話題31 自然災(zāi)害與防范安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù) 2025年高考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

話題31自然災(zāi)害與防范，安全常識(shí)與自我保護(hù)2025年高考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)目錄話題詞匯梳理壹核心詞匯突破貳教材句型遷移叁話題語(yǔ)篇拓展肆話題與教材教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)人教必修一U4；外研必修三U6，選必二U6；北師大必修二U5；譯林必修三U2核心詞匯突破

bear，calm，effect，effort，inform，shock，supply教材句型遷移

①insist后賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣②if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句③wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣④ifonly引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句⑤without短語(yǔ)表示含蓄條件TeachingGuide話題詞匯梳理壹1.

vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏

2.disastern.

3.

n.突發(fā)事件,緊急情況4.

v.逃脫,擺脫vt.避免vi.逃走n.逃跑,逃脫;(暫時(shí)的)解脫5.

n.洪水;大量(的人或事物)

vi.大量涌入v.(使)灌滿水;淹沒(méi)6.forecastvt.&n.

7.grabv.

vi.(試圖)抓住,奪得8.

n.金屬

9.slidev.(使)滑行;(使)快捷而悄聲地移動(dòng)n.______________________10.trapvt.使落入險(xiǎn)境;卡住n._________bury災(zāi)難,災(zāi)害;不幸emergencyescapeflood預(yù)測(cè),預(yù)報(bào)抓住;抓住(機(jī)會(huì))metal滑動(dòng);幻燈片;山崩;降低,衰落困境;陷阱11.bearvt.忍受;承擔(dān)責(zé)任

adj.可忍受的→

adj.難以忍受的

12.burnv.(使)燒毀;(使燃料)燃燒;曬傷vt.燙傷,燒傷vi.燃燒;發(fā)光n.燒傷,燙傷

adj.燃燒著的→

adj.燒壞的,燒傷的搭配

(火勢(shì))減弱;(被)焚毀

13.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的;風(fēng)平浪靜的v.(使)平靜,(使)鎮(zhèn)定

adv.鎮(zhèn)定地搭配

(使)平靜,鎮(zhèn)靜,安靜

14.

v.碰撞,撞擊vi.暴跌,倒閉n.撞車,碰撞;暴跌搭配acarcrash

15.diev.死亡vi.消失,滅亡;停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

n.死,死亡→

adj.死的→

adj.致命的搭配

滅絕,消失

16.effectn.影響,效應(yīng),結(jié)果

adj.有效的,產(chǎn)生預(yù)期效果的;生效的搭配__________

(藥物的)副作用;意外的連帶后果__________________對(duì)……有影響bearable→→→→unbearableburningburntburndowncalmlycalmdowncrash汽車撞車事故deathdeaddeadlydieouteffective→sideeffecthaveaneffecton…17.

n.努力,氣力;試圖,盡力搭配makeaneffort

18.eruptv.(火山)爆發(fā)vi.突然發(fā)生

n.爆發(fā),突然發(fā)生

拓展avolcanic

eruption__________

19.firen.火,火災(zāi);激情;爐火;暖氣裝置;射擊,火力vt.激勵(lì);解雇vi.點(diǎn)火,發(fā)動(dòng)v.射擊,開火搭配

著火

滅火

20.informvt.通知;告知

n.信息,消息→

adj.見多識(shí)廣的,消息靈通的搭配informsb.ofsth.

21.movev.移動(dòng);轉(zhuǎn)變;搬家vi.前進(jìn);采取行動(dòng)

vt.使感動(dòng)(尤指因?yàn)橥榛虮瘋?;使變換,

調(diào)動(dòng)→

n.運(yùn)動(dòng);動(dòng)作,活動(dòng)搭配beonthemove_____________________________22.rescuen.&vt.

n.救援者搭配cometoone’srescue___________________→effort盡量,盡力eruption火山爆發(fā)catchfireputoutafire→→informationinformed通知某人某事movement在行進(jìn)中,在移動(dòng)中;(經(jīng)常)變換地點(diǎn)營(yíng)救,救援rescuer營(yíng)救(某人);救助(某人)23.ruinn.廢墟;毀壞;破產(chǎn)vt.毀壞;使破產(chǎn)搭配

毀壞,嚴(yán)重受損,破敗不堪24.scarevt.驚嚇,使害怕vi.受驚嚇

adj.害怕的,恐懼的

adj.恐怖的

25.sharpadj.(變化)急劇的;鋒利的;清晰的;敏銳的;嚴(yán)厲的

adv.急劇地;嚴(yán)厲地;突然地→_______v.(使)變鋒利;(使)提高,改善

26.shockn.震驚,令人震驚的事;休克vt.使震驚

adj.驚人的→

adj.震驚的

27.

n.供應(yīng)量;[pl.]補(bǔ)給,補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng),供給搭配supplysb.withsth.

