2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit5Intotheunknown預(yù)習(xí)新知早知道1教用文檔教案外研版選擇性必修第四冊

PAGEUnit5IntotheunknownⅠ.匹配詞義A．單詞匹配()1.intrigue A．n.氣旋；旋風(fēng)()2.pyramid B．n.金字塔()3.astronomy C．n.衰敗()4.tropical D．a(chǎn)dj.來自熱帶的；產(chǎn)于熱帶的()5.cyclone E．v.(因奇妙或神奇而)激起……的興 趣，引起……的新奇心()6.downfall F．n.天文學(xué)()7.megadrought G．n.超級干旱[答案]1－5EBFDA6－7CGB．短語匹配()1.fallintoruin A．相當(dāng)于()2.makeadiscovery B．收回()3.correspondto C．做動身覺；發(fā)覺()4.takeback D．將……應(yīng)用于……()5.apply...to... E．(因無人照料而)衰落，敗落[答案]1－5ECABDⅡ.默寫單詞1．civilisationn． 文明(社會)2．buryv. 將……埋在下面3．canaln. 運(yùn)輸河4．ruinn. 殘垣斷壁，廢墟5．a(chǎn)bandonv. 離棄，逃離6．dismissv. 拒絕考慮，否定7.expansionn. 擴(kuò)大；增加Ⅰ.語境填詞astronomy；dismiss；expansion；abandon；civilisation；wasburied；canal；ruin1．TheVictoriansregardedtherailwaysasbringingprogressandcivilisation．2．Thetruthhasbeenburiedinhermemorysincethen.3．Astronomyisthescientificstudyofthesun，moon，stars，planets，etc.4．Acanalisapassageduginthegroundforboatsandshipstotravelalong.5．Theoldmillisnowlittlemorethanaruin．6．Thecoldweatherforcedustoabandongoingout.7．Ithinkwecansafelydismisstheirobjections.8．Despitethedifficultiesthecompanyisconfidentoffurtherexpansion．Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilisation(civilise)amillenniumago.2．Thechildwasfoundabandoned(abandon)butunharmed.3．Thebuildingswereinaruinous(ruin)condition.4．Expansionism(expansion)wasadvocatedbymanyBritishpoliticiansinthelate19thcentury.5．Therearenopreviousstatisticsforcomparison(compare)．6．Theyquestionedtheaccuracy(accurate)oftheinformationinthefile.7．Thetestcanaccurately(accurate)predictwhatabiggerexplosionwoulddo.8．Herdismissal(dismiss)ofthethreatsseemedirresponsible.1．Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars，itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.雖然他的理論已經(jīng)被學(xué)者們所否定，但它顯示了古代瑪雅文明的奇妙在人們心中是多么的有影響力。2．...Mayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.……自19世紀(jì)被重新發(fā)覺以來，瑪雅文明始終被神奇所覆蓋。3．Whatismostextraordinaryaboutthesecomplexstructuresishowtheywerebuiltwithouttheuseofwheels，metaltoolsorevenanimalpower.這些困難建筑的最不尋常之處是它們?nèi)绾卧诓贿\(yùn)用輪子、金屬工具甚至動物運(yùn)輸?shù)臓顩r下建成的。4．OntopofallthiswasanachievementuniqueintheAmericasatthattime：atruewritingsystem.除這些之外還有一個當(dāng)時美洲獨(dú)一無二的成就：一個真正的文字系統(tǒng)。5．Itsonce-greatcitiesfellintoruin，leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.它曾經(jīng)輝煌的城市都?xì)缌?，留下了各種各樣的謎團(tuán)讓后人去解開。詞匯積累①intriguev．（因奇妙或神奇而）激起……的愛好，引起……的新奇心②makeadiscovery做動身覺；發(fā)覺③comparisonn．比較；對比；相比④correspondto相當(dāng)于；相符合⑤bebasedon...以……為基礎(chǔ)⑥spotn．斑點(diǎn)；污跡v．望見；發(fā)覺⑦dismissv．拒絕考慮，否定⑧extendv．使伸長；擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展⑨impressiveadj.令人贊美的；令人欽佩的impressionn．印象impressv．使欽佩；使仰慕；給……留下深刻的好印象⑩representativeadj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表；銷售代表?extraordinaryadj.意想不到的；令人驚異的?applyAtoB把A應(yīng)用到B?accurateadj.正確無誤的；精確的accuracyn．精確(性)；精確(程度)?charactern．(人、集體的)品質(zhì)，性格；(地方的)特點(diǎn)，特性；(事物、事務(wù)或地方的)特點(diǎn)，特征，特色?syllablen．音節(jié)?interpretv．詮釋；說明?primitiveadj.原始的；遠(yuǎn)古的?abandonv．離棄，逃離?declinev．削減，衰弱；謝絕；婉言拒絕?takeback退回；退還；歸還；收回，撤回(所說的話或想法)eq\o(○,\s\up4(21))claimv．宣稱；聲稱；斷言；要求(擁有)；索??；認(rèn)領(lǐng)；索要eq\o(○,\s\up4(22))collapsev．(突然)倒塌，坍塌；(尤指因病重而)倒下，昏倒，暈倒；(尤指工作勞累后)坐下，躺下放松eq\o(○,\s\up4(23))conflictn．沖突；爭吵eq\o(○,\s\up4(24))indicatev．表明；顯示；象征eq\o(○,\s\up4(25))playapartin貢獻(xiàn)力氣；起……作用eq\o(○,\s\up4(26))landscapen．(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風(fēng)景，景色eq\o(○,\s\up4(27))unknowinglyadv.未意識到地；不知不覺地；無意中eq\o(○,\s\up4(28))leadto導(dǎo)致；通向eq\o(○,\s\up4(29))far修飾形容詞的比較級eq\o(○,\s\up4(30))belikelytodosth.可能做某事eq\o(○,\s\up4(31))atdifferentrates以不同的速度eq\o(○,\s\up4(32))fallintoruin毀滅；毀壞eq\o(○,\s\up4(33))meanwhile＝atthesLametime＝inthemeanwhile與此同時原文呈現(xiàn)TheMysteriesofTHEMAYAIntrigued①byMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage，15-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourythoughthehadmadeanincrediblediscovery②fromhisstudyofancientstarcharts.Throughcomparison③，hefoundthatthelocationsofthe117knownMayacitiescorrespondto④thepositionsofthestars.Basedon⑤this，hebelievedhehadspotted⑥anunknownMayacityburieddeepinthejungle.Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissed⑦byscholars，itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.[1][1]該句是復(fù)合句。Although...byscholars是讓步狀語從句。Itisn'tdifficulttoseewhy.Extending⑧southfrompartsofwhatwenowknowasMexicointoCentralAmerica，Mayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.TheMayabuiltimpressive⑨palacesandtemples，includingtheirrepresentative⑩steppyramids.Whatismostextraordinary?aboutthesecomplexstructuresishowtheywerebuiltwithouttheuseofwheels，metaltoolsorevenanimalpower.[2]TheMaya'sunderstandingofmathematicsandastronomywasalsoquiteamazing.Theyappliedthisunderstandingto?theMayacalendar，whichwasaccurate?towithin30secondsperyear.OntopofallthiswasanachievementuniqueintheAmericasatthattime：atruewritingsystem.Itcontainedmorethan800characters?，withsomesignsrepresentinganimals，peopleandobjectsandothersrepresentingsyllables?.Itwasawritingsystemsocomplicatedthat，sofar，noonehasbeenabletointerpret?itcompletely.[2]此處what引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，how引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitive?makesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.[3]ButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandon?mostoftheirgreatcities.By700AD，Mayacivilisationwasatitspeak.Yet，withinjustacoupleofgenerations，itbegantomysteriouslydecline?.Thecitieswerelefttobetakenback?bythejungle.WhenEuropeansarrivedinCentralAmericaintheearly16thcenturytoclaimeq\o(○,\s\up8(21))itsriches，theremainingMayapeoplewerelivinginsmallsettlements.[3]該句中的that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，說明白thefact的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。WhyMayacivilisationcollapsedeq\o(○,\s\up8(22))remainsamystery.Wasitanaturaldisaster?Adeadlydisease?Conflictseq\o(○,\s\up8(23))betweencities?Orwasitacombinationofseveraldifferentfactors？Someresearchseemstoindicateeq\o(○,\s\up8(24))thattheMayapeoplethemselvesmayhaveplayedapartineq\o(○,\s\up8(25))theirdownfall[4]．Theyhadturnedwetlandsintofieldsforgrowinggrains，andhaddughugecanalsystems.Astheirpopulationexpanded，yetmorelandwasneededforagricultureandmoretreesforconstruction.Bychangingthelandscapeeq\o(○,\s\up8(26))inthisway，itispossiblethattheMayapeopleunknowinglyeq\o(○,\s\up8(27))reducedtheirabilitytodealwithnaturaldisasters.[4]畫線部分為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作indicate的賓語。Researchalsosuggeststhatthosenaturaldisastersmayhaveledtoeq\o(○,\s\up8(28))thedeclineoftheMaya.Somerecentstudieshavefoundthattherewerefareq\o(○,\s\up8(29))fewertropicalcyclonesthanusualbetween700ADand1000AD.Thisislikelytoeq\o(○,\s\up8(30))haveledtoaseriesofdroughts，eachlastingforacoupleofyears，includinga“megadrought”around900AD.ManyscientistsbelievethatthesedroughtswerethemainreasonwhyMayacivilisationbegantocollapseatdifferentrateseq\o(○,\s\up8(31))indifferentplaces[5]．Thesedroughtswouldhaveledtofoodshortages，conflictsand，ultimately，thedownfallofthecities.[5]畫線部分是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作believe的賓語，其中why引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞themainreason。Whateverthereasons，Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.Itsonce-greatcitiesfellintoruineq\o(○,\s\up8(32))，leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve[6].Meanwhileeq\o(○,\s\up8(33))，theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast，presentandfuture.[6]畫線部分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，在句中作結(jié)果狀語。譯文參考瑪雅人的奇妙15歲的加拿大人威廉·加杜里(WilliamGadoury)從小就對瑪雅文明很感愛好，他認(rèn)為自己從探討古代星圖中獲得了一個不行思議的發(fā)覺。通過比較，他發(fā)覺117個已知瑪雅城市的位置與恒星的位置相對應(yīng)。基于此，他信任他發(fā)覺了一個埋在叢林深處的未知的瑪雅城市。雖然他的理論已經(jīng)被學(xué)者們所否定，但它顯示了古代瑪雅文明的奇妙在人們心中是多