritieswhohaveteamedupwiththeorganizationtoencouragepeopletopickupafreegarden."WhatIloveaboutthisisthatit'snotdifficult.Weareallabletogrowsomething.”（“我小時候在這些項目中長大，我們現(xiàn)在稱之為食物沙漠，”伊芙說，她是許多名人之一，與該組織合作，鼓勵人們挑選一個免費的花園?！拔蚁矚g這個的原因是它并不難。我們都能種點東西?！保笨赏浦?，最后一段用EVE的例子是為了鼓勵人們開始免費的花園。故選C。CPeoplehaveetounderstandtheenormousimpactsbeneficialaswellasharmfulplasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚合物)scientistsmittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforrealworldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.Everydayitemsincludingmilkjug,grocerybags,andtakeoutcontainersaremadefromaclassofpolymerscalledpolyolefins.Theseplasticsarereallydurable(耐用)becausethechemicalbondsinthosepolymersareextremelystable.Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequireplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocksonesoftpolymerandonehardpolymerthatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.Sowewereabletocreatematerialswithsimilarpropertiesoftheplasticstheworldrelieson.Webelievethisworkisasteptowardmoresustainableplastics.8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyaboutconcerningplastics?A.Theirmultipleuses. B.Theirchemicalproperties.C.Theirrecyclingchallenges. D.Theirclassificationcriteria.9.Akeyfactorofproducingdiversemultiblockpolymersis______.A.mixingbuildingblockswithlongmoleculesB.integratingchemicalsintothetwopolymersC.biningtwodifferentmultiblockpolymersD.adjustingthepercentageofthetwopolymers10.Whichisafeatureofmultiblockpolymers?A.Theyaremadefromsustainablematerials.B.Theycanberecycledbyaddinghydrogen.C.Theirreliabilityoutperformstraditionalplastics.D.Theirpropertieschangewithroundsofrecycling.11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle?A.DesigningforRecycling B.ClassifyingPlasticWasteC.ReplacePlasticswithPolymers D.TechnologyCreatestheFuture【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了聚合物科學(xué)家如何致力于解決塑料廢物問題，通過重新設(shè)計聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)以實現(xiàn)其可回收性?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequireplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.(在一次性物品的世界中，耐用性不再是一個設(shè)計特征，而是一個設(shè)計缺陷。想象一下，如果今天使用的一半塑料可以通過兩倍于現(xiàn)在的過程進(jìn)行回收。此外，傳統(tǒng)的回收需要對所有收集到的材料進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的分類，這對于這么多不同的塑料來說是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。例如，將紙和金屬分開并不需要復(fù)雜的技術(shù)，但將一個容器和一個牛奶罐中不同的聚烯烴進(jìn)行分類卻很難做到?jīng)]有偶爾的錯誤。)”可知，文章第二段主要講述的是關(guān)于塑料回收的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocksonesoftpolymerandonehardpolymerthatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.(在2023年10月發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項研究中，我們描述了一系列聚合物，它們只有兩種基本成分——一種軟聚合物和一種硬聚合物——它們的行為像聚烯烴，但可以化學(xué)回收。將兩種不同的聚合物多次連接，直到它們形成一個單一的長分子，就形成了所謂的多嵌段聚合物。通過改變多嵌段聚合物中每種聚合物的含量，我們的團(tuán)隊生產(chǎn)出了各種各樣的材料，其性能涵蓋了所有類型的聚烯烴。)”可知，生產(chǎn)多種多嵌段聚合物的關(guān)鍵因素是調(diào)整兩種聚合物的含量。故選D。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.(使用相同的策略，但通過添加氫，我們可以將聚合物分離回它們的組成部分，并輕松地將它們分離出來再次使用。當(dāng)我們用這些回收塑料制成新的聚合物時，即使經(jīng)過幾輪化學(xué)回收，它們的性能也和原始材料一樣好。)”可知，多嵌段聚合物可以通過添加氫的方式被分離出來再次使用。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Peoplehaveetounderstandtheenormousimpactsbeneficialaswellasharmfulplasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚臺物)scientistsmittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforrealworldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.(人們已經(jīng)開始了解塑料對人類生活和環(huán)境的巨大影響，既有有益的，也有有害的。