Unit 2 Grammar and usage 選擇性必修第一冊

GrammarandusageVerb-ingformsassubjectsandobjectsUnit2TheuniversallanguageByGuWenwenExploretherulesThestoryofBoyaandZhongZiqi

ItbelongstotheclassicalChinesemusic.Manyforeignersenjoyandunderstandit.Highmountainsandflowingwater主語代詞總結(jié)：____詞和____詞可以做主語、賓語賓語名詞主語名詞賓語代詞名代TheuniversallanguageShowingqininfrontoftheforeignersmadeusveryproud.Manyforeignersareinterestedinplayingqin.Highmountainsandflowingwater總結(jié)：_________________可以做主語和賓語主語賓語v-ing（動(dòng)名詞）BeforeBoyametZiqi1.v-ing做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).2.v-ing在劇中作主語時(shí)，有時(shí)可以用形式主語it代替3.v-ing跟在動(dòng)詞，介詞和介詞短語之后做賓語4.名詞所有格+v-ing是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),此時(shí)的動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語5.v-ing的否定為not+v-ing6.v-ing的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為beingdone，被動(dòng)否定為notbeingdoneExploretherulesAfterZiqi’sdeathWhenBoyametZiqi總結(jié)：Filltheblanks1.ListeningtoBoya'smusic__________(be)akindofenjoyment.2.Playingqin_________(be)hislife.3.__________(listen)toBoya’smusicwasworthwhile.wasListeningwasItisworthwhiledoing... 做是值得的Itis________/_________doing... 做無用的Itis__________doing... 做是沒有好處的Itis__________________... 做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的Thereisnopoint(in)doing... ________________BeforeBoyametZiqiExploretherulesItwasworthwhilelisteningtoBoya’smusic.1.v-ing做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用___數(shù).2.v-ing在句中做主語時(shí)，有時(shí)可以用形式主語____代替單itnouseuselessnogoodawasteoftime做沒有意義1.Boyadidn’tsayanythingbeforeplayingtheqin,yet...2.WhenBoyacontinued

playing,ZhongZiqisaid...3.Infact,Boyahadintendedtocallthepiece…4.Fromthenon,Boyanevergottiredofsharinghismusic.confidant(知己)動(dòng)詞：like,enjoy,avoid,consider,advise,suggest,mind,keep等介詞：by,after等短語：becapableofdoing，getdowntodoing，havetroubleindoing，beusedtodoing,bebusydoing等Work

inpairs一名外國友人想了解中國的傳統(tǒng)音樂，請你給他提供一些建議。Forexample：1.Youcanenjoydoing...by...2.Isuggestdoing...after...3.Youmighthavetrouble(in)doing...4.PeopleinChinawereusedtodoing...WhenBoyametZiqiExploretherules總結(jié)：v-ing跟在____，_____和_________之后做賓語，如continue，before，gettiredof等動(dòng)詞介詞短語

Someclassical

ChinesemusicsWhite

Snow

In

Sunny

Spring《陽春白雪》High

Mountains

And

Flowing

Water《高山流水》A

Music

From

Guangling《廣陵散》ErhuChinesezitherluteChinesebambooflute1.Boyawascuriousabout___________________asexpected.2._________________________madeBoyaverysad.3._____________________withsorrowmadehimdestroyhisqin.4.

Peoplewasshockedby___________________hisqin.Boya’sbeingovercome總結(jié)： hisdestroying; Zhongziqi’spassingaway;

Ziqi’snotshowingup; Boya’sbeingovercome; Ziqi’snotshowinguphisdestroyingZhongziqi’spassingaway2.v-ing的否定為_____________3.v-ing的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為______________，被動(dòng)否定為__________I’mlookingforwardto_________________(play)thepiano.However,______________(succeed)inwatchingtheconcertmademeupsetbecauseof_______________(delay)bythetraffic.AfterZiqi’sdeathExploretherules1._______________是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),此時(shí)的動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語one’sdoingnotdoingbeingdonenotbeingdone

