GB/T 28589-2024地理信息定位服務

ICS

07.040

CCS

A75

中華人民共和國國家標準

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

代替GB/T28589—2012

地理信息定位服務

Geographicinformation—Positioningservices

（ISO19116:2019，IDT）

2024-09-29發(fā)布2025-04-01實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布

國家標準化管理委員會

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

目次

前言

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Ⅲ

引言

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Ⅳ

1

范圍

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2

規(guī)范性引用文件

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3

術語和定義

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4

符號、縮略語、前序版本兼容性、UML標記和UML包

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5

4.1

符號和縮略語

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4.2

前序版本兼容性

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4.3

UML標記

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4.4

UML包

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5

一致性

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5.1

概述

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5.2

一致性要求

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5.3

要求條款的結構

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6

定位服務模型

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6.1

概述

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6.2

定位服務的靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)結構

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6.3

定位服務的基本信息和擴展信息

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7

基本信息的定義和描述

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7.1

概述

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7.2

系統(tǒng)信息

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7.3

時段信息

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7.4

觀測信息

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7.5

質量信息

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7.6

定位服務操作

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8

定位結果的可靠性

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8.1

概述

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8.2

可靠性模型

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9

特定技術信息

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9.1

概述

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9.2

操作條件

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9.3

原始測量數(shù)據(jù)

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34

附錄A（規(guī)范性）一致性

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35

A.1

概述

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Ⅰ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

A.2

概念模型的一致性

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35

A.3

定位服務要求的一致性

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36

A.4

定位服務操作的一致性

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36

附錄B（資料性）定位服務的準確度報告

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38

B.1

概述

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38

B.2

數(shù)據(jù)質量子元素描述符的結構

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38

B.3

推廣到數(shù)據(jù)集準確度

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39

附錄C（資料性）定位服務概述

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41

C.1

概述

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41

C.2

定位服務流程

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41

附錄D（資料性）GNSS操作條件

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D.1

概述

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D.2

GNSS的操作條件

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D.3

GNSS的計算條件

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45

D.4

測量條件

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46

D.5

原始測量數(shù)據(jù)

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47

附錄E（資料性）可靠性評價方法

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E.1

概述

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E.2

定位服務的評價方法

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E.3

時段相關屬性的評價方法─采集時間

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49

E.4

觀測相關屬性的評價方法

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E.5

質量相關屬性的評價方法

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51

E.6

計算可靠性程度

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52

附錄F（資料性）擴展定位服務結果的實例

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54

F.1

概述

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F.2

定位結果的類別

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54

附錄G（資料性）用例

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G.1

背景

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G.2

關鍵問題

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G.3

解決方案

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G.4

實例

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參考文獻

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Ⅱ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結構和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T28589—2012《地理信息定位服務》，與GB/T28589—2012相比，除結構調

整和編輯性改動外，主要技術變化如下：

a）更改了UML模型（見4.3、4.4、6.2、第7章和9.2，2012年版的5.2、5.3、6.2、6.3.1、第7章和

8.2.1），兼顧了與模型相關的概念、與其他標準的一致性，以及特定技術內容與抽象模型之間

的獨立性；

b）更改了術語條目（見第3章），與其他現(xiàn)行標準進行了統(tǒng)一，刪除了未使用的術語條目（見

2012年版的4.7、4.8、4.9、4.14、4.22和4.28）；

c）

刪除了縮略語“NADyy”的定義，增加了縮略語“URI”的定義（見4.1）；

d）增加了關于前序版本兼容性的說明（見第4章）；

e）增加了關于文件定義的一致性類別和一致性要求的說明（見第5章）；

f）在定位服務模型的基本信息中增加了觀測信息（見6.1、7.1和7.4），刪除了“PS_參照模式”

類及其UML模型（見2012年版的7.4.2.3）；

g）在定位服務模型中增加了一套方便使用的結構（見第8章）；

h）將面向GNSS平臺的操作條件的“專門技術信息”更改為特定技術信息框架，使其支持更廣泛

的定位系統(tǒng)框架（見第9章，2012年版的第8章）。

本文件等同采用ISO

19116:2019《地理信息定位服務》。

本文件做了下列編輯性改動：

—替換了大地高和重力高的字母符號（見3.11）；

—更改了資料性附錄。增加了“定位服務概述”（見附錄C）；增加了“GNSS操作條件”（見

附錄D）；增加了“可靠性評價方法”（見附錄E）；增加了“擴展定位服務結果的實例”

（見附錄F）；增加了“用例”資料性附錄（見附錄G）；刪除了資料性附錄“本標準中類名

的中英文對照”（見2012年版的附錄NA）。

請注意本文件的某些內容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由中華人民共和國自然資源部提出。

本文件由全國地理信息標準化技術委員會（SAC/TC230）歸口。

本文件起草單位：武漢大學、國家基礎地理信息中心、自然資源部測繪標準化研究所、清華大學、

北京百度網(wǎng)訊科技有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：李霖、朱海紅、左辛凱、李思宇、王舒曼、黃全義、郭建坤、張瑩、劉小強、

尹彤、張傳明、郭際明。

本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為：

—

2012年首次發(fā)布為GB/T28589—2012；

—

本次為第一次修訂。

Ⅲ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

引言

定位服務是ISO19119定義的處理類服務之一。處理類服務包括面向計算的和面向模型域元素操作

的服務，不包括直接集成在模型域本身的服務。本文件對定位服務進行了定義和描述。

定位服務利用多種類型的技術，為各種應用提供位置以及與位置相關的信息，如圖1所示。雖然這

些定位技術在很多方面有所區(qū)別，但其中一些重要的信息項和操作是通用的，例如定位數(shù)據(jù)、觀測時間

和準確度等，這些通用的信息項和操作被廣泛地應用于相關領域。此外，還有一些僅用于特定定位技術

的信息項和操作，例如信號強度、幾何因子和原始觀測值，這些特定信息項可能有助于正確地使用定位

結果。因此，本文件規(guī)定了適用于各類定位服務的通用數(shù)據(jù)元和與特定定位技術相關的特定數(shù)據(jù)元。

圖1定位服務概述

現(xiàn)代電子定位技術能快速準確地測量地球表面或近地空間位置的坐標，從而使地理信息系統(tǒng)能存儲

和表達任意對象。然而，定位技術既沒有表達位置信息的通用結構，也沒有表達準確度和可靠性的通用

結構。本文件規(guī)定的定位服務接口提供了多種數(shù)據(jù)結構和操作，使空間定向系統(tǒng)能夠以更高的效率和互

操作性使用定位技術。

Ⅳ

GB/T28589—2024/ISO19116：2019

地理信息定位服務

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了位置提供設備和位置使用設備之間的通信接口的數(shù)據(jù)結構及內容，提供了集成多種非

特定定位技術獲取可靠位置信息的方法，描述了位置使用設備通過通信接口獲取并明確解譯位置信息的

路徑，給出了一種用以確定定位結果信息是否滿足預期用途的可靠性度量方法。

本文件適用于以位置信息為核心的多種應用，例如測量、導航、智能交通系統(tǒng)（intelligenttrans?

portationsystems，ITS）和基于位置的服務（location?basedservice