__28.tearn.

v.撕裂vt.撕開;撕掉

搭配

哭著,哭泣

29.wiseadj.明智的

n.智慧,才智

反

adj.不明智的inruins→scared→→→scarysharplysharpenshockingshockedsupply給某人提供某物眼淚,淚水intearswisdomunwise→核心詞匯突破貳(1)我不忍心看見她哭。____________________________(2)失去他的情景她想都不敢想。__________________________________________________(3)他無(wú)法忍受遭人嘲笑。____________________________________(4)記住﹐有些孩子需要幫助。_________________________somechildrenwillneedhelp.1.bearvt.忍受；承擔(dān)責(zé)任·can’tbearsth.

接受不了某事·can’tbeartodosth.不忍心做某事·bearsth.inmind/bearinmind(that)記?。呈拢┅o把（某事）記在心里

Ican’tbeartoseehercry.Shecouldn’tbearthethoughtoflosinghim.Hecan’tbeartobelaughedat.Bearinmindthat(1)我盡量保持鎮(zhèn)定﹐不去理睬他。Itriedto______________andjustignorehim.(2)他深深地吸了幾口氣，使自己平靜下來(lái)。Hetookafewdeepbreathsto___________________________.(3)金融市場(chǎng)目前很穩(wěn)定。__________________________________atthemoment.(4)冷靜點(diǎn)﹐告訴我發(fā)生了什么事。___________________andtellmewhathappened.2.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；風(fēng)平浪靜的

v.(使)平靜，（使）鎮(zhèn)定·remain/stay/keepcalm

保持鎮(zhèn)定·calmdown/calmsb/sth?down（使）平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜，安靜staycalmcalmhimselfdownThefinancialmarketsarecalmCalmdown(1)實(shí)際上﹐我們掙錢會(huì)比去年少。_____________________,we’llbeearninglessthanwewerelastyear.(2)這種藥的常見副作用可能包括頭痛和肌肉疼痛。Common____________________ofthedrugmayincludeheadachesandmusclepains.(3)這些建議即將付諸實(shí)施。Therecommendationswillsoonbe____________________.3.effectn.影響，效應(yīng)，結(jié)果·takeeffect開始起作用﹔開始產(chǎn)生效果·takeeffect/comeintoeffect

生效/開始實(shí)施·beineffect

在實(shí)施中﹐有效·sideeffect（尤指藥物﹑療法的）副作用·bring/putsthintoef?fect使生效；實(shí)行；實(shí)施Ineffectsideeffectsputintoeffect(1)自動(dòng)變速汽車令駕駛更輕松。Anautomaticcar____________________________________.(2)我極力去理解他們的觀點(diǎn)。I________________________________seetheirpointofview.(3)她的馬輕松跳過(guò)了籬笆。Herhorsejumpedthefence________________________________.4.effortn.努力，氣力；試圖，盡力·makeaneffort

盡量，盡力·taketheeffortoutofsomething使某事變得容易·makeeveryefforttodosomething盡一切努力做某事·withouteffort輕松地takestheeffortoutofdrivingmadeeveryefforttowithoutanyeffort(1)地址如有變更﹐請(qǐng)盡早通知我們。_________________________________________assoonaspossible.(2)他告發(fā)了他的親弟弟。__________________________________(3)我得到可靠消息說(shuō)他們倆明年結(jié)婚。Ihavebeenreliablyinformed___________________________________.(4)沒(méi)人通知我典禮何時(shí)舉行。Ihavenotbeeninformed___________________________________.5.informvt.通知;告知·informsb.about/ofsth.通知某人某事