Langlang’splayingnotsucceedingmybeingdelayedHavingadiscussionForexample:1.Holdingmusic

festivalwillgivethepublicmorechancestoappreciatetraditionalChinesemusic.2.WecanmakemoreforeignersknowtraditionalChinesemusicby...3....HowcanwemakeourtraditionalChinesemusicknownbymoreforeigners?

competitionmediaeducation動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語和賓語一、概述”動(dòng)詞-ing形式“細(xì)分的話就是動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。實(shí)際上，這是兩種不同性質(zhì)的非謂語形式，有著不同的語法特征和作用。不同：動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing具有名詞特點(diǎn)和作用，可作主語、賓語、表語、定語。具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)和作用，可有自己的賓語和狀語，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。與be動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表明現(xiàn)在分詞具有“進(jìn)行意義”的基本功能。在句中充當(dāng)各種狀語、賓補(bǔ)以及定語，相當(dāng)于狀語從句或定語從句。區(qū)別？現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞具有名詞特點(diǎn)和作用，可作主語、賓語、表語、定語。具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)和作用，可有自己的賓語和狀語，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。與be動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表明現(xiàn)在分詞具有“進(jìn)行意義”的基本功能。在句中充當(dāng)各種狀語、賓補(bǔ)以及定語，相當(dāng)于狀語從句或定語從句。動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別標(biāo)志是什么？請觀察下列兩組短語，嘗試總結(jié)動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別。aswimmingpool游泳池awalkingsticking手杖awaitingroom候車室awritingdesk寫字臺abarkingdog一只正在叫的狗flyingbirds正在飛的鳥fallingleaves正在下落的葉子therisingsun冉冉升起的太陽動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間是目的或用途關(guān)系。與被修飾詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，擴(kuò)展為定語從句，從句能夠用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)?？偨Y(jié)：這兩種不同的修飾關(guān)系，是區(qū)分作定語的現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞的標(biāo)志！請區(qū)分下列名詞短語中動(dòng)詞-ing是動(dòng)名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞。asleepingcarasleepingboydrinkingwaterboilingwater

一節(jié)臥鋪車廂

一個(gè)正在睡覺的男孩飲用水正在沸騰的水現(xiàn)在分詞，表水發(fā)出的動(dòng)作且正在進(jìn)行。動(dòng)名詞，表車廂的用途現(xiàn)在分詞，表表男孩主動(dòng)發(fā)出睡覺動(dòng)作且正在睡覺。動(dòng)名詞，表水的用途。二、動(dòng)名詞的各種形式和語法作用1、動(dòng)名詞的一般式動(dòng)名詞的一般式主要表示抽象的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，沒有明確的發(fā)生時(shí)間。如果是一次性動(dòng)作或時(shí)間，一般為發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，偶爾在之后。Goingtobedearlyandrisingearly

isagoodhabit.Thankyouforgivingussomuchhelpyesterday.Iremember

seeinghersomewherebefore.Hesuggested

spendingtheeveningwithmyfamily.(沒有明確的發(fā)生時(shí)間)(give發(fā)生在thank之前)(see發(fā)生在remember之前)(spend發(fā)生在suggest之后)2.動(dòng)名詞的完成式動(dòng)名詞的完成式主要用來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。Latershescoldedherdaughterforhavingtalkedtoherfatherlikethat.Youcancongratulateyourselfonhavingdoneanexcellentjob.Heregretted

havingsaidsuchrudewordstoher.3.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)形式。LittleLilywasafraidof

beingleftaloneathome.Sophialikeshelpingothersandbeinghelped.Jackescaped

beinghitbyacar.Weareallexcitedforhavingbeenpraised.4.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式動(dòng)名詞的否定式由“not+動(dòng)名詞”組成。Tryingwithoutsuccessisbetterthannottryingatall.Ihavenoexcusefornotgoingwithyou.PART

