2023年12月大學(xué)英語4級真題（第一套）

Part (30Directions:Supposetheuniversitynewspaperisinvitingsubmissionsfromthestudentsforitscomingeditionacampuseventthathasimpressedthemmost.Youarenowtowriteanessayforsubmission.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheessay.Youshouldwriteatleast旦Qwordsbutnomorethan垃Qwords.Section

Listening (25Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorA)Theirbrainsworkin D)TheyhavethesameethnicA)Itcanbe C)ItcanworkbothItishardto D)ItresemblesfamilyQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)Searchfortheirhalf- C)FindoutmoreabouttheirIdentifytheirbiological A)Theywerebothgivenupfor C)Theyflew737airplanesasTheywereborntothesame D)Theywereboth60yearsofQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)Oneofhisfriendswascaught Othertouristsrefusedtojoininthe D)Thekilometer-longbeachwaspracticallyA)A C)ThebeachAlocal D)OneofthefiveA)Thetourists'gooddeedwasnotnoticedbytheSomenativesweresellingpoor-qualityfoodtoThenumberoftouriststothebeachisonasteadyItwastouristsnotnativeswhowerecleaninguptheSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Hehastoplayfootballwith C)HeisgoingtovisitaHehasgotsomebooksto D)HeisphysicallyunfitforA)Toteachkidsaboutanimal C)ToseesomerareanimalsinTolearnhowpopularzooscouldA)HeenjoysexcellentHeiskeenonextremeA)TendingtohisswollenConcentratingon

D)TogiveherlittlenephewaHecoachestennisplayerseveryHespendsmostofhistimeintheWritingthreebookPlanningChristmasQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Itisbeingdebatedbyhundreds C)Itpartlyrecordshisown

attractingmanypeople's D)ItarguesforpostponingA)OneshouldforeseeafinancialOneshouldtrustfinancialAItdoesn'tneedtobepe皿Itshouldn'tbeconsideredA)Bykeepingclosecontactwithone'sByretiringwhenonereachessixtyyears

OneshouldhaveonemilliondollarstoOneshouldstartsavingasearlyasIthelpstoreducetravelItisthewaytoquitajoboneByinvestinghalfofone'smonthlyByfollowingthecounseloffinancialSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheytendedtobeeasilyanticipatedbythosebelongingtotheirownTheytendedtobearbitrarilyjudgedbyindividualsofopposingTheywerereadilysharedamongmembersofthesamesocialorracialTheywereinfluencedbythepresenceofsomeonefromanoutsiderA)WhentheytriedtomakeapositiveimpressionontheWhenanunknownstudentfromanotheruniversitywasWhenanexperimenterfromtheresearchteamtookWhentheywereofferedbothcandyandfruitasaA)ByadvertisingitssocialByteachingconsumersdiet

BysupportingstrugglingBymaintainingitspositiveQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheacademicandlearningissuesstrugglingstudentsTheriskstudentsfaceduetoahistoryofmentalhealth22TheeffectofinteractingwiththerapydogsonstudentsunderTheworkuniversitiesaredoingtohelpstudentssucceedA)TheircommunicativeTheirexecutiveA)RidstudentsoftheirAddtosome

TheiracademicTheirleadershipContributelittletotypicalHelpstudentswithmentalissuespullQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)WorkhardandplanAttempttosucceedatanyA)RegardingfailureassomethingTryingoutinnovativemarketingA)ExpectfuturesuccesssoastomoveLearnfromourfailureandforgeA)FresherSafer

AimhighandexpectgreatRemainoptimisticeveninBeingwillingtoexperimentwithnovelDistinguishbetweengoodandbadExamineourstrategiesandfindoutMoreLessPartSection

Reading (40Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Exercisingforjust10minutesaweekislinkedtoalongerlife,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinTheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatevenlow-intensityexercise,doneforashortamountoftime,canhaveameaningful1Lonhealth.Still,theideathatexercisingforjust10minutesaweekmaybeenoughtoincreaseyourlifespanisnovel.It'salsosomewhat_JJ,sincethefederalphysicalactivityguidelinesrecommendgettingatleast75minutesofvigorousexerciseor150minutesof1Lexerciseeachweek.Thestudywasbasedondatafrommorethan88,000U.S.adultswho_22._intheNationalHealthInterviewSurveybetween1997and2008.Contrarytosomeresearchthathasfoundan_lQ_limittotheamountofexercisethatishealthy,theresearchersfoundthattherewaslLnolimittothelongevity（長壽）benefitsofexercise.Eventhesmallgroupofpeoplewhogot10timestheamountofexerciserecommendedbythefederalgovernmenthada46%lowerlLofdeaththantheleastactivegroup.Stillobservationalstudieslikethisonecannotprovecauseandeffect;theycanonlyfind＿垃—．Theresearchersalsowerenotableto_Mforcertainlifestylefactorsthatcouldaffectlifespan,including33dietaryhabitsandchangesinphysicalactivityovertime.Despitethese1.L,thestudy'sresultsareyet