聚合物科學(xué)家致力于為現(xiàn)實世界的問題發(fā)明可持續(xù)的解決方案，我們開始通過重新思考聚合物的設(shè)計方式來解決塑料垃圾問題，這樣我們就可以制造出具有可回收性的塑料。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了聚合物科學(xué)家如何通過重新設(shè)計聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)來解決塑料廢物問題，以實現(xiàn)其可回收性。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了設(shè)計的重要性，并介紹了如何通過特殊的化學(xué)方法制造和回收一種新型的多嵌段聚合物。因此，最能概括文章主題的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是強(qiáng)調(diào)“設(shè)計”和“回收”這兩個關(guān)鍵詞的。故選A。DInrecentyears,aggressiononsocialmediahavebeemonplace.Morethanhalfofthevictimssaidtheydidn’tknowtheidentityoftheperpetrator(作惡者).Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(騷擾)behavior.Doesthisgrowingaggressiononsocialmediagiveusaglimpseofourrealhumannature?Areweatourcoreaggressivebeasts?It’struethathatecrimesareontherise,andpoliticaldivisionsappeartobegrowing.Thelevelofpublicbitternessespeciallyonlineissubstantial.ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.Asanevolutionaryanthropologist,Ihavespentyearsresearchingourtransformationasaspecies.Overthepasttwomillionyears,wehaveevolvedfromgroupsofapelikebeingsarmedwithsticksandstonestothecreatorsofcars,rockets,andnations.Ourbiggerbrainshaveallowedustobondandcooperateinmoreplexanddiversewaysthananyotheranimal.Meanwhile,“youarewhomyoumeet.”Howweperceive,experience,andactintheworldisshapedbywhoandwhatsurroundusonadailybasis.Thisprocesshasdeepevolutionaryrootsandgiveshumanswhatwecallasharedreality.Iwouldarguethattheriseinonlineaggressionisaproductofourevolutionarysocialskills,thesocialmediaboom,andthespecificpolitical,economicandsocialcontextwherewefindourselves.Thisexplosivebinationhasopenedupaspaceforincreasinglymorepeopletofantheflamesofaggressionandinsultonline.Aggressivebehaviorespeciallytothoseyoudon’thavetoconfrontfacetofaceiseasierthanit’severbeen.Andfortheaggressor,thereareoftennoconsequences.Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingprosocialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraphtworeferto?A.Hatecrimesontherise. B.Growingpoliticaldivisions.C.Considerableonlinebitterness. D.Thetransformationofhumans.13.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsocialmedia?A.Critical. B.Objective. C.Approving. D.Ironic.14.Whatdoestheauthorproposetoaddresstheissueofgrowingaggression?A.Embracingouraggressivenaturetopeteintoday’sworld.B.Strengtheninglawstoholdperpetratorsresponsiblefortheironlineactions.C.Promotingpositivebehaviorsandinteractionsinbothreallifeanddigitalspaces.D.Focusingonlyonreducinganonymityontheinternettoreduceoffensivebehavior.15.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?A.Theimpactofsocialmediaonsociety.B.Theinfluenceofevolutiononourbehavior.C.Thereasonsbehindrisingonlineaggression.D.Thefactorsinthesocialmediadevelopment.【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。本文論述了網(wǎng)上霸凌或其他攻擊性言行增加的原因，是人類殘忍的本性使然，還是社交媒體的過錯。【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Doesthisgrowingaggressiononsocialmediagiveusaglimpseofourrealhumannature?Areweatourcoreaggressivebeasts?It’struethathatecrimesareontherise,andpoliticaldivisionsappeartobegrowing.Thelevelofpublicbitternessespeciallyonlineissubstantial.(社交媒體上日益增長的攻擊性是否讓我們看到了真正的人性？我們本質(zhì)上是好斗的野獸嗎？的確，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治分歧似乎也在擴(kuò)大。公眾的痛苦程度——尤其是在網(wǎng)上——是相當(dāng)高的。)”可知，that指上文公眾相當(dāng)高的痛苦程度。A.Hatecrimesontherise仇恨犯罪呈上升趨勢；B.Growingpoliticaldivisions日益嚴(yán)重的政治分歧；C.Considerableonlinebitterness相當(dāng)多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)痛苦；D.Thetransformationofhumans人類的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)一段中“Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(騷擾)behavior.