2024年新高一英語初升高銜接《動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致》含答案解析

英語PAGE1英語專題01動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致目錄考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺牛刀小試：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練，能力提升學(xué)以致用：提升專練，全面突破考點(diǎn)一一般時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)二進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)三完成時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)四完成進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)五被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)六主謂一致考點(diǎn)一一般時(shí)態(tài)(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1．表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞(詞組)always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,everyday/night等連用。OnMondaymorningsitusuallymeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.周一早晨開車上班我一般要花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí)，雖然實(shí)際距離只有20英里。2．按時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come,close等動(dòng)詞。Theshopat11：00p．m.everyday.這家商店每天晚上11點(diǎn)關(guān)門。3．如果主句用一般將來時(shí)，那么在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhethanwhenhestarted.這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時(shí)比他剛上任時(shí)更富有?；A(chǔ)題1.Hisparentshopehecanfollowhisheartwhenhe(選擇)hisjob.

2.ChineseLanguageDayonApril20theveryyear，thesamedayasGuyu.(fall)

3.Worryisatotalwasteoftime.It(notchange)anything.

(二)一般過去時(shí)1．表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與often,usually,seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。還可以表示在過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，常與yesterday,theotherday,lastweek,thedaybeforeyesterday等過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smithinlovewiththepeopleandculturethere.史密斯先生到中國幾個(gè)月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。2.有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，但實(shí)際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時(shí)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有know,think,expect,want等。Edward,youplaysowell.ButIyouplayedthepiano.愛德華，你彈得真好。但是我原來不知道你會(huì)彈鋼琴?；A(chǔ)題1.Fiveminutesago，Linda(鎖)thedoorandleftwithhermum.

2.Hobohasjustmovedhereandthisisthethirdtimehehas(迷失)hisway.

3.I(hear)frommyparentsonceamonthwhenIwasatprimaryschool.

4.QiBaishi(start)tolearnpaintingbyhimselfatayoungageandfinallyachievedagreatsuccess.

5.AssoonasMumgothomeyesterday，she(hang)hercoatbehindthedoorandwenttothekitchentopreparesupper.

(三)一般將來時(shí)1．“shall/will＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語tomorrow,nextyear,in＋一段時(shí)間等連用。其中shall通常用于第一人稱，will通常用于各種人稱?！皐ill＋動(dòng)詞原形”還可以表示說話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswithsuccessintheend.學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的努力(將來)一定會(huì)得到回報(bào)?！猈hattimeisit?——幾點(diǎn)了？—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iitforyou.——我不知道。但是請(qǐng)稍等，我給您查查。2．“begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,Beijingthissummer.史密斯博士將在今年夏天與他的妻子和女兒們一起游覽北京。Look,darkcloudsaregathering.Itsoon,Ithink.瞧，烏云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。3．“beto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；也可表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、禁止等。Youinyourpapersby10o’clock.到10點(diǎn)你必須得上交試卷。Ameetingat3o’clockthisafternoon.會(huì)議將于今天下午3點(diǎn)舉行。4．“beaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來時(shí)間狀語連用，可以和并列連詞when(＝andatthis/thattime)引導(dǎo)的從句連用。Tomthewindowshisattentionwascaughtbyabird.湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時(shí)一只鳥引起了他的注意?；A(chǔ)題1.—Amy，doyouknowhowtomakeaQRcode?—Ofcourse.I(show)youthesteps.

2.Keepyoureyesopen，oryou(miss)themostexcitingmomentofthemagic.

3.Butsurely,peoplebelieve,hisdream(come)trueinthenearfuture.

4.Aslongasyouputinmoreeffort,youprogressinyourschoolwork.(make)

一般時(shí)提高題單句語法填空1．ThisancientChineseart,knownasdragonscalebookbinding(裝訂),________(stretch)backmorethan1，000yearstotheTangdynasty.[2023·武漢市部分學(xué)校調(diào)研]2．Intherace,adrummer________(use)alargetraditionalwoodendrumtokeepthepaddlersonthebeat,whileasteersmaninthebackkeepsthemintheirlane.[2023·南京市高三年級(jí)學(xué)情調(diào)研]3．Accordingtothelatestdata,thetotalareaofChina'smangroveforestsin2020________(be)289squarekilometers,andover70squarekilometersofmangrovesarenewlyplantedandrestorednow.[2023·山東省高三百師聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考]考點(diǎn)二進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，雖然此時(shí)此刻該動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行。Wetodayastrangenewworldandwewhatwearegoingtodowithit.我們今天面對(duì)的是一個(gè)陌生的新世界，并且我們都在想我們將要怎么對(duì)待它。2．表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear,runout等，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的事。Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.洪災(zāi)區(qū)的食物供給快要用完了。我們必須在食物吃完前立刻行動(dòng)?；A(chǔ)題1.hewholetownisctheopeningofthenewbridgewithahugeparty.

