(全國卷)高三英語二輪復習-一-閱讀理解講義

專題一閱讀理解

習題；里_k

講評W細節(jié)理解題增分點（一）——間接細節(jié)理解題

細節(jié)理解題常分為直接細節(jié)理解題、間接細節(jié)理解題和概括細節(jié)理解題。間接細節(jié)理解

題相對于直接細節(jié)理解題而言難度要大，命題的迷惑性更大，因為此類題目的正確選項都經(jīng)

過了命題人對原文信息的語義轉(zhuǎn)換，，兩者存在表達上的差異?？忌荒軓脑闹兄苯诱业酱?/p>

案，而是要對原文信息稍加歸納才能得出正確答案。

地題感取看么考?怎么解

［典例］（2018?全國卷口閱讀B節(jié)選）

Ofthemonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,

raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白質(zhì)），ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuch

protein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物質(zhì)）.Theyellowandorangestone

fruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.As

forcherries（櫻桃），theyarcsodcliciojswhocares?However,theyarcrichinvitaminC.

24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A.Theycontainprotein.

B.TheyarehigjiinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

［解析］選c在該選段中，作者比較了草莓、藍莓、櫻桃和核桃類水果各自不同的優(yōu)點,

從其中"Asforcherries（櫻桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?”這句話可知，人們喜歡櫻桃

是因為它們味道甜美°C項中的whaveapleasanttastew與文中的"aresodelicious"意義吻合。

［干擾項分析］A項是raspberries的特征；B項是對"yellowandorangestonefruits”的特

征的曲解；D項是blueberries（藍莓）的特征°

［增分技巧］間接信息題相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強，正確選項一般都會在原

文基礎上進行改造。在做間接細節(jié)理解題時，要做到“兩關(guān)注”“一防范”。

“兩關(guān)注”是指關(guān)注正確選項的兩個特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語言（詞匯

和結(jié)構(gòu)）改頭換面，來表達相同的意思；二是對文章信息的歸納。

“一防范”是指防范干擾選項的迷惑性，錯誤選項常使用諸如張冠李戴、無中生有、曲

解文意、顛倒是非、正誤參半等方式來造成句意的改變。

刷題集訓院準度.提速度

訓練目標（一）對點練攻克失分短板

A（2018?全國卷口閱讀D節(jié)選）

Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'

tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（潤滑劑）forsocialmunication,

saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversity

Southeast."Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,“he

explains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatc

withthem.”

33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?

A.Showinggoodmanners.

B.Relatingtootherpeople.

C.Focusingonatopic.

D.Makingbusinessdeals.

解析：選B由該選段最后卡爾杜齊說的話可知，成功的閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學會怎樣與他人

產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，而不只是與他人交流，文中的connectwith與B項的relateto的含義是一致的，表

示“與……聯(lián)系”。

B（2017?全國卷II閱讀B節(jié)選）

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandthe

SundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodicin'twantmeforthefilm-it

wantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul-hestoodupforme.Iden'tknowhowmanypeople

wouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.

精品

24.Whywasthestudiounwillingto@vetheroletotheauthoratfirst?

A.PaulNewmanwantedit.

B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.

C.Hewasn'tfamousenough.

D.Thedirectorremendedsomeoneelse.

解析：選C根據(jù)選段中"Whenthestudiodidn*twantmeforthefilm—itwanted

somebodyaswellknownasPaul可知，工作室不想讓"我"拍這部電影是因為想找一名與

保羅一樣出名的演員出演。本題命題人在C項中對文中信息進行了同義替換，用famous替換

wellknowno

C（2017?全國卷山閱讀B節(jié)選）

ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthe

movieis30yearsold,mostofthe250scatswerefilledwithtcary-cycdaudiencewantingtosay

good-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemed

appropriate.ThemovieissetinasmaEtownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.

25.WhywasTheLustPictureShowputon?

A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.

B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.

C.Theaudiencerequestedit.

D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.

解析：選D根據(jù)選段中的"TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseit

seemedappropriate/可知，電影心srRcrure防ow講述的內(nèi)容和劇院的命運一樣，劇院經(jīng)

理EdBradford認為放映此部電景非常契合此時的情景。原文中的"appropriate”和D項的

“suitable”為同義詞，都表示“合適的”，故答案為D。

D（2018?北京高考閱讀A節(jié)選）

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igptthesame

medalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

精品

38.Howwastheauthor'sfirs：marathon?

A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.

C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.

解析：選A根據(jù)選段可知，作者堅持到了最后，而且得到了一關(guān)獎牌，雖然不是第一

名，由此可歸納出“他成功地跑完了這次馬拉松”。makeit意為“達到預定目標，獲得成功”。

故選A。

訓練目標（二）綜合練——提高解題速度

（加黑的題目為細節(jié)理解題，加★的為間接細節(jié)理解題）

A

ParkwayCentralLibraryEvents

SummerThymeCooks

NowthroughWednesday,May10

SummerThymeCooksisaFREEcookingprogramforteensenteringgrades7—12.1nfour

weeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsofcooking.Foodismeanttobeshared,

soeveryclassendswithafamily-stylemeal.Studcntsgohomeeachweekwithanewrecipeanda

grocerybagfilledwithhealthy,freshingredients（原料）sotheycancookwiththeirfamilies!

Questions?CallJamieat215-685-5323.

WctheDetectivesFamilyFun

Monday,May15

Thebestwayforyouthandfamiliestospotwhat'sinsideourdoor$istoattendourFamily

Event,takingplaceonMay15from10：30a.m.to12：30p.m.Thisannualtraditionisamuch-beloved

opportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.ThisyearfsFamilyEventwillfeature（以...為特色）

uniqueandinterestingbrunchfoods,andadetectiveston'timewithourlibrarians.

Cost:$50Adult；$25Child（ages3—16）;Freeforchildrenunder3.

Formoreinformation,pleasecali215-567-7710.

TheArtofics

Nowthrou^iSaturday,May20

215-686-5403

Anexhibitionofbooksshowsthehistoryofpictorialstoryrtelling.Theartofseveralpioneersin

精品

themediumisondisplay,includingworksbyHokusai,RodolpheTopffer,andWilhelmBusch.

精品

SundayLiteracyProgram

Sunday,May21

215-686-5369

Thisprogramoffersdrop-inassistancetostudentsstrugglingtoreadinthe1stthrough3rd

grades.Bothofthetwosessionswillincludethefollowingparts:ReadAloud,IndependentReading,

LiteracyGamesandWriting.

Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.

語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了美國一家圖書館的活動。

★1.Whatareparticipantsrequiredtodoatthecookingprogram?

A.Sharefood.

B.Bringrecipes.

C.Cookwiththeirfamilies.

D.Learnbasiccookingskills.

解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。題干的關(guān)鍵信息為cookingprogram,根據(jù)第一項活動Summer

ThymeCooks中的Infourweeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsof

cooking."可知，參與該活動的人將會學習基本的京飪技巧。D項中的"basiccookingskills"

是對文中"fundamentalsofcooking*的同義替換。

2.Whencanyoulookaroundthelibrary?

A.OnMay10.B.OnMay15.

C.OnMay20.D.OnMay21.

解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。第二項活動中提到"Thisannualtraditionisamuch-beloved

opportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding/,由此活動的時間Monday,May15可知答案。

3.HowdoestheSundayLiteracyProgramdifferfromtheothers?

A.It'sfreeofcharge.B.It'sfamily-friendly.

C.Itrequiresregistration.D.Itisintendedforadults.

解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.”

可知，第一次參加SundayLiteracyProgram需要注冊，而其他三項活動并未提及此點，故選C

項。

B

精品

It'sonlybeentwoweekssinceMontanaBrownbeganworkingattheAflacCancerCenterof

Atlanta,butshesaid,“ThejobismorethananythingIcouldaskfbr.lt*ssocooltojustbeatthe

placewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceoverthekids.”

Brownwasjusttwowhenshewasdiagnosed（診斷）withrhabdomyosara,araretypeof

cancer.Shereceivedtreatmentforayearandthenthediseasewascontrolled.

Butattheageoffifteen,shewasdiagnosedagainwiththesamecancerandhadtoreceive

treatmentforanotheryear.Shewasalsotoldthatshehadtostopdancing,oneofherhobbies.

Brownsaidsherememberedjusthowpassionate（有同情心的）thenurseswereduringthat

difficultdme.Soshedecidedtogivebackinthesamewaythenursesdidwithherwhenshewasinthe

hospital.

aAround10thor11tligrade,Istartedtliinkingaboutwhattomajorin,“Brownsaid."lknew

IwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatIwantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgivethemhope

andinspiration.Thcmore1thoughtaboutit,thebetter1knewbeinganursewouldbethegreatestfield

forme."ShereceivedadegreeinnursingfromAugustaUniversitylastyear.

CarolineRooke,thenursemanagprattheAflacCancerCenter,said.uBrown'$experiencesmake

heraspecialpartoftheteam.Shewouldimprovethecareexperiencethatwecanofferourpatients.lt，

sherspecialwayofgivingback/"

語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。MontanaBrown兩歲的時候就被查出患有癌癥，并在醫(yī)

院接受了治療。為了回報社會，她在大學學習護理專業(yè)，畢業(yè)后成為那家醫(yī)院的一名護士。

★4.WhatdoesMontanaBrownthinkofherjob?

A.Amazing.B.Interesting.

C.Boring.D.Demanding.

解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Brown所說的話“ThejobismorethananythingI

couldaskfbr.lt'ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceoverthe

kids.”可知，她認為回到這家醫(yī)院工作是一件很酷的事情，她對此很滿意，故正確答案為A。

A項"Amazing”與文中的"socool”為同義表達。

★5.WhydidMontanaBrownchoosetobeanurse?

A.Shebelievedthisfieldwassocool.

B.Shewantedtoinspiremorepatients.

C.Shehopedshecouldcureherillness.

精品

D.Sheintendedtogetsomeex^erience.

解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“IknewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatI

wantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgjvethemhopeandinspiration.w可知，她之所以選擇當

一名護士，是因為她想幫助更多的人，想用自己的故事給別人希望和鼓舞。B項中的“inspire”

與"inspiration"的意思是一致的。

6.WhatcanwelearnfromBrownsstory?

A.Nodifficultycanmakeuslosehope.

B.Itisimportanttochooseaproperjob.

C.Nothingcanpreventusachievingourgoals.

D.Anyonehastheabilitytogivebacktosociety.

解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段、第五段的內(nèi)容以及最后一段護士長的話“k's

herspecialwayofgivingback."可知，Brown在接受治療期間從護士那里感受到了愛心與照顧，

這促使她畢業(yè)后選擇成為一名護士，以此回報社會。她的故事告訴我們：每個人都有回報社

會的能力。

C

CourtneyHolmesoffershisyoungcustomersalittlesomethingextrawiththeirhaircuts.

“Hey,howareyoudoing?Whatgradeareyouin?What,syourfavoritebook?Yeah,Igotit/

Ifyouthougjityou'dwalkedintoalibrarywithagreetinglikethat,youwoukln'tbetoofaroff.lnfact,

you'veenteredtheworkplaceofCourtneyHolmes,theStorybookBarber.

Twoyearsago,Dubuque,Iowa,helditsfirstannualBacktoSchoolBash,offeringneedyfamilies

achancetolearnaboutfreeresourcesinthemunity.Holmesagreedtotakepartinit.Hewasholding

downtwojobsatthetime-onewiththecity'spublicworksdepartment,theotherasa

barber.Saturdaywashisbusiesthaircuttingday,buthechosetodevotehistimetounderprivileged（底

層的）kidssothey'dlooksharponthatfirstdayofclasses.Butthenhehadasuddenidea."Thekids

shouldearntheirfreehaircutbyhavingtoreadabooktome."Holmessaid.

TheideawassopopularthathecontinueditthefirstTuesdayofeverymonthforthenexttwo

years.5-to1O-year-oldkids,wouldholdafavoritebook,settleintothebarberchair,andreadaloud

whileHolmesgavethemahaircutlftheyhadanydifficulty,Holmeswastheretohelp.Afterthehaircut,

they,dreviewthebook,fromthecharactersandvocabulariestothethemes-justlikeinschool,only

morefun.Thesekidsareeagertolearn,“saidHolmes."Andtheyareabletoopentheirhearts

精品

there.

精品

Holmesadmitshe,too,benefitsfromtheactivity.wTherewasaseven-year-oldboywho

struggledthroughhisbook,stuttering（□吃）overwordseventhoughhedidn'thaveastutter,“said

Holmes.Hehadtheboytakethebookhomeandpractice."Whenthechildcamebacknexttime,he

readitwithnoproblems.Thatinspiredme.”

語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。熱心人士CourtneyHolmes為學生提供免費理發(fā)服務的同

時，還為他們創(chuàng)造了讀書的良好氛圍。

★7.WhydidHolmestakepartinBacktoSchoolBash?

A.Tocammoremoney.

B.Tohelppoorkidslookgood.

C.Toreducetheparents'pressure.

D.Toworkinthelocalschools.

解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的**buthechosetx>devotehistime...sothey,dlook

sharponthatfirstdayofclasscs，>可知，Holmes提供免費的理發(fā)，讓孩子們在開學時顯得精神

些。B項中的“l(fā)ookgood"就是對"looksharp"的同義替換。

★8.HowoftendidHolmesprovidefreehaircutsduringthetwoyears?

A.EverySaturday.B.Everyweekend.

C.Onceamonth.D.Onceayear.

解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，在兩年的時間內(nèi)，Holmes在每個月

的第一個星期二都會為孩子們提供免費服務，也就是每個月一次。C項是對“thefirstTuesday

ofeverymonth”的信息歸納。

9.WhatcanwelearnaboutHolmes'youngcustomers?

A.Theyaresmdentswithreadingproblems.

B.Theylearnmoreherethaninschool.

C.TheygetalongwellwithHolmes.

D.Therearemoreboysthangirls.

解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“*Thesekidsarceagertolearn,，saidHolmes.）

Andtheyareabletoopentheirheartsthere.'"可知，孩子們在理發(fā)店里能和Holmes敞開心扉，

說明他們與Holmes相處得很好。

10.WhatcanwebestdescribeHolmesas?

精品

A.Ahard-workingbarber.

B.Akind-heartedvolunteer.

C.Abusyandlovingparent.

D.Aresponsiblesocialworker.

解析：選B推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文可知，Holmes兩年的時間內(nèi)定期為孩子們提供免費

理發(fā)服務，并與他們交流，輔導他們讀書，是一位熱心的志愿者。

D

（20181鄭州第二次質(zhì)量檢測）Chinesemovietheatersareneverrunningshortofyouth

films.Youch｛《芳華》）,directedbyFengXiaogang,wasreleasedinDecember,2017andhitthe

screen.Butthisoneisdifferent:Itisdedicatedtotheyouthofourparents'generation.

Setinthe1970s,thestorybeginsinamilitaryarttroupe（演出團），in

whichthesoldiers'dutiesaretosing,danceandpromoteculture.HeXiaoping,

anewer,isatalenteddancer.Withapainfulchildhood,shewantstomakea

freshstartinthetroupe,yetherfamilybackgroundmakesherthelaughing

stock（笑柄）amongthegirls.TheonlypersonwhoisnicetoherisLiuFeng,a

kindandunselfishman.

Inmostyouthfilms,thecharacters,lifepathsareonlyinfluencedbytheirownchoices.However,

theyoungpeopleinYoutharealsoapartof“thewhirlwind（旋風）ofhistoricalchanges”,asfilm

criticJustinChangwroteintheLosAngelesTimeslnaperiodofmorethan30years,theyhaveto

experiencetheculturalrevolutionw（1966—1976）andtheSino-VietnameseWar,duringwhichLiu

FenglosesonearmandHeXiaopingsuffersfromamentalillness.Thedisbandment（解散）ofthe

troupealsotearsthemawayfromthelifeandpeopletheyaresofamiliarwith,throwingthemintoa

newlifetheyknownothingabout.

Theyallhavetolearn“tomakepeacewiththepastandmakethemostofthepresentw,wrote

GiovannaFulvionthewebsiteTIFF.

Butthere'sstillsomethingthatneverchangesaboutyouth.Nomatterwhattimeofhistoryitis,

peoplesharethesamelongingforloveandbeauty.Sunshine,laughterandswimmingpools-these

typicalimagesofyouthareallwellkeptinMr.Feng，snewfilm.

Accordingtoifeng.,Youthisactuallyanostalgic（懷舊的）andpersonalworkthatMr.Feng

dedicatestohisownexperiencesofworkinginatroupe.wWhenIlookbackintime,everythingelsein

精品

mylifeseemstobeblackandwhite>hesaid."Thedaysinthetroupearetheonlypartofmy

memorythatalwaysremainscolorful/

精品

語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了馮小剛導演的《芳華》這部電影的背景、主

要人物和內(nèi)容等。在不同的歷史時期，青春是有共性的。

11.WhatinfluencedHeXiaoping*sandLiuFeng'slivesmost?

A.Historicalchanges.

B.Theirownpersonalities.

C.Theirfamilybackgrounds.

D.Theirlongingforloveandbeauty.

解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“However,theyoungpeopleinYoutharc

alsoapartof'thewhirlwind（旋風）ofhistoricalchanges'”可知，歷史的變化對《芳華》中的

何小萍和劉峰的生活的影響是最大的，故答案選A。

★12.WhydidFengXiaogangdirectthefilmYou此

A.Toshowthecrueltyofthewar.

B.Tourgepeopletovaluetheiryouth.

C.Torecallthedayswhenheworkedinatroupe.

D.Todescribethelifeduringthe**culturalrevolution”（1966—1976;.

解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Accordingto...Mr.Fcngdedicatestohis

ownexperiencesofworkinginatroupe/可知，馮小剛拍攝《芳華》這部電影，是為了紀念自

己曾經(jīng)在劇團里工作的經(jīng)歷，故答案選C。C項是對文中信息的同義替換。

13.Whatdoweknowabouttheyouthindifferentgenerationsaccordingtothetext?

A.Theyalltreatsunshineandlaughterasthetypicalimagesofthemselves.

B.Inourparents'generation,theydon'tlovcbeautyduetohardlife.

C.Theylongfortotallydifferentthingsvaryingfromgenerationtogeneration.

D.Thoughtheyliveindifferenttimes,theystillhavesomethinginmon.

解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Butthere'sstillsomethingthatneverchanges

aboutyouth/可知，關(guān)于青春，有的東西是永遠不會改變的，也就是說，青春是有共性的，

故答案選D。

精品

習題；里一

講評扉一.

細節(jié)理解題增分點（二）——概括細節(jié)理解題

助題感取看么考?怎么解

［典例］（2018?全國卷m閱讀C節(jié)選）

Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentagesJFieaskedtheworkersto

usetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.Thiscreationattractedalot

ofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodemandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.

Wang*sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeof

traditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,

thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.

30.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?

A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.

B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.

C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.

D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.

［解析］選D根據(jù)選段第一段第三句"Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoits

mixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）和選段第二段第二句中的“Through

suchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecturew可知，傳究與現(xiàn)代元素的和諧共

存是王滿建筑設計成功的秘訣，故選D。

［干擾項分析］A項錯在shapes,不是形狀的混合，是現(xiàn)代和傳統(tǒng)中國元素的混合；B項

錯在EastandWest,是modernarchitecture和agoodknowledgeoftraditions的平衡；C項錯在

popular,根據(jù)選文第一段第二句可知應是traditionalo

［增分技巧］概括細節(jié)理解題要求通過思維分析將原文中比較分散或復雜的信息進行歸

納概括，即要“綜合事實定答案”。容易做錯的原因是沒有全面分析所涉及的相關(guān)信息，只

是單一地、孤立地分析某句內(nèi)容從而不能做出符合題干條件的選擇。

⑴通過關(guān)鍵詞定區(qū)間。就是說我們在閱讀題干的時候迅速把題干中的關(guān)鍵詞標記出來，

然后根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回到原文當中定位相關(guān)的段落、語句。

⑵通過概括定選項。概括細節(jié)理解題可能涉及文章某一段或幾段，甚至貫穿全文的各個

精品

位置，需要考生尋找文章中的多個細節(jié)。然后嘗試用自己的語言去歸豹文中的信息或事實,

然后再看選項，挑選出和自己所歸納的信息最接近的選項作為正確答案。

精品

（3）兼用排除法解題。在遇到模棱兩可、難以做出選擇的答案時，也可采用排除法，將“無

此細節(jié)”和“與此細節(jié)相反”的選項排除。

刷題集譏院準度.提速度

訓練目標（一）對點練攻克失分短板

A（2018?北京高考閱讀C節(jié)選）

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticever}'year.Almost

halfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場），andupto12milliontors

pollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewgreaterwaxmoth

studysu^estsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungn-worms.

ResearchersinSpainandEn討andrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcan

breakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Thcteamleft100waxwormsona

mcrcialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92

milligrams,oralmost3%oficToconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthe

polyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（相狀物）andapplieditto

plasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass-apparentlybrokendownby

enzymes（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiolog）rin2017.

43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheirev-rydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

解析：選C根據(jù)第一段中的"anewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsof

somehungryworms”以及第二段中的"ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthe

wormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene...andthewormsconsumedandbroke

downabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.”概括可知大蠟螟幼蟲能吃塑料，故選C。

精品

B（2018?浙江高考閱讀B節(jié)選）

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthat

he'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbage

trucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsis

defendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintree

branchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts（收銀

臺）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingthese

headwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomaketheca$ethattheirproductsare

notasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

24.VCTiathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

解析：選D根據(jù)第一段中的"isdefendinganindustry"和第二段中的"arehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarcnotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeople

assume”概括可知塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用StevenStein是為了說明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人認為

的那樣對地球有害。故選D。

C（2017?北京高考閱讀A節(jié)選）

Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefbre.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn'tthink

sheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.

“itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,“saysTaylor.

TaylorJsswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Oncgirlcalled911.Twomorerantoget

theschoolnurse,whobrou^itadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice（器械）thatcanshocktheheartback

intowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'sheartbeatreturned.

ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesingebestchancefbrsurvivalishaving

精品

someonenearbystepinanddoCPRcuickly.

精品

57.WhydocsParissayshewaslucky?

A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.

B.Sherecoveredfromshock.

C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.

D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.

解析：選C根據(jù)選文第一段中的"Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParis

andbegandoingCPR."以及選文第二段“在隊友和學校護士的幫助下Paris的心跳恢復了

(Paris'sheartbeatreturned.)w以及選文第三段中的wForasuddenheanfailure,thesinglebest

chanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly”概括可知，Paris說她很

幸運是因為她得到了及時的心肺復蘇(CPR)救助。

D(20I7?江蘇高考閱讀B節(jié)選)

Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistat

FlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswere

foundtorepeatonesoundoverandeveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whcntheeggswerehatched,

thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feed

me!”call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthe

red-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongl)ird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67

nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thcntheyidentifiedbeggingcallsby

analyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothers

andchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemore

frequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies'beggingcalls.Inaddition,

theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitated

theirmom'svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.

59.WhatareKleindorfer*sfindingsbasedon?

精品

A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.

B.Theobservationoffain,wrensacrossAustralia.

C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland'slocals.

D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.

解