(大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的匿名性為惡劣和騷擾行為提供了掩護(hù)。)”和第二段中“Thelevelofpublicbitternessespeciallyonlineissubstantial.ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.(公眾的痛苦程度——尤其是在網(wǎng)上——是相當(dāng)高的。但我不相信這是因為社交媒體釋放了我們殘忍的人性。)”可知，雖然很多人認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)的匿名性為網(wǎng)上攻擊性行為提供了遮掩，作者不這么認(rèn)為，然后客觀論述了背后的原因。所以作者對社交媒體的態(tài)度還是比較公正客觀的。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingprosocialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.(是的，這個世界似乎變得越來越好斗，但這并不是因為我們內(nèi)心更好斗。這是因為我們沒有站出來反對欺凌、虐待和侵略性的騷擾，沒有提倡當(dāng)代世界所要求的親社會態(tài)度和行動。無論是面對面還是在社交媒體上，我們都必須做到這兩點。)”可知，不管是線上還是線下，整個社會之所以變得越來越有攻擊性，不是因為我們本性好斗好攻擊，而是因為一直以來我們沒有勇敢地站出來與這些攻擊性行為做斗爭，所以作者提倡線上線下我們都應(yīng)有積極的言行和互動。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是通過第一段“Inrecentyears,aggressiononsocialmediahavebeemonplace.Morethanhalfofthevictimssaidtheydidn’tknowtheidentityoftheperpetrator(作惡者).Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity(匿名)oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing(騷擾)behavior.(近年來，社交媒體上的攻擊性已經(jīng)變得司空見慣。超過一半的受害者說他們不知道行兇者的身份。大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的匿名性為惡劣和騷擾行為提供了掩護(hù)。)”引入話題：網(wǎng)上攻擊性言行的增加，很多人認(rèn)為始作俑者是網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身。第二段中“ButIdon’tbelievethat’sbecausesocialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.(但我不相信這是因為社交媒體釋放了我們殘忍的人性。)”作者提出是不是因為人類本性好斗呢？他不認(rèn)為是社交媒體釋放了我們的本性，接著概括了三個原因：人類進(jìn)化出的社交特性，網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體的繁榮，各種政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會環(huán)境的影響。最后一段“Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthat’snotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.It’sbecausewehaven’tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingprosocialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.(是的，這個世界似乎變得越來越好斗，但這并不是因為我們內(nèi)心更好斗。這是因為我們沒有站出來反對欺凌、虐待和侵略性的騷擾，沒有提倡當(dāng)代世界所要求的親社會態(tài)度和行動。無論是面對面還是在社交媒體上，我們都必須做到這兩點。)”作者呼吁大家行動起來，與這些攻擊性言行作斗爭。綜上，作者主要探討了日益增長的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊行為背后的原因，故選C。第二節(jié)七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoPlotaShortStoryAgreatshortstorydropsthereaderintoitsworldswiftlyandholdstheirattentionallthewaythrough.____16____Itcanbeassimpleasknowingafewkeymomentsyouwanttoworkyourwaytoward.You’llwindupwiththingsyouneverimaginedatthestart.Followthesestepstoplotyournextstory.Brainstorm.Youdon’tneedtohavemultipleshortstoryideasreadytogoatamoment’snotice.____17____Whenthatideaestoyou,sitdownandfleshitout.Makenoteofanycharacters,settings,orbitsofdialoguethatyousee.____18____Thefoundationsofyourmainconflictorthemeoftenformashortstory’srisingaction.Tocreatetensionandmovement,youmustknowexactlywhatyourcharacterwantsandwhatwouldpreventthemfromgettingit.Conflictscanbeinternalorexternal,soimagineatwhatstagethereaderwillbemeetingyourcharacter.Createabriefoutline.Sketchout(草擬)theflowofeventsyourshortstorywillcontain,includinginteractionsbetweencharactersandkeymoments.Writedownidentifyingcharacteristics.Butwhenitestodrafting,pickyourmomentsofbackstorycarefully.____19____Pickapointofview.Manyshortstoriesworkwellinfirstpersonbecauseoftheirbrevity(簡潔).