2.Itseemsthatfamiliesaremoreandmoretimetogether.(spend)

3.Look!Thechildren(circle)arobot，talkingaboutsciencedevelopment.

4.—Hello，isthatJamesspeaking?—Sorry，thisisJohn.James(have)supper.

5.—Whyareyousobusythewholeafternoon?—We(plan)tohaveafashionshowforpoorchildrenthisFriday.

(二)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1．表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句以及時(shí)間狀語atthattime,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno’clockyesterday等連用。Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.蘇珊已經(jīng)辭去了高薪的工作。去年當(dāng)我探望她的時(shí)候，她正在一個(gè)社區(qū)里做志愿者。2．表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。Jackinthelabthepowercutoccurred.突然斷電時(shí)，杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作?；A(chǔ)題1.—Andy，whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?—IthefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjinwithmysister.

A.watchB.watchedC.waswatchingD.amwatching2.Thefarmer(harvest)cropsinthefieldfrom8a.m.to1p.m.yesterday.

3.Whilewe(eat)breakfast,Claudiowentupstairstocollecthisthings.

(三)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用，如atthistimetomorrow,bythen,from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecausesheaclassatthattime.簡不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)間段她有課。進(jìn)行時(shí)提高題單句語法填空/完成句子1．Nowthelocalauthorities________(work)tostandardizeandmodernizeoperationsattherestaurantstoturnthebrandintoasuccessfulandsafefoodbusinessworldwide.[2023·遼寧省五校聯(lián)考]2．Listen!Mary________________________．聽！瑪麗正在教室里唱一首英文歌。3．He________________________from3：00to5：00yesterdayafternoon.昨天下午從3點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)他一直在家看電視。4．They____________________atthestation.他們會(huì)在車站接我們的?？键c(diǎn)三完成時(shí)態(tài)(一)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1．表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語有already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,inthelast(past)fewdays/years,uptonow,tillnow,sofar等。Themusicianalongwithhisbandmemberstenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.在過去的三個(gè)月里，這位音樂家和他的樂隊(duì)成員們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了十場(chǎng)演出。2．表示從過去某時(shí)開始而延續(xù)至今(可能還要延續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for＋時(shí)間段等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。—Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?——我記得你在大學(xué)時(shí)是一位極有才華的鋼琴師。你能為我彈鋼琴嗎？—Sorry,thepianoforyears.——抱歉，我已經(jīng)好多年沒有彈鋼琴了。Hisfirstnovelgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說自上個(gè)月出版以來就獲得了很好的評(píng)價(jià)。3．在條件和時(shí)間狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)間前已完成的動(dòng)作。Willyoucometomyofficewhenyouyourwork?你完成工作后到我辦公室來一下，好嗎？名師點(diǎn)津一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)用于敘述過去的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所敘述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)或某段時(shí)間，該動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，可能對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，也可能一直持續(xù)下去Mr.SmithinBeijingfor5years.(現(xiàn)在還在北京住著)Mr.SmithinBeijingfor5years.(現(xiàn)在已不在北京)基礎(chǔ)題1.—MayIspeaktoWangLi?—Sorry，sheisnotathome.Shesincelastmonth.

A.leftB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayD.wentaway2.SofarsomestatesintheUSA(introduce)anewwaytoavoidthis—TrafficSchool.

3.Theriverhasrseveralmeterssofarbecauseoftherainstorms.

4.Throughstorytelling,mychildren'sthinkingskillsalotsincetheywere3yearsold.(develop)

5.—ShallwegototheartexhibitionthisSunday?—Goodidea,butI(promise)togotothelibrarywithmysister.