01動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語表示經(jīng)常的,

習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。GoingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.坐火車去杭州大約需要16個(gè)小時(shí)。Askingawoman'sageisimpoliteinhiscountry.在他的國家，詢問女士的年齡是不禮貌的LoremIpsumLoremIpsumissimplydummytextoftheprinting.LoremIpsumissimplydummytextoftheprinting.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語>1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式直接置于句首主語的位置上Sayingiseasierthandoing.說比做容易。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)常后置，此時(shí)須用it作形式主語，用形容詞或名詞(短語)作表語。nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等。

It'snousemakinganexcuseforthis.為這件事找借口是沒有用的。常見的形容詞有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless,useful等。歸納:常用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語的句型有:

Itis/wasawasteoftimedoing..做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。Itis/wasnogood/usedoing..做是沒好處/用的。Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing...做是不值得的。Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing...做是值得的。Thereisnodoing..無法;不允許Itisworthwhilediscussingthequestion.這個(gè)問題值得討論。It'sworthmakingtheeffort.做出努力是值得的。It'sawasteoftimeplayingcomputergames.玩電腦游戲是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語Therebeno...結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于

ItisimpossibletodoThereisnosenseindoing...做沒有道理。Thereis/wasnousegood(in)doing...做沒用/好處。Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing...沒有比更糟的。

Thereis/wasnopoint(in)doing...做無意義。Thereis/wasnowaydoing..無法做注意:Thereisnoneedtodo...做沒必要。在此句式中todo不可換為doingThereisnoneedtowaitforhimanylonger.沒必要再等他了。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語VS不定式(短語)作主語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語表示泛指的行為,不定式(短語)作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。作賓語時(shí)的情況也是如此。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危險(xiǎn)。(泛指)Be

careful!

Toplaywithfireisdangerous.小心點(diǎn),玩火是危險(xiǎn)的。（指具體動(dòng)作）PART

02動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語兩種情況1.只能后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：avoid,

admit,appreciate,consider,enjoy,deny(否定),delay(延期),escape(逃避),excuse,keep,finish,fancy(夢想),suggest,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk(冒險(xiǎn))等?？谠E:避免錯(cuò)過少延期(avoid,miss,delay)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise,finish,practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)Peoplecan'thelplaughingatthatfoolishman.人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。need,demand,want,require,在表示“需要”時(shí),用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Need/demand/want/require+doing=need/demand/want/require+tobedoneThecarneedsrepairing=Thecarneedstoberepaired.有一些動(dòng)詞短語也常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語,如:insiston(堅(jiān)持),objectto(反對),begoodat,leadto,leaveoff(停止),putoff(推遲),giveup,lookforwardto,feellike(想要),devoteto(把奉獻(xiàn)給),getusedto(習(xí)慣于),payattentionto,can'thelp(禁不住),can'tstand(受不了)等。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語2.既可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式又可接不定式(短語)作賓語的動(dòng)詞：begin,start,continue,like,dislike,love,prefer,mean,forget,remember,hate,regret等。(1)在like,love,hate,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后,用動(dòng)詞-ing形式或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同,動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示泛指的動(dòng)作，不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。(2)在begin,start,continue之后,用動(dòng)詞-ing形式和不定式,意義無區(qū)別,尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時(shí)候。

(3)在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動(dòng)詞-ing形式與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生;不定式表示動(dòng)作還沒發(fā)生。Iremembertoposttheletter.我會(huì)記得去寄出這封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我記得這封信已經(jīng)寄出去了。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語trytodosth.設(shè)法做某事trydoingsth.試試做某事meantodosth.打算/有意要做某事meandoingsth.意思是/意味著做某事beusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事beusedtodosth.被用來做某事can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事can'thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事

goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做一直在做的事goontodosth.接著做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下正在做的事去做另一件事.Herememberedbeingintroducedtothegirlataparty.他記得在一次聚會(huì)上被介紹給了那個(gè)女孩Idon’tregrettellingherwhatIthought。我不后悔給她講過我的想法。Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遣憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒辦法。

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語>在allow,permit,forbid,advise,consider后直接跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語;如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，則用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。在allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider+Hisparentspermittedhimtojointhearmywhenhewasseventeen.