____20____Ifyourstoryneedstobetoldinsecondpersonorthirdperson,thatworks,too.RegardlessofwhichPOVyouchoose,it’susuallybesttocenterthatnarrativearoundonemaincharactertoensureaconsistentreadonthesituationathand.A.Selecttherightcharacter.B.Writeoutthecentralconflict.C.Allyouneedisonesolidconcept.D.Butthere’snohardandfastrulesayingyoursmust.E.Shortstoriesallowthefreedomtoexperimentbecauseoftheirfreestyle.F.Plottingashortstorydoesn’thavetoinvolveadetailedlistofplotpoints.G.Tomakethecut,apieceofinformationmustcontributetothestory’scentralevents.【答案】16.F17.C18.B19.G20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了策劃短篇故事情節(jié)的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Agreatshortstorydropsthereaderintoitsworldswiftlyandholdstheirattentionallthewaythrough.(一個好的短篇故事會讓讀者迅速進(jìn)入它的世界，并始終吸引他們的注意力)”說明一個好的短篇故事需要快速吸引讀者并保持其注意力，以及下文“Itcanbeassimpleasknowingafewkeymomentsyouwanttoworkyourwaytoward.(它可以很簡單，只要知道你想要努力實現(xiàn)的幾個關(guān)鍵時刻)”說明短篇故事的情節(jié)設(shè)計可以很簡單，只需要知道幾個關(guān)鍵點，F(xiàn)項“策劃一個短篇故事不一定要列出詳細(xì)的情節(jié)要點?！狈仙舷挛倪壿?，起到了承上啟下的作用。故選F。【17題詳解】上文“Youdon’tneedtohavemultipleshortstoryideasreadytogoatamoment'snotice.(你不需要在一瞬間就準(zhǔn)備好多個短篇故事的想法)”以及下文“Whenthatideaestoyou,sitdownandfleshitout.(當(dāng)你想到這個想法時，坐下來把它充實起來)”說明寫短篇故事不需要隨時準(zhǔn)備好多個故事想法，只要有想法出現(xiàn)就可以坐下來充實它，C項“你所需要的只是一個堅實的概念?！迸c上下文語境相符，符合題意。故選C?！?8題詳解】下文“Thefoundationsofyourmainconflictorthemeoftenformashortstory’srisingaction.(你的主要沖突或主題的基礎(chǔ)通常構(gòu)成短篇故事的上升情節(jié))”說明本段談?wù)摰氖嵌唐适碌闹饕獩_突或主題，B項“寫出中心沖突?！币鱿挛膬?nèi)容，適合作為段落標(biāo)題句。故選B?！?9題詳解】上文“Butwhenitestodrafting,pickyourmomentsofbackstorycarefully.(但當(dāng)涉及到起草時，請仔細(xì)選擇你的背景故事)”說明在創(chuàng)作過程中要精心挑選背景故事的內(nèi)容，G項“為了切入，一條信息必須對故事的核心事件有所貢獻(xiàn)?！边M(jìn)一步說明了如何選擇合適的信息和背景，確保它們能夠推動情節(jié)發(fā)展。故選G?！?0題詳解】上文“Manyshortstoriesworkwellinfirstpersonbecauseoftheirbrevity(簡潔).(許多短篇故事以第一人稱寫得很好，因為它們的簡潔)”說明很多短篇故事由于其簡潔性，以第一人稱敘述效果很好，以及下文“Ifyourstoryneedstobetoldinsecondpersonorthirdperson,thatworks,too.(如果你的故事需要用第二人稱或第三人稱講述，那也行)”說明如果故事需要以第二人稱或第三人稱講述也是可行的，D項“但沒有硬性規(guī)定你必須這樣做?！闭f明盡管第一人稱常用且有效，但并不是唯一的選擇，呼應(yīng)了下文內(nèi)容。故選D。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Forthepast18years,mydaughterhasbeenaroundmeallthetime.Nowthatsheisincollege,the___21___ofourrelationshiphastotallychangedandourrelationshipispletely___22___.I’mnotgoingtobethereeverymorningtohavebreakfastwithher.Iwon’tknowwhenshe’smadorwhenshe’shappy.Here’salittlestoryofournew___23___.Aweekago,mydaughterwantedto___24___soshecalledmeduringthedayasIwasinmeetings.I___25___herlateron,butshewasinclass.Atmidnight,shereachedout___26___toaskifwecouldtalk.Well,guesswhat?Iwas___27___.Ithoughtwewouldtalkthenextday,butshewasnot___28___.Researchshowsthatparentsare___29___whentheirchildrenaregrownup,butformethatiswhenIstarttogetconcerned.Iamalwaysleftto____30____,howcanI,asaparent,remain____31____tomydaughtertoguide,supportandlovethroughlife'schanges?Wemayhaveto____32____thewaywemunicate.Mydaughterencouragedmetogodigital.That’showIventuredintotheworldofsocialmedia,followingherupdatesandoccasionallysharingmyownexperiences.Throughthis____33____presence,thephysicalgapis____34____andIfeelIstillhaveanactiveroleinherlife.Thisexperienceservesasareminderthat____35____,howeverscary,holdsthepromiseofgrowthinoursharedjourney.21.A.problem B.progress C.goal D.context22.A.cold B.special C.different D.casual23.A.normal B.idea C.approach D.solution24.A.catchup B.takeover C.checkout D.breakaway25.A.visited B.touched C.tried D.emailed26.A.bytaxi B.bytext C.inprivate D.inperson27.A.stupid B.angry C.excited D.asleep28.A.available B.interested C.ready D.guilty29.A.saddest B.busiest C.happiest D.best30.A.decide B.wonder C.