(二)過去完成時(shí)1．表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過去的過去。句中一般有明確的表示“過去的過去”的時(shí)間狀語(從句)。但在語法填空題中很多時(shí)候需要通過上下文來判斷。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonfromcollege.杰克從英國回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。2．表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語有before,bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime＋從句等。IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyforme.過了好久我才能夠完全理解他們?yōu)槲易瞿切┦隆?．表示“愿望，打算”的動(dòng)詞(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于過去完成時(shí)表示過去本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或計(jì)劃。ItosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn’tmanageit.我本希望送給彼得一個(gè)禮物祝賀他結(jié)婚了，但我沒能做到。名師點(diǎn)津常使用完成時(shí)的句型(1)This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time＋thatsb.has/havedone；This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time＋thatsb.haddone這是某人第幾次做某事。(2)It/Thisis/wasthe＋最高級(jí)＋名詞＋(that)定語從句，從句中的謂語用完成時(shí)。(3)Itis/hasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋sincesb.did；Itwas/hadbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋sincesb.haddonesth.自從某人做某事以來多久了。(4)hardly/scarcely...when.../nosooner...than...一……就……。主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。考點(diǎn)四完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1．表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常見的時(shí)間狀語有allthismorning,thismonth,thesefewdays,since和for引導(dǎo)的狀語從句等。I’mtiredout.IallafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.我累壞了。我整個(gè)下午都在購物，我好像什么事也沒完成。Tominthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.在過去的三個(gè)月里，湯姆每天晚上都在圖書館工作。2．所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。Thestudentshardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的努力(將來)一定會(huì)得到回報(bào)。提高題1．Sincethen,allgovernmentunits,organizationsandstreetscommunities________(organize)ayearlyautumntripforthosewhohaveretiredfromtheirposts.[2023·泰安市高考全真模擬]2．Inthepastfewyears,thecountry________(enhance)legalandtechnologicalsupportfortheprotectionofitsworldnaturalheritage,establishingamanagementsystemwithChinesecharacteristics.[2023·湖北省第一次質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)]3．OpeninginJuly,theexhibitionwilllastforthreeyears.ItisthefirsttimethattheDunhuangAcademy________(hold)suchalongexhibitioninBeijing.[2023·高三日照市校際聯(lián)合考試]4．Bytheendof2021,the“digitalDunhuangproject”______________(complete)thedigitalcollectionof268grottoes.[2023·聊城模擬]考點(diǎn)五被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be＋過去分詞”，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有g(shù)et/become＋過去分詞。只有及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞或短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1．各種時(shí)態(tài)中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法(1)不知道或沒有必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Attention，please!Ameetingintheofficeat8：00a.m.tomorrow.Everyonetoattendontime.請(qǐng)注意！明天上午八點(diǎn)在辦公室召開會(huì)議。望大家準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者Thewomantohospital.那位女士被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。(3)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者被較長的修飾語修飾。Theideabythosewhowishedtomakemuchmoney.想掙許多錢的人們支持那個(gè)主意?！久麕熤附颉竣賱?dòng)詞短語在含被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中作謂語時(shí)，切不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。Theplan．這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃就要被放棄了。Badhabits．壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改掉了。②含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞Hefromgoing.必須阻止他去。Theplanintopracticeassoonaspossible.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該盡早執(zhí)行。③“get＋過去分詞”可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。Thepatientonceaweek.那位病人一周治療一次。Hefelloffthecarand．他從汽車上掉下來，摔死了。3．主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義(1)表示感受、感官的系動(dòng)詞如feel,sound,taste,look等，后面跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，指其本身具有的屬性、特征等。Hervoice．(2)當(dāng)sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物動(dòng)詞后帶狀語(well/easily等)修飾，用來表示主語內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Themusicisn't．這音樂不好聽。Thiskindofradiodoesn't．這種收音機(jī)銷路不好?；A(chǔ)題1.iangsuautomatic(自動(dòng)的)testoflisteningandspeaking(hold)inAprileveryyear.

2.You(expect)tobemoreorganizedinhighschool.Soyoucankeepadiary.

3.Itissaidthatthismuseum(name)afterQuQiubaimanyyearsago.

4.Theplantheypaidmuchattentionto(discuss)attomorrow’smeeting.

5.Luckily，manytraditionalartformslikeWuxiOpera(pass)onandstayalive.

6.Inthepastsixmonths，alotoftalentshowsonTV(cancel).It’sbelievedthatthegovernmenthasactedtocleanuptheentertainmentindustry.

提高題單句語法填空1．Rightnowmorethan9，800companiesareprovidingsuchservices,ofwhichover1，800________(establish)lastyear.[2023·嘉興市高三基礎(chǔ)測(cè)試]2．Nowadays,tofu________(serve)inamodernway.Inmanyfinediningrestaurants,thetastingmenuisdesignedarounditstextures.[2023·南京六校高三調(diào)研]3．Theconcept________(spread)intotheworldsofmusic,danceandTVdramassofar.[2023·煙臺(tái)市高三考前熱身]4．Theexamquestionsshouldfocusonbasicknowledgeandskills,andthenumberofquestionsfocusingonrote(死記硬背的)learningshould________(reduce),thenoticesaid.[2023·重慶市高三第一次診斷]考點(diǎn)六主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。（1）語法一致原則主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1．動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Allthescientificevidenceshowsthatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarmingdamagingourhealth.所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)都表明，在農(nóng)業(yè)中使用越來越多的化學(xué)品正在危害著我們的健康。Everythinginacompletemass,whichdrivespeoplecrazy.所有的事情都毫無頭緒，讓人發(fā)瘋。Whathesaidfarfromthetruth.他的話與事實(shí)相差太遠(yuǎn)了。2．主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。Amy,aswellasherbrothers,givenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.上周埃米和她的哥哥們回到村莊時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。IthinkTom,ratherthanyoutoblamefortheaccident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)任。3．a(chǎn)nd,both...and...連接兩個(gè)不同的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Steamandicedifferentformsofwater.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。名師點(diǎn)津如果and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thewriterandprofessor,whoIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,ispopularamongthosepeople.我在會(huì)議上經(jīng)常提到的那位作家兼教授，在那些人中很受歡迎。4．定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。ThisisoneofthenovelsthateverbeenwrittenbyMoYan.這是莫言所寫的小說之一。Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowellinclass.她是班里女生中唯一一個(gè)歌唱得很好的。5．“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each,every,no所修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。Manyaparenthadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段痛苦的過程。EveryboyandeverygirltoattendthepartyheldonSunday.每個(gè)男生和女生都希望參加周日的聚會(huì)。（2）意義一致原則意義一致原則指不管主語的形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語的意義決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1．集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成整體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。Thewholeclass,whichmadeupoftwentyboysandfifteengirlstoldtostaybehindafterschooltohaveanimportantmeetingyesterday.這個(gè)班由20個(gè)男生和15個(gè)女生組成。昨天全班學(xué)生被告知放學(xué)后留下來開一個(gè)重要的會(huì)。名師點(diǎn)津形式為單數(shù)但意義為復(fù)數(shù)概念的police,people等集合名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolicesearchingforthemurdererinthemountain.警察正在山里搜尋殺人犯。2．“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/themajority＋of＋名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；all,some,half,most,therest等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。Aboutonethirdofthebooksworthreading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。Altogethermorethan70percentofthesurfaceoftheearthcoveredbywater.總共有超過70%的地球表面被水覆蓋。3．“the＋形容詞”表示一類人，在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thesickbeencuredandthelostbeenfound.病人已被治愈，失蹤的人也都找到了。4．a(chǎn)quantityof后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義。quantitiesof后無論是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞均用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Aquantityoftimebeenwastedontheproject.大量的時(shí)間被浪費(fèi)在了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上。Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearthbeingwashedawayeachyear.由于更多的森林被毀，每年有大量的沃土被沖走。5．“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，“thenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedonehundred,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.收到邀請(qǐng)的總共有100人，但很多人因?yàn)楦鞣N原因缺席了。6．表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Threethousanddollarsquitealotofmoneyforaboy.對(duì)于一個(gè)男孩來說，3000美元是一筆大數(shù)目。（3）就近一致原則就近一致原則指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。1．由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)．..,not...but...等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。NotonlyJohnandTombutalsotheirsister,Mary,greatinterestinthepianolessons.不僅是約翰和湯姆，就連他們的妹妹瑪麗，也對(duì)鋼琴課有極大的興趣。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentstoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。2．在therebe句型中，若有幾個(gè)并列成分作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。Therethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。基礎(chǔ)題用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn(be)therewhenthemeetingbegan.

2.Neitherofthetwobrothers(live)withtheirparents.

3.Playingbaseball(be)Dale’sfavouritesport.

4.Thewholeclass(be)greatlymovedbyhiswords.

5.TheChinesebadmintonteam(be)playingmagnificently.

6.Thepolice(be)lookingforthemurderer.

7.HisSelectedPoems(be)firstpublishedin1965.

8.Ithinkphysics(be)muchmoreusefulthanmaths.

9.Notonlystudentsbutalsotheirteacher(object)totheplan.

10.There(be)someChineseandthreeAmericansinthetravellingteam.

11.Here(be)aletterandtwobooksforyou.

提高題單句語法填空1．Since2016whenthecompany________(found),ChopValuehasrescuedbillionsofchopsticksfromlandfills.[2023·青島市高三調(diào)研]2．Theformationofeachceladon________(be)aprocessoflifecasting.Onlyafterbeingburntataround1300℃for400hourscanitbemadeintoanobject.[2023·邯鄲市高三模擬]3．What________(make)peoplemovedisnotthefilmitselfbuttheheroesofthewaryears.[2023·漳州市第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]4．However,associety________(progress),therapidriseinincomesandhigherlivingstandardswillseemoreChinesesearchingforexperiencesthatareanythingbuttraditional.[2023·唐山市第一次模擬]5．Whilewecan'tguardagainstallmisfortunesanddiseases,gettingtoknowsomefirstaidskills________(be)quiteuseful.[2023·遼寧省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體模擬]提升專練基礎(chǔ)題語篇填空TheDragonDanceisaformoftraditionaldanceinChineseculture.It1.(spread)alloverChinaandtothewholeworldsofar.

Traditionally，dragons2.(make)ofwood.However，inmoderntimes，dragons3.(be)muchlighterbecausetheyaremadeoflightermaterialslikeplastics.Thelengthofdragonscanbefrom25to35metersforacrobatic(雜技的)models，andupto50to70metersforthelargerparade(游行)stylesbecausepeoplebelievethatthelongerthedragonis，themoreluckit4.(bring)tothecommunity.Asmallorganizationcannotrunaverylongdragonbecauseit5.(require)greathumanpower，muchmoneyandspecialskills.

TheDragonDanceitself6.(begin)duringtheHanDynasty.Andit7.(start)bytheChinesewhohadshowngreatrespectforthedragon.ItwasalreadyapopulareventduringtheSongDynasty.

Atthattime，it8.(become)apopularactivityliketheLionDance.Peoplecouldoftenseeitduringsomeimportantfestivals.IntheQingDynasty，theDragonDanceTeamofFuzhou9.(invite)toputonashowinBeijing.Andtheemperor10.(speak)highlyofit.

提高題語段填空(用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Thefirstzoo1.________(establish)around3，500yearsagobyanEgyptianqueenforherpersonalenjoyment.Fivehundredyearslater，aChineseemperor2.________(build)ahugezootoshowhispowerandwealth.Laterzoosweresetupforthepurposeofstudyinganimals.SomeoftheearlyEuropeanzoos3.________(consist)ofdarkholesordirtycages，thebadconditionsofwhichmadepeopledisgusted.Laterthezoos4.________(replace)byresearchcentersandanimalstherewerestudiedand5.________(keep)ingoodcondition.Theseplacesbecamethefirstmodernzoos.Asearlyasthe1940s，scientists6.________(understand)thatmanykindsofwildanimalsfacedextinction.Sincethen，zoos7.________(try)tosavemanyendangeredspecies，butrelyingonzoos8.________(save)speciesisnotenough.Thebestmethodofprotectionistoleavethemintheirnaturalhabitat.Today，animalsinlargeandnaturalreservesarefedabalanceddietand9.________(watch)carefullyforanysignsofdiseasewithspeciallytrainedkeeperslookingafterthemandsomehospitalswheretheycanbetreatedwhenill，andalltheanimalsthereliveacomfortablelife.Anyway，itistruethatzoobreedingprograms10.________(play)animportantroleinprotectingmanyspeciesofwildlifenow.專題01動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致目錄考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺牛刀小試：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練，能力提升學(xué)以致用：提升專練，全面突破考點(diǎn)一一般時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)二進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)三完成時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)四完成進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)五被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)六主謂一致考點(diǎn)一一般時(shí)態(tài)(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1．表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞(詞組)always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,everyday/night等連用。OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.周一早晨開車上班我一般要花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí)，雖然實(shí)際距離只有20英里。2．按時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come,close等動(dòng)詞。Theshopclosesat11：00p．m.everyday.這家商店每天晚上11點(diǎn)關(guān)門。3．如果主句用一般將來時(shí)，那么在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhenhestarted.這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時(shí)比他剛上任時(shí)更富有?；A(chǔ)題1.Hisparentshopehecanfollowhisheartwhenhe(選擇)hisjob.

答案chooses/picks考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！斑x擇”用choose/pick來表示，設(shè)空處作時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語，由主句謂語動(dòng)詞hope可知，此處也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句主語he為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故答案為chooses/picks。2.ChineseLanguageDayonApril20theveryyear，thesamedayasGuyu.(fall)

答案falls考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。根據(jù)本句中的時(shí)間狀語onApril20theveryyear可知，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語ChineseLanguageDay為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填falls。3.Worryisatotalwasteoftime.It(notchange)anything.

答案doesn’tchange根據(jù)“Worryisatotalwasteoftime.”可知，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)括號(hào)中的英文提示可知，該句為否定句，主語為It，故填doesn’tchange。(二)一般過去時(shí)1．表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與often,usually,seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。還可以表示在過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，常與yesterday,theotherday,lastweek,thedaybeforeyesterday等過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smithfellinlovewiththepeopleandculturethere.史密斯先生到中國幾個(gè)月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。2.有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，但實(shí)際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時(shí)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有know,think,expect,want等。Edward,youplaysowell.ButIdidn’tknowyouplayedthepiano.愛德華，你彈得真好。但是我原來不知道你會(huì)彈鋼琴?；A(chǔ)題1.Fiveminutesago，Linda(鎖)thedoorandleftwithhermum.

答案locked考查一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)前面的時(shí)間狀語Fiveminutesago可知?jiǎng)釉~用過去式。2.Hobohasjustmovedhereandthisisthethirdtimehehas(迷失)hisway.

答案lost考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)中文提示可知，此處填lose的適當(dāng)形式;根據(jù)空前的has可知，要填lose的過去分詞形式lost。3.I(hear)frommyparentsonceamonthwhenIwasatprimaryschool.

答案heard根據(jù)“whenIwasatprimaryschool”可知，敘述的事情發(fā)生在過去，用一般過去時(shí)。hear的過去式為heard。故填heard。4.QiBaishi(start)tolearnpaintingbyhimselfatayoungageandfinallyachievedagreatsuccess.

答案started根據(jù)atayoungage可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞start的過去式為started。故填started。5.AssoonasMumgothomeyesterday，she(hang)hercoatbehindthedoorandwenttothekitchentopreparesupper.

答案hung根據(jù)yesterday可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，此處hang表示“懸掛”，過去式是hung，故填hung。(三)一般將來時(shí)1．“shall/will＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語tomorrow,nextyear,in＋一段時(shí)間等連用。其中shall通常用于第一人稱，will通常用于各種人稱?！皐ill＋動(dòng)詞原形”還可以表示說話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的努力(將來)一定會(huì)得到回報(bào)?！猈hattimeisit?——幾點(diǎn)了？—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwillcheckitforyou.——我不知道。但是請(qǐng)稍等，我給您查查。2．“begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,isgoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.史密斯博士將在今年夏天與他的妻子和女兒們一起游覽北京。Look,darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorainsoon,Ithink.瞧，烏云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。3．“beto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；也可表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、禁止等。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o’clock.到10點(diǎn)你必須得上交試卷。Ameetingistobeheldat3o’clockthisafternoon.會(huì)議將于今天下午3點(diǎn)舉行。4．“beaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來時(shí)間狀語連用，可以和并列連詞when(＝andatthis/thattime)引導(dǎo)的從句連用。Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時(shí)一只鳥引起了他的注意?；A(chǔ)題1.—Amy，doyouknowhowtomakeaQRcode?—Ofcourse.I(show)youthesteps.