在他17歲的時(shí)候。父母允許他去從軍。

SbtodosthDoingsthExercises1.Scientistshaverespondedby_________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlement.2.A90-year-oldwomanhasbeenawardedTheYear”for_________(be)Austrian'soldestfull-timeemployeestillworking40hoursaweek.3.Shejustkept_________ (whisper)“1can'tbelieveyou'rehere!”4.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_________(die)earlybycycling5.Istillremember_________(visit)aCantonesefriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyears.6.

___________________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisapleasantandrewardingexperience.notingbeingwhisperingdyingvisitingTravelling/Totravel7.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term_________(consume). 8.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude___________(introduce)Austrianvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.9.Inadditiontotheirplainbeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout_________(use)electricequipment.10.Onemorning,thenativewaswaitingatthebusstop,

worriedabout_________(be)lateforthemeeting11.Theboykept_________(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingsouroverhisshoulderandshouting.consumingintroducingusingbeingridingBUSINESSTEMPLATE12.IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo_________(cycle)withstudents.13.It'squitefoggytoday.Doyoufeellike_________(stay)athomewithme? 14.Hestopped___________(smoke),havearest,andeatdessert. 根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1.看電視新聞已經(jīng)成為那位主廚的例行公事。

____________________onTVhasbecomearoutineforthechef. 2.領(lǐng)悟創(chuàng)新對我來說非常重要。

________________innovationisveryimportanttome3.有霧的天氣在海里游泳是危險(xiǎn)的。

__________________intheseaonfoggydaysisdangerous4.跟那位作曲家在一起工作是令人愉快的。

Itisapleasure________________withthecomposer.cyclingstayingtosmokeDigestingWatchingnewsSwimmingworkingcyclingstayingtosmokeDigestingWatchingnewsSwimmingworking5.那樣發(fā)展毫無意義。Thereisnopoint______________________so.6.吃完甜食后你想和我一起散步嗎?Doyoufeellike_______________withmeafterhavingdessert?7.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了曾見到那位著名作家。

Ishallnotforget______________________thefamouswriterforever.8.很遺憾,我不能接受你的觀念。Iregret ________________Ican'ttakeyourconcept9.我向你道歉，剛才對你那樣生氣。

Iapologisefor_____________angrywithyou.(in)doingHavingawalkseeingtosaybeingso10.離開幾年之后再回到家鄉(xiāng)，他感覺有點(diǎn)兒奇怪。_________________________

forseveralyears,itisastrangeexperienceforhimtoreturntothehometown.AfterbeingawayDoyoulike________(travel)?_______(stay)healthywhile_______ (travel)canhelptoensureyourtripisahappyandenjoyableone.Herearethetipsyouneed______(make)yourtripmucheasier.Makesureyouhavegota____(sign)passportandvisa.Also,beforeyougo,fillintheemergencyinformationpageofyourpassport!Maketwocopiesofyourpassportidentificationpage.Thiswillhelpalotifyourpassportis6_____(steal).Leaveonecopyathomewithfriendsorrelatives.Carrytheotherwithyouinaseparateplacefromyourpassport.Readthepublicannouncementsortravelwarningsforthecountriesyouplan______(visit).Getyourself_____(inform)oflocallawsandcustomsofthecountriestowhichyouaretravelling.Leaveacopyofyouritinerary(行程)withfamilyorfriendsathomesothatyoucanbe9________(contact)incaseofanemergency.Donotacceptpackages10______(give)fromstrangers.Donotcarrytoomuchmoneyorunnecessarycreditcards.lfyoumakeenoug