·informonsb.告發(fā)；檢舉

whentheceremonywilltakeplacethatthecouplewillmarrynextyearHeinformedonhisownbrother.Pleaseinformusofanychangeofaddress(1)聽到他辭職的消息，我深感意外。I______________________hearthathehadresigned.(2)她驚訝地環(huán)顧四周。Shelookedround________________.(3)她突然驚恐地意識(shí)到自己被跟蹤了。Sherealizedwith__________________thatshewasbeingfollowed.(4)我覺(jué)得我仍然驚魂未定。IthinkI’mstill__________________________.6.shockn.震驚，令人震驚的事；休克

vt.使震驚·be

shockedtodosth.做某事很震驚·inshock驚訝地·withashock吃驚地wasshockedtoinshockasuddenshockinastateofshock(1)

Aninformer_______________________________thenamesofthoseinvolvedinthecrime.有線人向警方提供了涉案者的名字。(2)許多志愿者來(lái)自當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校。Localschools_________________________________.(3)洪水過(guò)后糧食短缺。Foodis_____________________________followingtheflooding.7.supplyn.供應(yīng)量；[pl.]補(bǔ)給，補(bǔ)給品

vt.供應(yīng)，供給，提供·supplysb.withsth.給某人提供某物·supplysth.tosb.向某人提供某物·beinshortsupply供應(yīng)短缺supplymanyofthevolunteerssuppliedthepolicewithinshortsupply教材句型遷移叁①insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)研究人員堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，克隆科學(xué)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步得到探索與發(fā)展。Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloning______________________________________.(2)他們堅(jiān)持要每個(gè)人都參加聚會(huì)。Theyinsistedthat_______________________________.(3)他一定要我乘出租車。Heinsisted___________________________.(4)他執(zhí)意要她來(lái)。_______________________________.insist后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句通常要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即(should)do的結(jié)構(gòu)。shouldbefurtherexploredandadvancedeveryoneshouldcometothepartyIshouldtakeataxiHeinsiststhatshecome②if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句(1)我要是能回答你所有問(wèn)題的話，我就是天才了。IfIknewtheanswertoallyourquestions，_____________________________.(2)要是我做這項(xiàng)工作，我會(huì)以不同的方式去做。_______________________________，Ishoulddoitinadifferentway.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件句中的運(yùn)用如下:·與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形”·與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had十過(guò)去分詞”，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could/should/might+have十過(guò)去分詞"·與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式、weretodo或shoulddo，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形”IfIweretodotheworkIwouldbeagenius③wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣·wish后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，常常表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望?！ish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)形式有：⑴did/were（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望）

⑵haddone/been（表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望）；⑶would/could+動(dòng)詞原形（表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望）。⑴真希望回到家里，我不喜歡這個(gè)地方。_________________________________________⑵

他知道自己本不該干此事；他多么希望自己沒(méi)有做啊。________________________________________________________⑶我真希望下次你能早一點(diǎn)來(lái)。______________________________________IwishIwerebackhome;Idonotlikethisplace.Heknewthatheshouldn’thavedoneit;hewishedhehadn’tdoneit.Idowishyouwouldcomeearliernexttime.④ifonly引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句(1)我要是能講幾種外語(yǔ)就好了!__________________________________________(2)你要是還像你過(guò)去那樣，該有多好啊!___________________________________(3)他要是更謹(jǐn)慎些就好了。__________________________________________·ifonly...意為“要是……就好了”，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。ifonly...did...表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望。

ifonly...haddone...表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。·onlyif意為“只要;只有”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。only

if位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!Ifonlyyouwouldbeasyouusedtobe!Ifonlyhewere/wasmorecautious.⑤without引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)表示含蓄條件(1)活沒(méi)干完，我不敢回家。I______________________withoutthejobfinished.(2)沒(méi)有你，我不可能做到。___________________________________(3)有一輛卡車可能被偷了之后連車主人都不知道丟了。Onetruck_____________________________withoutitsownerevenknowingthatithadbeenmissing.(4)我告訴富蘭克林吃晚飯不必等我。ItoldFranklinhe_____________________________withoutme...without引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣既可表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(主句中用would/could/might/shoulddo);也可表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(主句中用would/could/might/shouldhavedone)有類似用法的還有:with,otherwise/or(否則),butfor(要不是)等

wouldn’tdaregohomeIcouldn’thavedoneitwithoutyou.mighthavebeenstolen

wouldhavetostartdinner話題語(yǔ)段拓展肆一、閱讀下面語(yǔ)段，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)[教材改編,人教必修一U4P50]Hopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent15,0000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere1andtoburythedead.Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovide2care.Workersbuilt3forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwere4thecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.

Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetireless5ofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Tangshancityhas6toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrigh