2025版高考英語一輪復習選修6Unit5Thepowerofnature學案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit5Thepowerofnature————[單元主題語境]———人與自然之自然災難與防范，平安常識與自我愛護(2024·高考浙江卷)話題：氣候變更與大樹變少詞數(shù)：314難度：★★★★Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇調(diào)查報告。調(diào)查表明，加利福尼亞州的大樹變少了，而氣候變更是其中的一個主要因素。27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.解析：段落大意題。其次段中通過列舉一系列數(shù)字表明，加利福尼亞州的大樹削減的嚴峻性，故A項正確。答案：A28．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests. B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment. D．Firecontrolmeasures.解析：推理推斷題。第三段提到了造成加利福尼亞州的大樹削減的三個因素：woodcutters，housingdevelopment與aggressivewildfirecontrol。前兩個因素干脆與大樹的削減有關，假如能限制住，大樹就不會削減；而第三個因素——限制野火的措施使得加利福尼亞州的森林里滿是跟大樹爭奪資源的小樹，初衷是為了限制野火，這是好的，實則對大樹不利，故D項正確(好心辦壞事)。答案：D29．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt. B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate. D．Dampnessoftheair.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures”可知，水不足的主要緣由就是氣溫上升(risingtemperatures)，即更加暖和的氣候，故C項正確。答案：C30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California'sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre：GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia解析：標題歸納題。本文是一篇調(diào)查報告，第一段就點出主題：Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s。后面詳細分析了加利福尼亞州大樹的現(xiàn)狀、造成大樹削減的緣由等，A項作為標題最合適。答案：A一、語言實力熟詞生義/詞類活用1．studyn．調(diào)查，探討2．declinen．降幅，下降3．contributedto導致4．theleadauthor第一作者，主要作者5．documentedv．記錄，記載(詳情)6．takeintoaccount考慮到二、思維品質(zhì)1．閱讀技巧——確定位置，提煉概括段落大意一般而言，每個段落都有一個中心，且通常中心思想會在本段的首句或尾句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的主題句。由于文章內(nèi)容和體裁的不同，作者的寫作手法也不盡相同，主題句在段落中出現(xiàn)的位置也不固定。一般說來，采納歸納法的段落，細微環(huán)節(jié)表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾；采納演繹法的段落，先提出觀點，后演繹例證，由一般到特殊，主題句出現(xiàn)在段首；若作者采納由特殊→一般→特殊的方式，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時，作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，我們要學會依據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容去概括出主題句，進而歸納出文章的主題。如27題，依據(jù)其次段首句可知探討發(fā)覺，加利福尼亞的大樹數(shù)量下降了百分之五十。后面列舉數(shù)目，主要說明數(shù)量急劇下降。可知大樹數(shù)量急劇下降的嚴峻形勢。故選A。2．分析長難句并翻譯句子ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.[分析]incomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010作狀語，句子的主語是McIntyreandhiscolleagues，謂語是documented，awidespreaddeath是賓語。that引導的是定語從句，修飾death。[翻譯]但是把20世紀20年頭和30年頭對加利福尼亞森林的探討和2001年至2010年的探討結果比較，McIntyre和他的同事發(fā)覺甚至在野外受到愛護，免受砍伐和開發(fā)的大樹也大范圍地死亡。三、文化素養(yǎng)思索：通過閱讀這篇文章，你如何認為自然和人類社會的關系？自然和人類社會的關系恰如水與舟的關系，社會發(fā)展不能違反自然規(guī)律，二者關系處理的好壞干脆關系到整個人類社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。授課提示：對應學生用書第190頁NO.1單詞——在語境中應用，在拓展中記多01核心單詞…………[先識記]請依據(jù)漢語提示完成下列詞塊1．a(chǎn)ppointanewheadteacher任命一位新校長2．wavesb.agreeting揮手向某人致意3．a(chǎn)longsidethetheatre在劇院旁邊4．tremblewithanger因生氣而顫抖5．sweathispatient使他的病人發(fā)汗6．panicthehorse使馬驚惶7．shootthearrowatthetarget有的放矢8．uncomfortablesurroundings不舒適的環(huán)境9．a(chǎn)rousesb.'senthusiasm激起某人的主動性10．beguaranteedforoneyear保修一年11．bebathedinsweat渾身大汗12．a(chǎn)nanxiousexpression憂慮的表情13．inactuallife在實際生活中14．a(chǎn)potentialdisaster潛在的災禍15．a(chǎn)divingsuit潛水服16．a(chǎn)pieceofequipment一件設備[再拓展]請?zhí)钊肜ㄌ杻?nèi)單詞的正確形式1．ThefilmFarewellMyConcubinewasadaptedfromthenovelofthesametitlebyHongKongnovelistLiBihua.(novel)2．Chooseapairofshoesthatsuitsyoubest，andwe'llcycletoasuitableplaceforapicnic.(suit)3．Hewasanxioustoleaveandhecouldnothidehisanxiety.(anxious)4．Peoplewithanappreciationofartandliteraturecanappreciateworksofart.(appreciate)5．Thenewlabsareequippedwithadvancedequipment.(equip)6．Doyouwanttoevaluateyourintelligence？Justcompletetheevaluationfrombelow，please.(evaluate)7．Tomwasbadlyhurtandstillunconsciousaftertheaccident，buthiswifewasconsciousandwassmilingtousconsciously.(conscious)8．Peoplefromdiverseculturesholddifferentunderstandingontheplayandthisdiversityofopinionsmakesithardtoreachanagreementatthemeeting.(diverse)02閱讀單詞…………標注不相識的單詞，回查單詞表重新記憶□volcano□hurricane□questionnaire□database□diagram□ash□molten□helmet□geology□peak□fountain□candidate□typhoon□rainbow□balconyNO.2短語——在拼法中記牢，在聯(lián)想中積累[必會短語]請依據(jù)漢語提示完成下列詞塊1．inthedistance在遠處2．makeone'swayhome朝家的方向走去3．beabouttochange即將發(fā)生變更4．behometopandas熊貓的家園5．takenoticeofnothing什么都沒留意6．varyfromregiontoregion因地區(qū)而異7．comparedwithlastyear與去年相比8．glancethroughmyalbum匆忙看一遍我的相冊9．haveagiftformusic有音樂天賦10．burnthecitytotheground把城市燒成平地[詞匯積累]1．含“-ist(人)”詞根的單詞①novel(小說)＋-ist＝novelist小說家②dent(齒)＋-ist＝dentist牙醫(yī)③capital(資本)＋-ist＝capitalist資本主義者④reception(接待)＋-ist＝receptionist接待員⑤physics[物理學(去s)]＋-ist＝physicist物理學家⑥volcanology[火山學(去y)]＋-ist＝volcanologist火山學家2．“havea＋n.＋for”短語集錦①haveagiftfor有……的天賦②haveapreferencefor偏愛；特殊寵愛③haveadesirefor想要；渴望④haveanosefor對……敏感⑤haveatastefor對……有愛好⑥haveafancyfor寵愛；癡迷⑦haveachancefor有……的機會NO.3句式——在解讀中學懂，在學寫中學通請依據(jù)提示完成下列句子1．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(havingdone)作狀語回答老師的問題后，她坐下來，感到輕松多了。Havingansweredtheteacher'squestions，shesatdownandfeltmuchmorerelaxed.2．beabouttodo...when...“剛要……這時……”我剛要去你家?guī)椭銓W英語，這時我叔叔來了。IwasabouttogotoyourhometohelpyouwithyourEnglishwhenmyunclecame.3．獨立主格結構，在句中作緣由狀語假如時間允許，采摘活動結束后，我們將在農(nóng)場實行一個晚會。Timepermitting，wewillholdapartyonthefarmafterthepickingactivityisover.4．Itissaidthat...“據(jù)說……”據(jù)說我們的對手很厲害，所以我們隊從明天起每天放學后都要訓練以贏得競賽。Itissaidthatouropponentisgreat，soourteamwillbetrainedeverydayafterschoolfromtomorrowtowinthegame.(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ)授課提示：對應學生用書第191頁1．a(chǎn)ppointvt.任命；委派；約定；指定(時間、地點等)[寫作佳句]Iwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.我被指定負責支配那一天的全部活動。[歸納拓展](1)appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人為……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)appointedadj.約定的(3)appointmentn．任命；約定；約會have/makeanappointmentwithsb.與某人有約會/預約[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——完成語段①XiaoLimade/hadanappointmentwiththemanagerandarrivedattheappointedtime.Later，shewasappointedtoholdanimportantpost.肖麗和經(jīng)理預約并在約定的時間到達。后來她被任命擔當一個重要的職務。實力提升——句式升級②Hewasappointedasheadmasteroftheschool.Hesparednoefforttoimproveitsteachingquality.→Appointedasheadmasteroftheschool，hesparednoefforttoimproveitsteachingquality.(分詞短語作狀語)2．suitn.一套外衣；套裝vt.適合；使相宜[文化金句]TheTangsuithasbeenpopulararoundChinainthepasttenyears，whichmeanstherevivaloftheChinesenationalculture.在過去的十年里，唐裝在中國各地很受歡迎，這意味著中華民族文化的復興。[歸納拓展](1)asuitof一套……(2)suitsb.適合某人suitone'sneeds適合某人的須要(3)suitableadj.適當?shù)模幌嗯涞?；適合的besuitableforsb.(某物)適合某人besuitabletodosth.適合做某事[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空/選詞填空(suit/match/fit)①Youlookwonderfulinthatsuitabledress.Itreallysuitsyou.(suit)②Thehatdoesn'tsuither，foronethingitdoesn'tfitbecauseofitssize；foranotheritscolordoesn'tmatchhercharmingface.實力提升——翻譯句子③我想知道這些學生是否適合做兼職或暑假工作。Iamwonderingwhetherthestudentsaresuitabletodopart-timeorsummerjobs.[實戰(zhàn)貼士]suit多指合乎須要、口味、性格、款式等；而fit多指大小、形態(tài)的合適；match多指色調(diào)、形態(tài)、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配。3．a(chǎn)nxiousadj.憂慮的；擔憂的[寫作佳句]Anxiousallthetime，Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.由于總是焦慮擔憂，我一向無法保持留意力集中超過一個小時。[歸納拓展](1)beanxiousaboutsth.為某事憂慮/擔憂beanxiousforsth.渴望……；擔憂……beanxious(forsb.)todosth.渴望(某人)做某事(2)anxiouslyadv.擔憂地；憂慮地anxietyn．焦慮；擔憂；渴望withanxiety＝anxiously焦慮地；擔憂地[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Iwasanxiousabout/forhissafetywhenIheardthenewsofthetrainaccident.②Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，onlytofinditdidn'tfit.＝Shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtrieditonwithanxiety，onlytofinditdidn'tfit.(anxious)實力提升——一句多譯我很擔憂即將到來的考試，以至于晚上很難入睡。③I'msoanxiousaboutthecomingexamthatIcanhardlyfallasleepatnight.(so...that...)④Anxiousaboutthecomingexam，Icanhardlyfallasleepatnight.(形容詞短語作伴隨狀語)4．panicn.驚惶；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)驚惶/恐慌[寫作佳句]Theconditionsbecamemoresevereandmanypeoplewerepanickedintoleavingthecountry.形勢變得更嚴峻，很多人驚惶地離開了這個國家。[歸納拓展](1)panicodoingsth.使某人因驚惶而做某事(2)getintoapanic驚惶失措(表動作)inpanic驚惶失措(表狀態(tài))[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Notonlydoonlinerumorscausepeopleinpanic，buttheydisturbpublicorder.②Tompanickedatthesoundofexplosionandhiswifealsogotintoapanic.③Hearingthegun，thedeerwaspanicked(panic)intorunningstraightfortheheadlights.實力提升——完成句子④Eventhegreatspeakersometimeswillbeinpanicandslipintoabathroomforpracticebeforemakingaspeech.即使是精彩的演講者在演講之前有時候也會驚恐擔憂，溜進洗手間猛操練一番。[實戰(zhàn)貼士]留意panic的過去式和過去分詞都是panicked。5．guaranteevt.保證；擔保n.保證；擔保；抵押品；擔保人；保修單[文化金句]Asforpreparation，readingsomeChinesenovelsinadvancewillguaranteeyouadaptingintotheChineselanguageenvironment.作為打算，事先閱讀一些中文小說會保證讓你融入中國語言的環(huán)境中。[歸納拓展](1)guaranteesb.sth.＝guaranteesth.tosb.保證某人某事guaranteetodosth./that...保證/擔保做某事；確?！?2)givesb.aguarantee(that)．..向某人保證……underguarantee在保修期內(nèi)[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空/一詞多義①Thecarislessthanayearold，soitisstillunderguarantee.②Toborrowalargeamountofmoney，hehadtoofferhishouseasaguarantee.n.抵押品③IfIborrow$10,000fromthebank，willyoubemyguarantee？n.擔保人實力提升——完成句子④Canyougivemeaguaranteethattheworkwillbefinishedontime?你能向我保證這項工作會按時完成嗎？6．makeone'sway前往；到(某地)[寫作佳句]Solongasyouworkhard，youcanmakeyourwayinlife.只要你努力工作，你的人生就會勝利。[歸納拓展]makeone'swayto/towards朝……走去fightone'sway奮力前進loseone'sway迷路feelone'sway摸索前進pushone'sway擠出來windone'sway蜿蜒前進[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——完成語段①Havingfelthiswaythroughtheforest，helosthiswaybackhome，onlytofindariverwindingitswaydownthehill.摸索著穿過森林后，他迷失了回家的路，僅發(fā)覺一條小溪沿著山坡蜿蜒流下來。實力提升——翻譯句子②看！很多孩子正往海灘走去。Look!Manychildrenaremakingtheirwaytothebeach.7．varyfrom...to...由……到……不等[寫作佳句]Ilikereadingverymuch，especiallythestorybooks，varyingfromChinesestoriestoEnglishones.我特別寵愛讀書，尤其是故事書，無論是中文的還是英文的。[歸納拓展](1)varyin...在……(大小、形態(tài)等)上不同varywith/by隨……變更/變更(2)variousadj.各種各樣的；多姿多彩的(3)varietyn．種類；多樣化avarietyof/varietiesof種種；各種各樣的[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Pricesoffruits，whichvaryinsize，oftenvarywiththeseason.②Inmyfreetime，I'llcontinuetotakeregularexercise，suchasswimming，runningandvarious(vary)ballgames.③Thesebagsaremadeofvarieties(various)ofmaterials.實力提升——完成句子④Wejoininavarietyof/varietiesof/variousactivitiesinournewgymnasium，whichbringsuslotsofpleasure.(2024·高考全國卷Ⅲ)在新體育館里，我們參與各種各樣的活動，這給我們帶來很多歡樂。8．獨立主格結構[教材原句]Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy，butthisbeingmyfirstexperience，Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后探討用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)驗這樣的事，所以留在山頂上視察他們。[歸納拓展]獨立主格結構的構成：名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞(主動、進行)/過去分詞(被動、完成)/不定式(將來)/形容詞、副詞/介詞短語等。(1)其中名詞或代詞起著邏輯主語的作用，另一部分表示狀態(tài)、狀況或動作。(2)獨立主格結構在句子中作狀語，表示時間、緣由、條件、伴隨等。(3)獨立主格結構一般用逗號與主句分開。[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空①Themanagerlooksrelaxed，manythingssettled(settle)．②Suchanablemantohelp(help)you，youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.③Theguideleading(lead)theway，wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.實力提升——句式升級④ThemusicfestivaltobeheldbyourschoolisfullofwonderfulprogramssuchassometraditionalChinesedancesandsongs.(2024·高考全國卷Ⅲ)→Themusicfestivaltobeheldbyourschoolisfullofwonderfulprograms，sometraditionalChinesedancesandsongsincluded.(獨立主格結構)9．“Itissaidthat...”句式[教材原句]Itissaidthatthisboy，whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion，isthefatheroftheManchupeople.據(jù)說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的勸服力。[歸納拓展](1)句式“Itissaidthat...＝Sb./Sth.issaidtodosth.”，意為“據(jù)說……”。其中，不定式依據(jù)狀況可用一般式、進行式或完成式。(2)Itisthoughtthat...據(jù)認為……Itisbelievedthat...人們信任……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道……[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎練透——單句語法填空/補全句子①Heisthoughttohaveacted(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.②Carbondioxideissaidtobeheating(heat)theearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.③Itishopedthat(希望)thesesuggestionswouldbeofgreathelptoyou.(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ)實力提升——一句多譯人們信任音樂節(jié)不僅有意義而且好玩。(2024·高考全國卷Ⅲ)④Itisbelievedthatthemusicfestivalwillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.⑤Peoplebelievethatthemusicfestivalwillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.授課提示：對應學生用書第194頁[教材與高考]Ⅰ.閱讀理解障礙詞1．閱讀詞匯認知①(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ)TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.adj.不同的②(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ)IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.n.了解③(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ)Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.v.配有2．一詞多義(2024·高考浙江卷)It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial，politicalandscientificprogress.AA．波動；浪潮 B．揮手C．飄動Ⅱ.語言運用高頻點1．語法填空①(2024·高考全國卷Ⅲ)Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactually(actual)bringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.②(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ)Ehlersthoughtaboutthesmalldoghehadseentrembling(tremble)alongsidetheroad.③(2024·高考全國卷Ⅲ)Someofuswereconfidentandeagertotakepartintheclassactivity；otherswerenervousandanxious(anxiety)．④(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ)Instead，wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortable(comfort)bedsandanairconditioner.2．完形填空①(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ)Iwasthrilled!IarrivedearlyatByronBaywhereweweresupposedtomeet.Thebaywas45insunshine，andtherewasagroupofkayakersaround150mA．bathed B．c