0)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowClimateChangeWillAffectWhatYouEarlierthisyear,scientistswarnedthatoneinsixanimalspeciescouldgoextinct（滅絕的）duetoclimatechange.Couldthesamethinghappentoourcropsandotherfoodstuffstoo?It'sclearthatfarmersinmanypartsofthe.worldaregoingtofindthingsharderinthecomingdecades.Lastweek,BBCFutureexploredonescientist'seffortstohelpcropscopewiththeincreasedprobabilityofdroughts.Byusingthegenesfromresurrection（復(fù)活）plants,JillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeTownisexploringwhethershecandesigncropstosurviveformuchlongerperiodswithoutwater.Butifwecan'tfindwaystoprotectotherfoods,willtheysurviveclimatechange?Fortunately,thereissomegoodnewsonthisfront.Despitealarmistheadlinesabout"foodsthataregoingextinct,"thereisnoevidencethatmajorfoodtypeslikebeans,chocolate,wine,comorwheatwillceasetoexist.Butthatdoesn'tmeanit'sallgoodnewsforfuturefood.Wewillprobablyhavetochangewherewegrowcertaincrops,assomeregionsgettoohot.Thedisadvantage,obviously,isthatlocalfam汜rswillsufferunderthissituationAndsomepeoplemaystruggletogetthesameaccesstocertainfoods."Evenifoverallfoodproductionmaybeunaffected,foodsecuritycanstillbeimpacted,saysMargaretWalshascientistattheUSDepartmentofAgriculture'sClimateChangeProgramOffice.Inotherwords,evenifacertainfoodisstillgrownonsomecomeroftheEarth,itdoesn'tmeanthateveryonewillcontinuetohavethesamedegreeof.accessasOverall,theyieldsofmanyfoods,fromstaplestolife-enhancingextrassuchascoffeeandchocolate,willlikelybeimpactedbyclimatechangetoo.Howthosedecreaseswillbefeltwilldependonthedegreeofwarmingandthecropinquestion,butingeneral,"anythingoverabout30°Cisverybadforcrops,"saysWolframSchlenker,anassociateprofessorofinternationalandpublicaffairsatColumbiaUniversity.For44example,statisticalstudiesthatheandacolleaguebuiltofcornandsoybean（大豆）productionintheIntheUS—-theworld'slargestproducerofcornandsoybeans—farmscanmovenorthtosomedegree,Schlenkersays.Buteventually,yieldswilllikelysufferbecausethesoilnorthofIowadeclinesinquality—alegacyofglacial（冰川的）expansion.OtherstudiesincludingstudiesofwheatinIndiaandcominAfrica,alsofoundthatthereisathresholdabovewhichyieldssharplydecline:cropscanadaptandmove,butonlytoapoint."What'scommontoallstudiesisthefindingthatextremeheatisdamagingtocropgrowth,althoughexactcutoffsvarybycrop,Schlenkersays."Ifpredictionsfortheendofthecenturyaretruethough,IthinkalotofagriculturalareasintheUSwillseesignificanthits."Undercurrentconditions,about4%oftheworld'scroplandsexperiencedroughtinanygivenyear,butbyendofthecenturythoseconditionsareforecastedtojumptoabout18%peryear.SomestudiesindicatethattheytendtobeconfinedtoasmallergeographicareaResearcherAndrewJarvisandhiscolleaguesfoundthat80%ofcoffee-growingzonesinCentralAmericaandBrazilcouldbecomeunsuitableby2050,forexample,whileclimatechangewilllikelyhave"greatimpacts"oncocoa（可可粉）productioninWestA扣ca"Highqualitychocolatewillbelessavailableinthefuture,andifyouwantit,you'llhavetopayalotmoreforit,"Jarvissays.Thismeansthat,forthosewhocanaffordit,somefoodswillsimplycostthemmoreinthefuture.Butpoorerpeople,thosesamepricejumpswilllikelycausecertainfoodstogoextinctfromtheirdiets."Themoreyoureduce,theshorterthesupply,andthehigherthepricewilljump,"Schlenkersays.Anotherpotentialclimatechange-inducedproblemisourdependenceoncommoditycrops—wheat,soybeans,cornandrice—whichcurrentlyprovidehumanitywith75%ofitscalories,eitherdirectlyorindirectlythroughtheanimalsweraiseonthosecropsJarvisandhiscolleaguesalsofoundthatoverthepastfivedecades,theworldhasseenanincreasingstandardisationofdiets;thefoodsweeatgloballytodayare36%moresimilarthantheywerein1961.Whilethiscanbegoodnewsfortheworld'spoorestpeoplewhonowconsumemorecalories,proteinandfatthaninthepast,homogeneity（同一性）andover-dependenceonahandfulofstaplesleavesusvulnerabletothreatssuchasdrought,diseaseandpests一allofwhicharepredictedtoworseninmanypartsoftheworldasaresultofclimatechange.Therearewayswecouldsoftenthecomingblowtotheglobalfoodsupply,however.LikeFarrant'sworkwithresurrectioncrops,anumberofcompanies,organisationsandresearchersareaimingtocreatedrought-andtemperature-resistantcropsthroughgeneticengineeringandconventionalbreeding.Fornow,thejuryisstilloutastohowsuccessfulthoseendeavourswillbe."ThepeopleatMonsantowhoI'vetalkedtoaremuchmoreoptimisticthatthey'llbeabletoengineerheat-tolerantcrops,"Schlenkersays."Ontheotherhand,scientistsattheUSDAwhoI'vespokenwitharemuchmorecautious."Untilgeneticengineeringcomestofruition,otherstrategiesmightalsohelpinsomeplaces,includingapplyingmorefertiliser,implementingbetterirrigation,usingmachinerythatgetscropsoutofthefieldfasterorinstallingstoragefacilitiestodelayspoilage."Manyplacescouldbenefitagreatdealjustbyusingtechnologiesthatalreadyexist,"Walshsays."Generalfarmmanagementcangoalongwaytowardeasing55Finally,diversifyingourdietawayfromheat-sensitivewheat,com,riceandothercropscouldalsohelp."We'veseenprofoundchangesinthelastdecadesinwhatweeatlargelyasaresultofinternationaltrade,andIthinkthattrendtowardmorediversificationwillcontinue,"Jarvissays."Dependingonagreaternumberofplantspeciescreatesamorevigorousandlessriskyfoodsystem—andonethatprovidesabroaderrangenutritionalOneconsequenceofclimatechangeisthatsomepeoplemaynothaveadequateaccesstocertainPeoplearoundtheworldareeatingfoodsmoresimilarthanwhattheyusedtoArecentnewsreporttalkedaboutscientificeffortstohelpcropssurvivedroughtsthroughgeneticItispredictedthatclimatechangewillaffecttheavailabilityandpriceofqualityPeoplewonderifcertaincropsandfoodstuffscoulddisappearlikesomeanimalspeciesduetoclimateAlthoughfarmsintheUScanmoveabitnorthward,cropyieldsmayOnepossiblesolutiontothefoodsecurityproblemisdiversificationofItremainsunsettledwhethertheglobalfoodsupplyproblemcanbesolvedbycreatingheat-tolerantcropsthroughgeneticengineering.PoorpeoplemayhavetogiveupeatingcertainfoodsbecauseoftheirhighAnumberofexistingfarmingtechnologiescouldbeusedtoreducethenegativeeffectofclimatechangeonfoodproduction.SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentrePassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingOneofmybadhabitsissaying"busy"whenpeopleaskmehowI'mdoing.Sometimesit'sbecauseIactuallyambusy,butothertimesit'sbecausethat'swhatIthinkI'msupposedtosay.Thafswhatimportantpeoplesay.That'swhatpeoplewhogetpromotedsay.Butworkinglonghoursdoesn'tdrivebetterresults.Nevertakingavacationwon'tleadtoapromotion.Sowhyarewesoproudtotalkabouthowbusyweareallthetime?In2016,researchersfromColumbia,Harvard,andGeorgetownconductedastudytofigureitout.Theyfoundbusypeopleareperceivedtobeofhighstatus,andinterestingly,thesestatusattributionsareheavilyinfluencedbyourownbeliefsaboutsocialmobility.Inotherwords,themorewebelievethatonehastheopportunityforsuccessbasedonhardwork,themorewetendtothinkthatpeoplewhoskipleisureandworkallthetimeareofhigherstanding.That'swhywefeellikewehavetoappearbusy,andthere'sarealperceptionthatifsomeoneisknee-deepinmeetings,emails,andstress,thenthey'reprobablyabigdeal.Thiscultureofbusynessismakingithardfor66employeestofindwork-lifebalance.Accordingtoarecentstudyoneinfivehighlyengagedemployeesisatriskofburnout（精疲力竭）．