答案willshow根據(jù)語境可知，此處指將向你展示步驟，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。故填willshow。2.Keepyoureyesopen，oryou(miss)themostexcitingmomentofthemagic.

答案willmiss這是“祈使句+or+陳述句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，or后的句子用一般將來時(shí)，此處表達(dá)“睜大你的眼睛，否則你將會(huì)……”，故填willmiss。3.Butsurely,peoplebelieve,hisdream(come)trueinthenearfuture.

答案willcome考查一般將來時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語inthenearfuture可知用一般將來時(shí)。故填willcome。4.Aslongasyouputinmoreeffort,youprogressinyourschoolwork.(make)

答案willmake句意:只要你付出更多的努力,你的功課就會(huì)進(jìn)步。空處作謂語,本句含有條件狀語從句,時(shí)態(tài)遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,所以主句用一般將來時(shí)。故填willmake。一般時(shí)提高題單句語法填空1．ThisancientChineseart,knownasdragonscalebookbinding(裝訂),________(stretch)backmorethan1，000yearstotheTangdynasty.[2023·武漢市部分學(xué)校調(diào)研]2．Intherace,adrummer________(use)alargetraditionalwoodendrumtokeepthepaddlersonthebeat,whileasteersmaninthebackkeepsthemintheirlane.[2023·南京市高三年級(jí)學(xué)情調(diào)研]3．Accordingtothelatestdata,thetotalareaofChina'smangroveforestsin2020________(be)289squarekilometers,andover70squarekilometersofmangrovesarenewlyplantedandrestorednow.[2023·山東省高三百師聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考]1．答案與解析：stretches動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在本句中作謂語。此處描述了一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；stretchback意為“追溯到”，無被動(dòng)；主語ThisancientChineseart為單數(shù)概念。故填stretches。2．答案與解析：uses動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的“keeps”，再結(jié)合句意可知，該句陳述的是風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句主語是adrummer，為第三人稱單數(shù)，故用uses。3．答案與解析：was考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：根據(jù)最新數(shù)據(jù)，2020年中國紅樹林總面積為289平方公里。根據(jù)in2020可知用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)合主語thetotalarea“面積”，為不可數(shù)名詞。考點(diǎn)二進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，雖然此時(shí)此刻該動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行。Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.我們今天面對(duì)的是一個(gè)陌生的新世界，并且我們都在想我們將要怎么對(duì)待它。2．表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear,runout等，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的事。Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.洪災(zāi)區(qū)的食物供給快要用完了。我們必須在食物吃完前立刻行動(dòng)?；A(chǔ)題1.hewholetownisctheopeningofthenewbridgewithahugeparty.

答案celebrating考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)后文中的party可知?jiǎng)釉~是慶祝celebrate，根據(jù)前文is可知，此處是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，注意要去掉celebrate結(jié)尾不發(fā)音的e再加?ing，故填celebrating。2.Itseemsthatfamiliesaremoreandmoretimetogether.(spend)

答案spending考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)語境可知，spend與其主語families為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合空前的are可知句子只能為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填spend的?ing形式，故填spending。3.Look!Thechildren(circle)arobot，talkingaboutsciencedevelopment.

答案arecircling考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)“Look!”可知，此句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，空格處填arecircling。指孩子們正圍著一個(gè)機(jī)器人。4.—Hello，isthatJamesspeaking?—Sorry，thisisJohn.James(have)supper.

答案ishaving根據(jù)語境可知，打電話時(shí)詹姆斯正在吃晚餐，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故填ishaving。5.—Whyareyousobusythewholeafternoon?—We(plan)tohaveafashionshowforpoorchildrenthisFriday.

答案areplanning根據(jù)“Whyareyousobusythewholeafternoon?”可知，此處詢問下午這個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)正在做的事情，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);主語We是復(fù)數(shù)，故填areplanning。(二)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1．表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句以及時(shí)間狀語atthattime,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno’clockyesterday等連用。Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.蘇珊已經(jīng)辭去了高薪的工作。去年當(dāng)我探望她的時(shí)候，她正在一個(gè)社區(qū)里做志愿者。2．表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.突然斷電時(shí)，杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。基礎(chǔ)題1.—Andy，whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?—I