Personally,I'mgoingtostopsaying"busy"whenpeopleaskmehowIam.Itsoundsse/f-righteous為是的）andsetsthewrongtone.PhraseslikeIhavelimitedaccesstoemail"and"I'llrespondassoonasIgetback"soundlikeyou'rebeingheldagainstyourwillfromworkingasopposedtomakingthemostofyourtimeThat'swhywerecentlylaunchedtheOutofOfficeEmailGenerator,afreetoolyoucanusebeforeyournextlongweekendortrip.Youcanshareloudandproudthatyouwon'tbecheckingemailuntilyou'reback.Managersneedtothinktwiceaboutemailingtheirteamsontheweekendandtalkingabouthowbusytheyare.Leadersshouldtaketimeoffthemselvesandencourageemployeestodothesame.Whatisareasonfortheauthortobeinthehabitofsaying"busy"whenaskedhowheisHejustfollowssuccessfulpeople's C)HethinkseveryoneshouldbedevotedtoHeisactuallyproudtobefully D)HebelievesbusynessensuresWhydowetendtothinkthatbusypeopleareofhighOurstatuscanbeattributedtooursocialWeholdthebeliefthathardworkleadstoOurownopportunityforsuccessnevercomesWefindfewpeopleofhighstatushavetimeforWhatdowelearnaboutthecultureofbusynessfromarecentItplacesemployeesinendlessmeetings,emailsandItcompelssome20%ofemployeestoappearalwaysItdistortsmanyemployees'beliefofwhatasatisfyinglifeItdoesmuchharmtomanybusyemployees'well-Whatdosuchutterancesas"Ihavelimitedaccesstoemail"soundlikeaccordingtotheOneistoobusytocheckallemailsin C)OneisforcedbycircumstancestostopOneisopposedtotheprevailingwork D)OneissimplyenjoyingtheirtimeoffWhydidtheauthorandhiscolleagueslaunchtheOutofOfficeEmailToenablebusyemployeestospendlesstimecheckingToensureemployeesaswellasemployerstrulyhavetimeTostopmanagersfromtalkingabouthowbusytheirteamsusuallyToencouragebothemployersandemployeestoanswerPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingFemaleemployeesconsistentlypaylowerairfaresthanmendoforthesameflightsbecausetheytendtobookearlier.Wecomparedtheairfarepaidbyemployeesinthesamepositionwithinacompanyforthesameoftravelandusedacommonstatisticaltechniquetoaccountforotherfactorsthatmightaffectdifferencesinairfares.Wefoundthatwomenpaidonaverage$18lessperticketthantheirmalecolleagues.77investigationallowedustoconcludethatthisgapislargelyexplainedbythefactthatwomentendedtobookearlierthanmen,1.8daysonaverage.Wewantedtodeterminewhatwascausingthesegenderdifferencesinbookingbusinesstripssowetestedavarietyofpossibleexplanations,suchaswomenchoosingtoplanaheadormalefrequenttravelersbeinginclinedtobooklate.Noneoftheseexplainedawaythegendergap,soweapplieddatacollectedfromsurveysexpressconsumerpreferencesthatplayacentralroleineconomicdecisions,suchaspatienceandriskavoidance.Wefoundthatonlytheconceptof"negativereciprocity”—inwhichanemployeewhofeelstreatedengagesinnegativebehaviors,suchasspendingtheircompany'smoneylesscarefully--explainsthesedifferences.Thesurveysshowedmentendtoexhibitmoreofthesenegativebehaviorsthanwomen.Thisisn'ttosaythatallmenengageinthesebehaviors--orthatbookingrelativelylateisasignofabnormalbehavior.Itonlymeansthatthegendergapdisappearswhenwepluginthenegativereciprocityvariable.Priorresearchonnegativereciprocityamongworkersfoundthatitcanresultinloweremployeemoti